Oil Campaign of World War II

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Oil Campaign of World War II

The Oil Campaign of World War II bombed facilities supplying Nazi Germany

Nazi Germany

Nazi Germany and the Third Reich are the colloquial English names for Germany under the regime of Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party , which established a Totalitarianism dictatorship that existed from 1933 to 1945....
with petroleum, oil, and lubrication (POL) products. In addition to targets in Germany, the Allied campaign bombed Austrian, Czechoslovakian, French, Hungarian, Norwegian, Polish, Rumanian, and Yugoslavian oil facilities controlled and/or occupied by Nazi Germany

Nazi Germany

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The Oil Campaign of World War II bombed facilities supplying Nazi Germany

Nazi Germany

Nazi Germany and the Third Reich are the colloquial English names for Germany under the regime of Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party , which established a Totalitarianism dictatorship that existed from 1933 to 1945....
. Even before the war, Germany was dependent on foreign sources for an adequate supply of oil. The annexations of the Sudetenland

Sudetenland

Sudetenland is the German language name used in English in the first half of the 20th century for the western regions of Czechoslovakia inhabited mostly by ethnic Germans, specifically the border areas of Bohemia, Moravia, and those parts of Czech Silesia associated with Bohemia....
and of Austria

Anschluss

The ' , also known as the ', was the 1938 unification of Austria into Gro?deutschland by Nazi Germany.Austria was merged into Nazi Germany on 12 March 1938....
, the "campaigns in Norway, Holland, Belgium, and France
History of Germany during World War II

The history of Germany during World War II closely parallels that of Nazi Germany under Adolf Hitler. Adolf Hitler came to power in Germany in 1933....
…and imports from the Soviet Union

Nazi–Soviet economic relations

Two years after Adolf Hitler's rise to power in Germany, trade between Germany and the Soviet Union decreased. In August of 1939, the countries expanded their economic relationship by entering into a German?Soviet Commercial Agreement whereby the Soviet Union sent critical raw materials to Germany in exchange for weapons, military technology an...
provided significant wartime POL imports to Nazi Germany

Nazi Germany

Targets

Natural oil was available in Northwestern Germany at Nienhagen

Nienhagen

Nienhagen may refer to the following places in Germany:*Nienhagen, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, in the district of Bad Doberan, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern...
(—300,000 tons per year), Rietberg

Rietberg

Rietberg is a town in the G?tersloh in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is located approx. 10 km south of G?tersloh and 25 km north-west of Paderborn in the region Ostwestfalen-Lippe....
(20%—300,000), and Heide

Heide

Heide is a town in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. It is the capital of the Kreis Dithmarschen. Population: 21,000.The German language word Heide means "heath"....
(300,000); with primary refineries at Hamburg and Hannover and with secondary refineries including Dortmund

Dortmund

Dortmund is a city in Germany, located in the States of Germany of North Rhine-Westphalia, in the Ruhr area. Its population of 587,830 makes it the largest city in the region, 7th-largest in Germany, and 34th-largest in the European Union....
, Düsseldorf

Düsseldorf

D?sseldorf is the capital city of the Germany state of North Rhine-Westphalia. It is an economic centre of Germany. The city is situated on the River Rhine and has a high population density - the Rhine-Ruhr metropolitan area has over 10 million inhabitants alone....
, and Emmerich (imports were refined at Regensburg

Regensburg

Regensburg is a city in Bavaria, Germany, located at the confluence of the Danube and Regen River rivers, at the northernmost bend in the Danube....
). 54 targets in France, Holland, and Italy, mainly coastal refineries for ocean-shipped crude, were within easy bombing range and therefore unused by Germany. Nineteen principle oil centers provided storage along with known underground depots at Farge

Farge

Farge is a small port on the Weser River in the Bremen . Bombing of Bremen in World War II damaged Farge targets such as the Valentin submarine pens ....
, Hitzacker

Hitzacker

Loccum

Loccum is a village situated about 50 Kilometre north west of Hanover in the Nienburg in Lower-Saxony, Germany. It has been a part of the city of Rehburg-Loccum since 1974....
, Nienburg

Nienburg

There are two towns named Nienburg in Germany.*Nienburg, Lower Saxony*Nienburg, Saxony-AnhaltThe Name Nienburg means "Neue Burg" ....
, and Ehmen (the latter was bombed by the 445th Bombardment Group)

445th Airlift Wing

The 445th Airlift Wing is an operational Wing of the United States Air Force Air Force Reserve Command. It is headquartered at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, near Dayton, Ohio....
.

Hydrierwerke As a natural oil substitute , Nazi Germany

Nazi Germany

Nazi Germany and the Third Reich are the colloquial English names for Germany under the regime of Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party , which established a Totalitarianism dictatorship that existed from 1933 to 1945....
synthesized POL products from coal using the Bergius and Fischer-Tropsch processes. The Bergius process

Bergius process

The Bergius Process is a method of production of liquid hydrocarbons for use as synthetic fuel by hydrogenation of high-volatile bituminous coal at high temperature and pressure....
plants were the sole source of Nazi Germany

Nazi Germany

Nazi Germany and the Third Reich are the colloquial English names for Germany under the regime of Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party , which established a Totalitarianism dictatorship that existed from 1933 to 1945....
's high-grade aviation gasoline and the source of most of its synthetic oil, 99% of its synthetic rubber and nearly all of its synthetic methanol

Methanol

Methanol, also known as methyl alcohol, carbinol, wood alcohol, wood naphtha or wood spirits, is a chemical compound with chemical formula carbonhydrogen3oxygenhydrogen ....
, synthetic ammonia

Ammonia

Ammonia is a chemical compound with the chemical formula nitrogenhydrogen. It is normally encountered as a gas with a characteristic pungent odor....
, and nitric acid

Nitric acid

Nitric acid , also known as aqua fortis and spirit of nitre, is a highly corrosion and toxic strong acid that can cause severe burns....
. Nearly 1/3 of the Bergius production was by Pölitz

Police, Poland

Police [] is a town in Pomerania, northwestern Poland, situated on the Oder River and an estuary of the Oder River - Roztoka Odrzanska, south of the Lagoon of Szczecin and the Bay of Pomerania....
and Leuna

Leuna

Leuna is a town in the district Saalekreis, in Saxony-Anhalt, eastern Germany. It is the center of the German synthetic chemical industry. In 1960, the town's population was nearly 10,000, but poor living conditions, including pollution from nearby industries, has caused significant outward migration....
, with more than 1/3 more in five other plants (a much smaller Bergius plant was at Ludwigshafen).

By early 1944, German synthetic fuel

Synthetic fuel

Synthetic fuel or synfuel is any liquid fuel obtained from coal, natural gas, or biomass. It can sometimes refer to fuels derived from other solids such as oil shale, tar sand, waste plastics, or from the fermentation of biomatter....
production had reached more than from 25 plants, including 10 in the Ruhr Area

Ruhr Area

The Ruhr Area, is an urban area in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. With 4435 km? and a population of some 5.3 million, it is the largest urban agglomeration in Germany....
.

In 1937, the four central Germany lignite coal plants at Böhlen

Böhlen

B?hlen is a town in the Free State of Saxony, Germany, south of Leipzig. Its main features are a small airport and a power-plant. It is located in the newly built Neuseenland, the lakes created in the former open-pit mining areas....
, Leuna

Leuna

Magdeburg

Magdeburg , the Capital of the States of Germany of Saxony-Anhalt, Germany, lies on the Elbe River and was one of the most important medieval cities of Europe....
/Rothensee

Ohrekreis

The Ohrekreis was a district in the north-east of Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Neighboring districts are Altmarkkreis Salzwedel, Stendal , Jerichower Land, the district-free city Magdeburg, B?rdekreis, and the districts Helmstedt and Gifhorn in Lower Saxony....
, and Zeitz

Zeitz

Zeitz is a town in the district of Burgenlandkreis in the south of Saxony-Anhalt, Germany, situated on the river Wei?e Elster in the middle of the triangle of the federal states Saxony-Anhalt, Thuringia and Saxony....
, along with the Ruhr Area

Ruhr Area

The Ruhr Area, is an urban area in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. With 4435 km? and a population of some 5.3 million, it is the largest urban agglomeration in Germany....
Scholven/Buer

Gelsenkirchen

Gelsenkirchen is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is located in the northern part of the Ruhr area. Its population in 2006 was c....
bituminous coal

Bituminous coal

Bituminous coal is a relatively soft coal containing a tarlike substance called bitumen. It is of higher quality than lignite but poorer quality than Anthracite....
plant, had produced 4.8 million barrels of fuel. Four new hydrogenation

Hydrogenation

Hydrogenation is the chemical reaction that results from the addition of hydrogen . The process is usually employed to a redox or Saturation organic compounds....
plants were subsequently erected at Bottrop

Bottrop

is a city in west central Germany, on the Rhine-Herne Canal, in North Rhine-Westphalia. Located in the Ruhr area, Bottrop adjoins Essen, Germany, Oberhausen, Gladbeck and Dorsten....
-Welheim, Gelsenkirchen (Nordstern), Pölitz, and Wesseling

Wesseling

Wesseling is a city in Germany in the Rhein-Erft-Kreis, located 15 km south of Cologne city centre, and bordering it from south. The name Wesseling originates from the time were boats on the river rhine were still pulled by horses....
. By 1945, nine additional plants using the differing Fischer-Tropsch process

Fischer-Tropsch process

The Fischer-Tropsch process is a catalyst chemistry in which synthesis gas , a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen, is converted into liquid hydrocarbons of various forms....
were operational. An additional Fischer-Tropsch plant, Kuhlman at Harnes

Harnes

Harnes is a Communes of France in the Pas-de-Calais Departments of France in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region of France....
France, was shut down briefly in 1942 due to bomb damage. By late fall 1944, the Geilenberg Special Staff

Dessauer Ufer

Dessauer Ufer was a Nazi Germany subcamp of the Neuengamme concentration camp. The camp opened in mid-July 1944 for 1,000 Czechs and Hungarian people Jewish woman selected from Auschwitz concentration camp ....
was using 350,000 mostly foreign forced labor

Forced Labor

#REDIRECT Unfree labour...
ers to reconstruct synthetic plants, and, in an emergency decentralization program, to build 7 underground hydrogenation plants for bombing protection (none were completed). (Planners had rejected an earlier such proposal because the war was to be won before the bunkers would be completed.) In 1945, the 'Cuckoo' project underground oil plant at the Mittelwerk

Mittelwerk

Central Works was the underground WWII rocket and aircraft factory operated by the government CentralAdditional Nazi Germany plans for V-2 rocket production at the Operation Bellicose and the Kaiserwald concentration camp Salaspils#World War II near Riga were never fulfilled....
was under construction.

Oil Plan

By March 6, 1944, personnel of the Petroleum Attache of the US Embassy, the Technical Sub-Committee on Axis Oil, and the Enemy Oil Committee had reviewed the Oil Plan

Oil plan

The Oil Plan was a strategy devised primarily by Carl Spaatz, the commander of the US 8th Air Force during 1943 - 1944.Spaatz's premise was that the Achilles' heel of the German war industry was the means of producing and synthesizing oil, and that a concerted attack on these resources would produce a large effect at a small cost....
"statement of the enemy oil position"/"proposed attack on the fourteen synthetic plants and thirteen refineries."

The Oil Plan estimated German oil production could be reduced 50% by bombing—33% below the amount Nazi Germany

Nazi Germany

Nazi Germany and the Third Reich are the colloquial English names for Germany under the regime of Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party , which established a Totalitarianism dictatorship that existed from 1933 to 1945....
needed: "23 synthetic plants and 31 refineries currently account for over 90 per cent of total Axis refinery and synthetic oil output." At the bombing priority meeting on March 25, 1944 at Charles Portal's Air Ministry office, Dwight Eisenhower decided the projected months for the Oil Plan to impact Operation Overlord

Operation Overlord

Operation Overlord was the code name for the invasion of Western Front during World War II by Western Allies forces. The operation began with the Normandy Landings on 6 June 1944 , among the largest amphibious warfares ever conducted....
were too long, but allowed Carl Spaatz

Carl Spaatz

Carl Andrew "Tooey" Spaatz Order of the British Empire was an United States World War II general and the first Chief of Staff of the United States Air Force....
to perform two trial Oil Plan bombings in May. After less-than-expected success for test raids on the Transportation Plan targets of Trappes

Trappes

Trappes is a communes of France in the western suburbs of Paris, France. It is located . from the Kilometre Zero, in the "new town#France" of Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines....
, Le Mans

Le Mans

Le Mans is a commune in France in France, located on the Sarthe River. Traditionally the capital of the province of Maine , it is now the pr?fecture of the Sarthe D?partement in France, and is furthermore the seat of the Roman Catholic diocese of Le Mans....
, and Amiens

Amiens

Amiens is a city and Communes of France in northern France, north of Paris. It is the capital of the Somme Departments of France in Picardie....
; the Oil Plan was revised to include four additional priorities: first oil, then fighter and ball bearing production, rubber production, and bomber output. The damage caused by the May 12 & 28 trial Oil Plan bombings, as well as the confirmation of the oil facilities' importance and vulnerability from ULTRA

Ultra

Ultra was the name used by the United Kingdom for intelligence resulting from decryption of encrypted Nazi Germany radio communications in World War II....
intercepts and other intelligence reports, resulted in the execution of the Oil Plan at lower priority through September 1944, after which the Oil Plan was made the highest priority. In late summer 1944 after the Allies began using reconnaissance photo information to time bombing with the resumption of production at a facility, "This was the big breakthrough…a plant would be wounded…by successive attacks on its electrical grid—its nervous system—and on its gas and water mains." (author Donald Miller).

valign=top| **Chronology**
Date	Target/Topic
1940-05-15/16		In the 1st large-scale Strategic bombing during World War II Strategic bombing during World War II Strategic bombing during World War II was greater in scale than any wartime attack the world had previously witnessed. The strategic bombing campaigns conducted by Nazi Germany, the United Kingdom, the United States and the Empire of Japan used conventional weapons, Incendiary bomb, and nuclear weapons.... and the 1st attack on the German "backcountry", just 24 of 96 bombers dispatched to Ruhr Area Ruhr Area The Ruhr Area, is an urban area in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. With 4435 km? and a population of some 5.3 million, it is the largest urban agglomeration in Germany.... power stations and refineries found the target area, setting several oil plants on fire.
1940-05-16/17		6 Hampden Hampden Hampden' may refer to:... and 6 Wellington Wellington Wellington is the Capital of New Zealand, situated at the southwestern tip of the North Island between Cook Strait and the Rimutaka Range. The Wellington Urban Area is the major population centre of the southern North Island and ranks as New Zealand's third most populous Urban areas of New Zealand with residents.... bombers attacked Ruhr oil targets.
1940-05-17/18	Hamburg Bombing of Hamburg in World War II The large port city of Hamburg, Germany, was very heavily bombed many times by the Royal Air Force and the United States Army Air Forces during World War II....	48 Hampdens attacked Hamburg oil installations.
1940-05-17/18	Bremen Bombing of Bremen in World War II The Bombing of Bremen in World War II by the Royal Air Force and the Eighth Air Force#United States Strategic Air Forces targeted Strategic bombing during World War II in the Bremen , which had heavy anti-aircraft artillery but only 35 fighter aircraft in the area....	24 Whitley Whitley Whitley may refer to:... bombers attacked Bremen oil installations.
1940-05-18/19		24 Wellington Wellington Wellington is the Capital of New Zealand, situated at the southwestern tip of the North Island between Cook Strait and the Rimutaka Range. The Wellington Urban Area is the major population centre of the southern North Island and ranks as New Zealand's third most populous Urban areas of New Zealand with residents.... bombers, 24 Whitleys, and 12 Hampdens attacked oil refineries in Germany.
1940-05-22/23	Leuna Leuna Leuna is a town in the district Saalekreis, in Saxony-Anhalt, eastern Germany. It is the center of the German synthetic chemical industry. In 1960, the town's population was nearly 10,000, but poor living conditions, including pollution from nearby industries, has caused significant outward migration....	35 Hampdens were recalled due to bad weather, but 1 failed to receive the recall and bombed the Leuna oil refinery.
1940-05-27/28	Bremen	Hampdens bombed oil refineries near Bremen. On this day the RAF downed its 1st German fighter (by a No. 10 Squadron RAF No. 10 Squadron RAF No. 10 Squadron was a Royal Air Force squadron. The squadron served in a variety of roles over its 90 year history. The squadron disbanded on 14 October 2005 and the aircraft and personnel were transferred to No.... Whitley tail gunner).
1940-05-27/28	Hamburg	Hampdens attacked oil refineries near Hamburg.
1940-05-30/31	Bremen	The Bremen oil refinery was bombed.
1940-05-30/31	Hamburg	Hamburg oil refineries were bombed.
1940-06-2/3		24 Whitleys and 6 Hampdens bombed oil and communication targets in Germany.
1940-09-14/15	Belgium (Antwerp Antwerp \|\|-\|\|-\|\|-\|\|}Antwerp is a city and municipality in Belgium and the capital of the Antwerp in Flanders, one of Belgium's three regions.... )	An unusually large force of 43 Wellingtons bombed an oil depot near Antwerp.
1941-01-09/10	Gelsenkirchen Gelsenkirchen Gelsenkirchen is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is located in the northern part of the Ruhr area. Its population in 2006 was c.... (Nordstern)]]	1941 Less than ½ of 135 dispatched aircraft bombed the Gelsenkirchen synthetic oil plants.
1941-01-09/10	Scholven/Buer	Less than ½ of 135 dispatched aircraft bombed the Gelsenkirchen synthetic oil plants.
1941-02-10/11	Hannover	The "oil plant directive" began, concentrating RAF Bomber Command RAF Bomber Command RAF Bomber Command was the organisation that controlled the Royal Air Force's bomber forces from 1936 to 1968. During World War II, the command destroyed a significant proportion of Nazi Germany's industries and many German cities, and in the 1960s, was at the peak of its postwar power with the V bombers and a supplemental force of English E... efforts on 17 oil production targets, with the first of the attacks by 222 aircraft (the largest despatched to a single target") on Hannover.
1941-02-14/15	Gelsenkirchen (Nordstern)	9 of 44 despatched Wellingtons claimed to have hit the Nordstern target (a German aircraft reportedly landed with the No. 57 Squadron RAF No. 57 Squadron RAF No. 57 Squadron RAF is a Royal Air Force flying training squadron.... at RAF Feltwell RAF Feltwell RAF Feltwell is a Royal Air Force station in Norfolk, East Anglia that is currently used by the USAFE. The station is located about 10 miles west of Thetford, and is in the borough of King's Lynn at approximate Ordnance Survey grid reference .... and "quickly took-off again").
1941-06-22	supply	Operation Barbarossa Operation Barbarossa Operation Barbarossa was the code name for Nazi Germany's invasion of the Soviet Union during World War II that commenced on 22 June 1941. Over 4.5 million troops of the Axis powers invaded the USSR along a 2,900 kilometer front .... began and included the goal to capture Oil Industry in Azerbaijan Azerbaijan produces about 800,000 barrels of oil per day and 1 bcma of gas ? a production that will grow to historical peak of 1.2 million bo/d by 2008 with an equally large amount of gas.... the Baku oilfields. At the time, total Nazi Germany Nazi Germany Nazi Germany and the Third Reich are the colloquial English names for Germany under the regime of Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party , which established a Totalitarianism dictatorship that existed from 1933 to 1945.... oil product imports from the USSR were 912,000 tons/tbd Operation Barbarossa Operation Barbarossa was the code name for Nazi Germany's invasion of the Soviet Union during World War II that commenced on 22 June 1941. Over 4.5 million troops of the Axis powers invaded the USSR along a 2,900 kilometer front .... , with German stockpiles at 1,350,000 tons.
1941-10	supply	Nazi Germany Nazi Germany Nazi Germany and the Third Reich are the colloquial English names for Germany under the regime of Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party , which established a Totalitarianism dictatorship that existed from 1933 to 1945.... oil product stocks were down to 905,000 tons Operation Barbarossa Operation Barbarossa was the code name for Nazi Germany's invasion of the Soviet Union during World War II that commenced on 22 June 1941. Over 4.5 million troops of the Axis powers invaded the USSR along a 2,900 kilometer front .... .
1941-12-28/29	Emden Emden Emden is a city and seaport in the northwest of Germany, on river Ems . It is the main city of the region of East Frisia; in 2006, the city had a total population of 51,692....	Emden bombed.
1941-12-28/29	Hüls	Hüls bombed.
1941-12-28/29	Wilhelmshaven Wilhelmshaven Wilhelmshaven is a town in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is situated at the western coast of the Jadebusen, which is a bay of the North Sea. Population: 83,238 ....	Wilhelmshaven bombed.
1942-02-14	Pölitz Pölitz P?litz is a municipality in the district of Stormarn, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany....	1942 The Pölitz synthetic oil plant was added to the Area Bombing Directive one day before it was issued Area bombing directive The Area Bombing Directive was a 14 February 1942 British Air Ministry order directing RAF Bomber Command that "It has been decided that the primary objective of your operations should be focused on the morale of the enemy civil population and in particular the industrial workers".... .
1942-06-25/26	Bremen	1,067 aircraft attacking Bremen targets used Gee GEE (navigation) GEE or Air Ministry Experimental Station Type 7000 was a United Kingdom radio navigation system used by the Royal Air Force during World War II.... with limited success, damaging Focke-Wulf Focke-Wulf Focke-Wulf Flugzeugbau AG was a Germany manufacturer of civil and List of aircraft of the WW2 Luftwaffe during World War II. Many of the company's successful fighter aircraft designs were slight modifications of the Focke-Wulf Fw 190.... buildings, the Atlas Werke Atlas Werke Atlas Werke was a Germany shipbuilding company, located in Bremen. It was founded in 1911.During World War I Atlas Werke built one single German Type U 151 submarine for the Kaiserliche Marine, the Unterseeboot 156 .... , the Bremer Vulkan Bremer Vulkan Bremer Vulkan was a Germany shipbuilding company founded when a group of investors bought the Bremen#History shipyard that had opened on September 21, 1805.... shipyard, the Norddeutsche Hütte AG steel mill Bremer Straßenbahn AG Bremer Stra?enbahn AG , often abbreviated BSAG, is the public transport provider for Bremen, Germany, offering tram and bus services.... , the "Korff refinery", and 2 large dockside warehouses.
1942-08	supply	Kherson Kherson Kherson is a city in southern Ukraine. It is the Capital city of the Kherson Oblast , and is designated as its own separate raion within the oblast.... in the Ukraine, also), Nazi Germany Nazi Germany Nazi Germany and the Third Reich are the colloquial English names for Germany under the regime of Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party , which established a Totalitarianism dictatorship that existed from 1933 to 1945.... began occupation of the USSR's Maikop Maikop Maykop or Maikop may refer to:Maykop, capital of the Republic of Adygea, RussiaMaykop culture, prehistoric culture of the northern Caucasus, ca. 3500 BCE?2500 BCE... oil fields.
1942-11	supply
1942-12-03	supply	The Joint Intelligence Subcommittee's German Strategy in 1943 predicts Nazi Germany Nazi Germany Nazi Germany and the Third Reich are the colloquial English names for Germany under the regime of Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party , which established a Totalitarianism dictatorship that existed from 1933 to 1945.... will have increased domestic oil supplies in mid-1943.
1942-12-15	Czechoslovakia (Brüx Most Most is a city in the northwest of the Czech Republic, in the ?st? nad Labem Region. It is situated between the Czech Central Mountains and the Ore Mountains , approximately 77 km northwest of Prague along the B?lina River and southwest of ?st? nad Labem.... )	1943 Output of brown coal synthetic fuel began at the Sudetenländische Treibstoffwerke AG (STW) Maltheuren plant at Brüx, Czechoslovakia. Stalag IV-C (Wistritz bei Teplitz) was Ploesti]])	[[Operation Tidal Wave]] destroyed 50% of the Rumanian refinery capacity. (five [[Medal of Honor\|Medals of Honor]] were awarded).
1943-09-12	supply	Göring identified Mussolini had a 65,000 ton hoard of aviation fuel, including 38,000 barrels in the [[La Spezia]] tunnels.
1943-09-29/30	Bochum	213 Lancasters, 130 Halifaxes, 9 Mosquitos used Oboe-assisted [[Pathfinder (RAF)\|Pathfinder Force (PFF)]] to concentrate accurate bombing. (the German radar controller convinced himself the raid was on Bremen, 150 miles from Bochum).
1943-09-29/30	Gelsenkirchen	11 Mosquitos bombed Gelsenkirchen.
1943-11-5	Gelsenkirchen	[[VIII Bomber Command]] Mission 121: 323 of 374 [[B-17 Flying Fortress]]es and 9 of 11 PFF B-17s hit the marshalling yard and Gelsenkirchen oil plants. (November 19 Gelsenkirchen Mission 134 was rerouted to bomb the German-Dutch border due to malfunction of blind-bombing PFF equipment and the weather.)
1944-01-12	Italy (Fiume)	1944 The bombed the oil refinery.
1944-04	supply
1944-04-05	Rumania (Ploesti)
1944-04-15	Rumania (Ploesti)	The bombed Ploesti marshalling yards, which were next to an oil plant.
1944-04-24	Rumania (Ploesti)	1st use of the APS-15 "Mickey" radar List of radars This is a list of radars. A radar is an electronic system used to detect, range , and map various types of targets.... .
1944-05-5	Rumania (Ploesti)	The bombed Ploesti marshalling yards, which were next to an oil plant. This was the 1st of 10 456th BG attacks on Ploesti 456th Bomb Group The 456th Bomb Group was an air combat unit of the United States Army Air Forces during the Second World War. A "USAAF bombardment group," the 456th operated B-24 Liberator aircraft and was known unofficially as "Steed's Flying Colts," after its commander.... (one crewman bailing out of a bomber knocked part of the wing off another).
1944-05-9	Belgium (Bruges Bruges Bruges is the capital and largest city of the Provinces of Belgium of West Flanders in the Flemish Region of Belgium. It is located in the northwest of the country.... )	12 Bostons strike 'near misses' at an oil depot at Bruges and railway yards at Hazebrouck.
1944-05-12		The 1st trial Oil Plan raid.
1944-05-12	Böhlen Böhlen B?hlen is a town in the Free State of Saxony, Germany, south of Leipzig. Its main features are a small airport and a power-plant. It is located in the newly built Neuseenland, the lakes created in the former open-pit mining areas....	Mission 353: RLV fighters Messerschmitt Bf 110 The Messerschmitt Bf 110 ) was a twin-engine heavy fighter in the service of the Luftwaffe during Second World War. Hermann G?ring was a proponent of the Bf 110, and nicknamed it his Eisenseiten, or "Ironsides".... put up their largest force ever, but five synthetic oil plants were successfully bombed.
1944-05-12	Czechoslovakia (Brüx)	Mission 353
1944-05-12		Mission 353
1944-05-12	Lützendorf Weilmünster Weilm?nster is a community in Limburg-Weilburg district in Hesse, Germany....	Mission 353
1944-05-12	Zeitz	Mission 353
1944-05-13	Pölitz	Mission 355: Clouds force 272 B-17s dispatched to oil targets in W Poland to bomb Stettin ("Poelitz/Stettin was a synthetic plant) and Stralsund Stralsund Stralsund is a city in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany, situated at the southern coast of the Strelasund .Two bridges and several ferry services connect Stralsund with the ports of R?gen.... .
1944-05-19	supply	"In my view the fuel, Buna rubber, and nitrogen plants Liquid nitrogen Liquid nitrogen is a liquefied atmospheric gas produced industrially in large quantities by fractional distillation of liquid air. It is pure nitrogen in a liquid state at very low temperature.... represent a particularly sensitive point for the conduct of the war, since vital materials for armaments are being manufactured in a small number of plants" (Hitler Adolf Hitler Adolf Hitler was an Austrian-born Germany politician and the leader of the National Socialist German Workers Party , popularly known as the Nazi Party.... ). "…with the [May 12] attack of nine hundred and thirty-five daylight bombers of the American Eighth Air Force upon several fuel plants, a new era in the air war began. It meant the end of German armaments production." (Albert Speer Albert Speer Albert Speer was a Germany architect who was, for part of World War II, Minister of Armaments and War Production for the Nazi Germany. Speer was Adolf Hitler's chief architect before assuming ministerial office.... ) Daily output of aircraft fuel had dropped from 5,850 to 4,820 metric tonnes; but the reserve of 574,000 tonnes was expected to last 19 months.
1944-05-27	supply
1944-05-28	^[Expand]	Ruhland/Schwarz-Heide, 105 bombed an oil dump at Konigsburg/Magdeburg, and 55 bombed oil industry at Magdeburg Magdeburg Magdeburg , the Capital of the States of Germany of Saxony-Anhalt, Germany, lies on the Elbe River and was one of the most important medieval cities of Europe.... /Rothensee Ohrekreis The Ohrekreis was a district in the north-east of Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Neighboring districts are Altmarkkreis Salzwedel, Stendal , Jerichower Land, the district-free city Magdeburg, B?rdekreis, and the districts Helmstedt and Gifhorn in Lower Saxony.... . 187 B-24s bombed Zeitz-Troglitz and 63 bombed Merseburg/Leuna Leuna Leuna is a town in the district Saalekreis, in Saxony-Anhalt, eastern Germany. It is the center of the German synthetic chemical industry. In 1960, the town's population was nearly 10,000, but poor living conditions, including pollution from nearby industries, has caused significant outward migration.... .
1944-05-29	Pölitz	Mission 379: 224 B-24s bombed an oil terminal at Pölitz.
1944-05-28/29	Rumania (Ploesti)
1944-05-31	Rumania (Ploesti)	The bombed a Ploesti oil refinery. "Successful attacks on [the] Wiener-Neustadter complex have raised oil to high priority.…destruction of remaining active capacity of Ploesti will create [a] critical situation for [the] entire Axis war effort and make possible further important inroads through attacks in Austria, Hungary, Yugoslavia and Italy. [The] Eighth Air Force has now damaged all but 2 of the major synthetic plants in its area making it possible for Fifteenth [Air Force] to destroy sufficient refinery and synthetic capacity to in production close to 75 percent. Destruction of vital installations in targets selected will immobilize Ploesti capacity for several months." (intelligence annex to the field order for the May 31 Ploesti mission.)
1944-06-03	Leuna	Leuna resumed partial production on June 3 and reached 75% of capacity in early July.
1944-06-06		In the first large-scale American attempt to use a dispersed bomber force to spread out fighter defenses in Rumania, Ploesti was bombed and B-17s, including some Soviet-based for Operation Frantic Operation Frantic Operation Frantic was a series of seven shuttle bombing List of air operations during the Battle of Europe conducted by American aircraft based in Britain or the Mediterranean which then landed at three American bases in the Soviet Union.... , attacked the Galati Galati Galati is a city in eastern Romania , the capital city of Galati County on the banks of the Danube, very close to Braila forming with it the Cantemir metropolitan area.... Airdrome: "most oil from Ploesti must be shipped west over [the] Danube for refining." (annex of intelligence report)
1944-06-08
1944-06-12/13	Gelsenkirchen (Nordstern)	In the first RAF bombing for the Oil Plan, 286 Lancasters and 17 Mosquitos of Nos 1, 3 and 8 Groups halted Nordstern plant production (1,000 tons/day of aviation fuel) for several weeks.
1944-06-14	Emmerich	Mission 412: 61 B-24s hit the Emmerich, Germany oil refinery
1944-06-14/15	Scholven/Buer Gelsenkirchen Gelsenkirchen is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is located in the northern part of the Ruhr area. Its population in 2006 was c....	35 Mosquitos attacked the Scholven/Buer oil plant—3 bombs fell into the plant area and 3 civilians were killed outside the factory—a farmer, a lorry-driver and a housewife.
1944-06-15	Hanover (Deurag-Nerag) Hanover Hanover or Hannover#Definitions , on the river Leine, is the capital city of the Federal states of Germany of Lower Saxony , Germany and was once by personal union the family seat of the House of Hanover, in their dignities as the dukes of Brunswick-L?neburg .... )	Mission 414: 172 B-17s hit the Hannover/Misburg oil refinery, to which the of Neuengamme provided forced labor Forced Labor #REDIRECT Unfree labour... .
1944-06-16/17	Sterkrade/Holten 295th Ordnance Heavy Maintenance Company (FA) The 295th Ordnance Heavy Maintenance Company was a Field Army company of the United States Army from April 16, 1943, through January 1, 1946. Serving under the First United States Army, Second United States Army, Third United States Army, Seventh United States Army, and Ninth United States Army Army divisions, the company played an extremely impor...	162 Halifaxes, 147 Lancasters, and 12 Mosquitos of Nos 1, 4, 6 and 8 Groups attacked the Sterkrade/Holten synthetic-oil plant and bombed "on to the diminishing glow of the markers in the cloud. ... some bombs did fall in the plant area, but with little effect upon production."
1944-06-17/18	Scholven/Buer	4 Mosquitos targeted the Scholven/Buer oil plant
1944-06-18	Hamburg	Mission 421: B-17s bombed the oil refineries at Hamburg-Ebano (18), Hamburg-Eurotank (54), Hamburg-Ossag List of German companies by employees in 1938 This is a list of the largest companies of Nazi Germany by employees in 1938.... (38)', and Hamburg-Schindler (36).
1944-06-18	Hanover (Deurag-Nerag)	Mission 421: 88 B-17s bombed the Hannover-Misburg oil refinery.
1944-06-20	Hanover (Deurag-Nerag)	Deurag-Nerag crude oil refinery.
1944-06-20	Hamburg	Hamburg/Deut.Petr.AG (53), (60),Hamburg/Eurotank (107), Hamburg/Rhenania-Ossag List of German companies by employees in 1938 This is a list of the largest companies of Nazi Germany by employees in 1938.... (50), /Rhenania (53), Hamburg/Schliemanns (54), and Hamburg/Schindler (26).
1944-06-21	Ruhland Ruhland Ruhland is a town in the Oberspreewald-Lausitz district, in southern Brandenburg, Germany. It is situated on the river Schwarze Elster, 12 km southwest of Senftenberg.... -Schwarzheide Schwarzheide Schwarzheide is a town in the Oberspreewald-Lausitz district, in southern Brandenburg, Germany. It is situated on the river Schwarze Elster, 11 km southwest of Senftenberg, 110 km south of Berlin and 40 km north of Dresden....	Mission 428: 123 B-17s bombed the Ruhland synthetic-oil plant south of Berlin and an He 177 followed the force enroute to the Ukraine Shuttle bombing Shuttle bombing is a tactic where bombers fly from their home base to bomb a first target and continue to a different location where they are refuelled and rearmed.... . That night, Luftwaffe bombers dropped 110 tons of bombs, destroying or damaging 69 of 114 B-17s at Poltava Poltava File:Poltava 1850 Main Square.PNGFile:October Parc Poltava 1550.JPGPoltava is a city in central Ukraine. It is the Capital city of the Poltava Oblast , as well as the administrative center of the surrounding Poltavskyi Raion within the oblast.... , along with 200,000 gallons of aviation fuel plus 253 gallons of aviation oil.
1944-06-21/22	Wesseling Wesseling Wesseling is a city in Germany in the Rhein-Erft-Kreis, located 15 km south of Cologne city centre, and bordering it from south. The name Wesseling originates from the time were boats on the river rhine were still pulled by horses....	128 Lancasters and 6 Mosquitos of No 5 Group plus 5 No 1 Group Lancasters attacked the Wesseling synthetic-oil plant in 10/10ths low cloud (the reserve marking method, H2S, was used.) Production loss was 40%.
1944-06-21/22	Scholven/Buer	123 Lancasters and 9 Mosquitos of Nos 1, 5 and 8 Groups (124 aircraft from No 5 Group) attacked the synthetic-oil plant in cloud using Oboe skymarking. 20% production loss.
1944-06-22	Rouen Rouen Rouen is the historical capital city of Normandy, in northwestern France on the River Seine, and currently the capital of the Haute-Normandie r?gion in France....	Mission 432: 33 B-17s hit the Rouen oil depot.
1944-06-22		Mission 432: 101 B-24s hit an oil dump at Paris.
1944-06-22	France (Gennevilliers Gennevilliers Gennevilliers is a commune in France in the northwestern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located . from the Kilometre Zero.... )	The Standard Oil Standard Oil Standard Oil was a predominant United States integrated petroleum producing, transporting, refining, and marketing company. Established in 1870 as an Ohio Corporation, it was the largest oil refiner in the world and operated as a major company trust and was one of the world's first and largest multinational corporations until it was broken up... Gennevilliers plant, capable of producing 2200 metric tonnes per month, was bombed.
1944-06-22	supply	Erhard Milch Erhard Milch Erhard Milch was a Germany field marshal who oversaw the development of the Luftwaffe as part of the re-armament of Germany following World War I.... briefed Göring that the Ruhr Area Ruhr Area The Ruhr Area, is an urban area in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. With 4435 km? and a population of some 5.3 million, it is the largest urban agglomeration in Germany.... contained half the entire synthetic-fuel capacity and the entire June fighter production should be used for the Defense of the Reich Defense of the Reich The Defense of the Reich is the name given by the Luftwaffe to the strategic defensive aerial campaign fought by the Germany Luftwaffe over German occupied Europe and Nazi Germany itself during the Second World War.... .
1944-06-23	Rumania (Ploesti)
1944-06-24	Rumania (Ploesti)
1944-06-24	Bremen	Mission 438: 213 B-17s hit Bremen.
1944-06-25	France (Montbartier Montbartier Montbartier is a town and commune in France in the Tarn-et-Garonne d?partement in France of France, in the Midi-Pyr?n?es r?gion in France.... )	Mission 441: 64 B-17s hit the Montbartier oil depot
1944-06-25/26	Homberg Homberg There are several municipalities and communities that have the name Homberg:... /Meerbeck Meerbeck Meerbeck is a municipality in the district of Schaumburg, in Lower Saxony, Germany....	42 Mosquitos of No 8 Group bombed the at Homberg/Meerbeck.
1944-06-26	Poland (Drohobycz)	Mission 442: After being canceled on June 25 due to weather, 72 B-17s left Poltava and Mirgorod, USSR, joined with 55 P-51s from Piryatin, and bombed the marshalling yard and oil refinery at Drohobycz (1 returned to the USSR because of mechanical trouble). Fifteenth Air Force P-51s met the formation 1 hour after the attack and escorted the B-17s to Foggia Foggia Foggia is a city of Puglia, Italy, capital of the province of Foggia. Foggia is the main city of a plain called Tavoliere, also known as the "granary of Italy".... Italy; the B-17s were planned to transfer to UK bases on June 27 but bad weather delayed the move until July 5.
1944-06-26	Austria ViennaVienna (Moosbierbaum) Tulln (district) Bezirk Tulln is a Districts of Austria of the States of Austria of Lower Austria in Austria....	The 455th BG received a 2nd 455th Air Expeditionary Wing The 455th Air Expeditionary Wing is an air expeditionary Wing of the United States Air Force assigned to Bagram Air Base in Afghanistan. Most of the wing personnel are located at the Air Force Village known as Camp Jason D.... Distinguished Unit Citation for bombing the Moosbierbaum oil refinery.
1944-06-28	Paris/Dugny Dugny Dugny is a commune in France in the northeastern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located . from the Kilometre Zero.About a third of Le Bourget airport lies on the territory of the commune of Dugny, including its main terminal and the Mus?e de l'Air et de l'Espace ....	Mission 445: 18 B-17s hit the Dugny oil depot
1944-06-28	Rumania ( Bucharest Bombing of Bucharest in World War II The Airstrike of Bucharest in World War II consisted of operations by the Allies of World War II and Axis Powers at separate intervals in 1944.... )	The enemy has succeeded in increasing our losses of aviation gasoline up to 90 percent by June 22. Only through speedy recovery of damaged plants has it been possible to regain partly some of the terrible losses." (Speer letter to Hitler at end of June 1944) The Prohava Petrolul refinery was in Bucharest.
1944-06-28/29	Scholven/Buer	33 Mosquitos bombed Saarbrücken and 10 bombed the Scholven/Buer oil plant
1944-06-29	Böhlen	Mission 447: 81 B-17s bombed the Böhlen synthetic oil plant
1944-06-30	supply	As of June 22: "The enemy has succeeded in increasing our losses of aviation gasoline up to 90 percent" [down to 632 metric tonnes daily] ... "If we cannot manage to protect our hydrogenation factories and our refineries by all possible means, it will be impossible to get them back into working order from the state they are in now. If that happens, then by September we shall no longer be capable of covering the Wehrmacht's most urgent needs. In other words, from then on there will be a gap which will be impossible to fill and which will bring in its train inevitable tragic consequences." (Albert Speer Albert Speer Albert Speer was a Germany architect who was, for part of World War II, Minister of Armaments and War Production for the Nazi Germany. Speer was Adolf Hitler's chief architect before assuming ministerial office.... to Adolf Hitler Adolf Hitler Adolf Hitler was an Austrian-born Germany politician and the leader of the National Socialist German Workers Party , popularly known as the Nazi Party.... )
1944-06-30/07-01	Homberg	40 Mosquitos to Homberg oil plant
1944-07-02	Hungary (Budapest Budapest Budapest is the Capitals of Hungary of Hungary. As the largest city of Hungary, it serves as the country's principal political, cultural, commerce, Industry, and transportation center and is considered an important hub in Central Europe.... )	The 456th BG bombed the "previously-untouched" Shell Oil refinery 456th Bomb Group The 456th Bomb Group was an air combat unit of the United States Army Air Forces during the Second World War. A "USAAF bombardment group," the 456th operated B-24 Liberator aircraft and was known unofficially as "Steed's Flying Colts," after its commander.... at Budapest and earned its 2nd Distinguished Unit Citation. 31 aircraft bombed at mid-morning and were attacked three minutes after bomb release (before reassembly) by 50 Me-109s and 10 FW-190s of Luftwaffe gruppe JG 302 and Hungarian Air Force Hungarian Air Force The Hungarian Air Force is the air force branch of the Military of Hungary.... 101 Puma Group. The 744th Bomb Squadron lost 6 of 9 bombers in the target area and a seventh damaged beyond repair (36 KIA/MIA, 24 captured — the largest single-day loss for the group.)
1944-07-07	Leuna	Leuna bombing shut the plant down for 2 days. By July 19 production had risen to 53% of capacity.
1944-07-07		petroleum facility attacked 40 miles northwest of Auschwitz.
1944-07-08	Austria ViennaVienna	The 465th Bombardment Group bombed the Vienna oil refinery, earning a Distinguished Unit Citation
1944-07-09	Rumania (Ploesti)
1944-07-15	Rumania (Ploesti)
1944-07-17	supply
1944-07-19	^[Expand]	6 RAF Mosquitos on a diversionary raid bombed the Scholven/Buer and Wessling synthetic oil plants, railway junctions at Aulnoye and Revigny and a flying-bomb launching site at Acque.
1944-07-20	Leuna	Leuna bombing shut the plant down for 3 days, and production rose to 35% of capacity by July 27.
1944-07-28	Leuna	Attacks on July 28 & 29; August 24; September 11, 13, & 28; and October 7 kept Leuna closed down until October 14
1944-07	supply
1944-07	Rumania (Ploesti)	The 461st BG received a 2nd 461st Bombardment Wing The 461st Bombardment Wing was a Cold War bombardment unit of the United States Air Force Strategic Air Command. It was active between 1953 and 1968.... Distinguished Unit Citation for a July 1944 Ploesti bombing.
1944-08	Rumania (Ploesti)
1944-08	supply	to avoid losses".
1944-08-02	^[Expand]	Mission 510: Paris/Gennevilliers (51 B-17s), Paris/Dugny (38 B-17s), and Sens Sens Sens is a town and communes of France of France, in the Yonne Departments of France, of which it is a sous-pr?fecture, in the Bourgogne Regions of France.... (26 B-24s) bombed. Fifteenth Air Force B-17s hit Le Pouzin and Le Pontet oil storage facilities.
1944-08-03	^[Expand]	Mission 512: 106 B-17s hit the Merkwille Oil Refinery. Mission 513: 76 B-24s are dispatched to oil installations and dumps in the Brussels, Paris and Lille areas, 62 hit Brussels/Vivorde, 10 hit Ghent/Terneuzen and 1 hits a target of opportunity; 1 B-24 is damaged beyond repair and 49 damaged; 2 airmen are KIA. Escort is provided by 33 of 36 P-47s.
1944-08-04	Hemmingstedt Hemmingstedt Hemmingstedt is a Germany municipality that was the location of the Battle of Hemmingstedt in the year 1500, when a grand army of Hans of Denmark, king of the Kalmar Union, composed of Jutes, Holsteiners, and Dutch mercanery was defeated by the militia of the Farmers' Republic of Dithmarschen, led by brave Wulf Isebrand....	Mission 514: The Hemmingstedt/Heide Heide Heide is a town in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. It is the capital of the Kreis Dithmarschen. Population: 21,000.The German language word Heide means "heath".... oil refinery was bombed (Heide was a source of natural oil within Germany.)
1944-08-04	Bremen	50 B-17s bombed the Bremen Oslebshausen oil refinery.
1944-08-04	Hamburg	181 B-17s bombed Hamburg refineries.
1944-08-04	France (Bec-d'Ambes)	The Bec-d'Ambes refinery opened at the Garonne/Dordogne river junction in 1931 was bombed.
1944-08-04	France (Pauillac Pauillac Pauillac is a Communes of France in the Gironde Departments of France in Aquitaine in southwestern France.... )	The Pauillac oil store was bombed in clear conditions without encountering German fighters.
1944-08-06	Hemmingstedt	Mission 524: 23 B-17s bombed Hemmingstedt.
1944-08-06	Hamburg	Rhenania-Ossag List of German companies by employees in 1938 This is a list of the largest companies of Nazi Germany by employees in 1938.... (62), Hamburg/Schlieman (32), and Hamburg/Schulau (72 B-17s).
1944-08-06	Genshagen Ludwigsfelde Ludwigsfelde is a town in the north of the district Teltow-Fl?ming in Brandenburg....	Mission 524: 74 B-17s bombed Genshagen, 45 hit Berlin diesel factories.
1944-08-06	France (Le Pontet Le Pontet Le Pontet is the name of the following communes in France:* Le Pontet, Savoie, in the Savoie department* Le Pontet, Vaucluse, in the Vaucluse department... )	Le Pontet oil storage bombed in SE France.
1944-08-06	France (Le Pouzin Le Pouzin Le Pouzin is a Communes of the Ard?che department in the Ard?che Departments of France in southeastern France.... )	Le Pouzin oil storage bombed in SE France.
1944-08-06	France (Lyon Lyon \|\|-\|\|}Lyon, also known as Lyons in English, is a city in east-central France. Its name is pronounced in French language and Franco-Proven?al language, and or in English language.... )	Lyon oil storage bombed in SE France.
1944-08-07	Yugoslavia (Novi Sad Novi Sad Novi Sad is the capital city of the northern Subdivisions of Serbia of Vojvodina, and the administrative centre of the South Backa District.According to the 2002 Census, Novi Sad is Serbia's second city, after Belgrade, with around 300,000 inhabitants.... )	76 B-24s hit Alibunar Airfield and Novi Sad oil facilities in Yugoslavia.
1944-08-07	Poland (Blechhammer)	353 bombers attacked the synthetic oil refineries at Blechhammer South (B-17s) and North (B-24s); 300+ fighters provide support.
1944-08-07	Poland (Trzebina)	Mission 528: 55 B-17s and 29 P-51s attacked an oil refinery at Trzebina, Poland without loss; the aircraft return to Operation Frantic Operation Frantic Operation Frantic was a series of seven shuttle bombing List of air operations during the Battle of Europe conducted by American aircraft based in Britain or the Mediterranean which then landed at three American bases in the Soviet Union.... bases in the USSR.
1944-08-09	Yugoslavia (Brod Brod Brod is a common Slavic languages toponym, meaning ford . In English it is sometimes written Brood. It may refer to the following:In Bulgaria:... )	B-17s bomb an oil refinery at Brod, Yugoslavia.
1944-08-09	Hungary (Budapest)	B-24s bomb an oil refinery at Budapest, Hungary.
1944-08-10	France (Bec-d'Ambes)	215 RAF aircraft dropped over 500 bombs and largely destroyed the Bec d'Ambes refinery 15 miles from Bordeaux.
1944-08-10	France (La Pallice La Pallice (harbour) La Pallice is the industrial harbour of the city of La Rochelle, France. It is a commercial harbour in deep water, named after the French philosopher La Pallice.... )	The La Pallice refinery 30 miles from Bordeaux was destroyed.
1944-08-10	France (Gennevilliers)
1944-08-10	Zeitz Zeitz Zeitz is a town in the district of Burgenlandkreis in the south of Saxony-Anhalt, Germany, situated on the river Wei?e Elster in the middle of the triangle of the federal states Saxony-Anhalt, Thuringia and Saxony....	The BRABAG synthetic oil plant Schwarzheide Schwarzheide is a town in the Oberspreewald-Lausitz district, in southern Brandenburg, Germany. It is situated on the river Schwarze Elster, 11 km southwest of Senftenberg, 110 km south of Berlin and 40 km north of Dresden.... in Zeitz was bombed.
1944-08-10	Rumania (Ploesti)	450+ B-17s and B-24s bombed with fighter escort.
1944-08-14		Mission 552: attacked 1 oil plant
1944-08-15		Mission 556: 88 aircraft bombed.
1944-08-15	Magdeburg/Rothensee	Mission 556: .
1944-08-15	Rositz Rositz Rositz is a municipality in the district Altenburger Land, in Thuringia, Germany....	Mission 556: 105 aircraft bombed.
1944-08-15	Zeitz	Mission 556: 101 aircraft bombed.
1944-08-17	Rumania (Ploesti)	3 oil refineries and targets of opportunity bombed in the Ploesti area.
1944-08-18	Rumania (Ploesti)	370 fighter-escorted B-17s and B-24s, including the 456th Bomb Group 456th Bomb Group The 456th Bomb Group was an air combat unit of the United States Army Air Forces during the Second World War. A "USAAF bombardment group," the 456th operated B-24 Liberator aircraft and was known unofficially as "Steed's Flying Colts," after its commander.... , bomb 5 oil refineries around Ploesti.
1944-08-19	Rumania (Ploesti)	2 Ploesti area oil refineries were bombed.
1944-08-20	Poland (Oswiecim Oswiecim Oswiecim is a town in southern Poland with about 41,500 inhabitants , situated some west of Krak?w in the Lesser Poland Voivodeship since 1999, previously in Bielsko-Biala Voivodeship .... )	First of 3 raids on the IG Farben IG Farben I.G. Farbenindustrie AG was a Germany chemical industry Conglomerate . Its name is taken from Interessen-Gemeinschaft Farbenindustrie AG . The company was formed in 1925 from a number of major companies that had been working together closely since World War I.... synthetic oil and rubber plant near the Monowitz-Buna camp of Auschwitz that supplied slave labor to the plant: "It was the practice to brief bomber groups to steer clear of prisoner-of-war and concentration camps" (August 20 radar navigator-bombardier Milt Groban). ULTRA Ultra Ultra was the name used by the United Kingdom for intelligence resulting from decryption of encrypted Nazi Germany radio communications in World War II.... intercepts reported impressive oil bombing results: "for the first time, wehwirtshaflich raids, which might deal a really fatal blow to Germany, had begun" (Albert Speer Albert Speer Albert Speer was a Germany architect who was, for part of World War II, Minister of Armaments and War Production for the Nazi Germany. Speer was Adolf Hitler's chief architect before assuming ministerial office.... to the Japanese ambassador to Berlin). "This is a war of engines and octane, I drink to the American auto industry and the American oil industry." (Josef Stalin at a banquet honoring Churchill.)
1944-08-20	Poland (Czechowice)	Oil refinery at Czechowice bombed.
1944-08-20	Czechoslovakia (Dubová Dubova Dubova may refer to:Dubov? a village near Bratislava in western SlovakiaDubova, Ukraine, a village in Ukraine*Dubova, Mehedinti, a village in Romania... )	Oil refinery at Dubová bombed.
1944-08-22	Odertal
1944-08-22	Austria (Korneuburg Korneuburg Korneuburg is a town in Austria. It is located in the state Lower Austria and is the administrative center of the district of Korneuburg . Korneuburg is situated on the left bank of the Danube, opposite the city of Klosterneuburg, and is 12 km northwest of Vienna.... )	B-24s bombed the oil refinery at Korneuburg.
1944-08-22	Poland (Blechhammer)	B-24s bombed the oil refinery at Blechhammer.
1944-08-22	Austria ViennaVienna/Lobau Lobau The Lobau is a floodplain of the Danube located on the northern side of the river in Vienna and partly in Gro?-Enzersdorf, Lower Austria. Notably, it was the site of the Battle of Aspern-Essling in 1809, the first major defeat suffered by Napoleon I of France, which was inflicted on him by an Austrian Empire army led by Archduke Charles, Duk...	B-24s bombed the oil refinery at Lobau.
1944-08-23	Austria ViennaVienna (Vösendorf Vösendorf V?sendorf is a town in the district of M?dling in the Austrian state of Lower Austria.... )	472 B-24s and B-17s supported by P-51s and P-38s bomb the South industrial area of Vienna, the Wiener Neudorf Wiener Neudorf Wiener Neudorf is a town in the district of M?dling in the Austrian state of Lower Austria.... aircraft engine factory, the Vösendorf oil refinery, and Markersdorf Markersdorf Markersdorf is a municipality in the district G?rlitz , Saxony, Germany.... Airfield. The raid also attacked targets at Ferrara Ferrara Ferrara is a city in Emilia-Romagna, northern Italy, capital city of the Province of Ferrara.It is situated 50 km north-northeast of Bologna, on the Po di Volano, a branch channel of the main stream of the Po River, located 5 km north.... , Italy, missing a river bridge but hitting a synthetic rubber factory.
1944-08-24	Czechoslovakia (Brüx)	Mission 568: 139 B-17s hit Brüx
1944-08-24	Freital Freital Freital is a town in the S?chsische Schweiz-Osterzgebirge district, in the Free State of Saxony, Germany. It is situated on the small river Wei?eritz, 8 km southwest of Dresden....	Mission 568: 65 B-17s bomed Freital oil industry.
1944-08-24	Hanover (Deurag-Nerag)	Mission 568: 88 B-24s bombed the Misburg oil refinery
1944-08-24	Leuna	Mission 568: 185 B-17s bombed Leuna/Merseburg.
1944-08-24	Ruhland-Schwarzheide	Mission 568: 135 B-17s hit Ruhland.
1944-08-24	^[Expand]	3 oil refineries bombed at Kolín Kolín Kol?n is a town in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic some 55 kilometres east from Prague, lying on the Elbe river.... and Pardubice Pardubice Pardubice is the capital city of the Pardubice Region, Czech Republic, lying on the river Elbe, 65 miles east of Prague.The city was founded ca.... , Czechoslovakia—the 464th Bombardment Group earned a Distinguished Unit Citation for bombing the refinery at Pardubice. An additional Fanto facility at Budapest was a crude oil refinery.
1944-08-25	Pölitz	Mission 570: 169 B-17s bombed.
1944-08-26	Dülmen Dülmen D?lmen is a municipality in the district Coesfeld , North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany....	Mission 576: 73 B-24s bombed the Dülmen fuel dump.
1944-08-26	Emmerich	Mission 576: 36 B-24s bomb the Emmerich oil refinery.
1944-08-26	France (Saint-Gobain Saint-Gobain Saint-Gobain SA is a French multinational corporation, founded in 1665 in Paris and headquartered on the outskirts of Paris at La D?fense. Originally a mirror manufacturer, it now also produces a variety of construction and high-performance materials.... , Fournival Fournival Fournival is a Communes of France in the Oise Departments of France in northern France.... /Bois-de-Mont, Compiegne Compiègne Compi?gne is a Communes of France in the Oise Departments of France in northern France.The city is located along the Oise River. Its inhabitants are called Compi?gnois.... /Clairoix Clairoix Clairoix is a Communes of France in the Oise Departments of France in northern France....	IX Bomber Command, with fighter escort, bombed French fuel dumps at Saint-Gobain, Fournival/Bois-de-Mont, and Compiegne/Clairoix.
1944-08-26	Gelsenkirchen (Nordstern)	Mission 576: 85 B-17s bomb the Gelsenkirchen/Nordstern oil refinery.
1944-08-26	Ludwigshaven	Mission 576: 41 B-24s bomb the Ludwigshaven chemical works.
1944-08-26	Salzbergen Salzbergen Salzbergen is a municipality in the Emsland district, Lower Saxony, Germany. It is situated on the river Ems , approx. 25 km south of Lingen, and 10 km northwest of Rheine....	Mission 576: 71 B-24s bomb the Salzbergen oil refinery.
1944-08-26	Scholven/Buer	Mission 576: 89 B-17s bomb the Gelsenkirchen/Buer oil refinery.
1944-08-27	Poland (Blechhammer)	B-17s and B-24s hit an oil refinery in Blechhammer
1944-08-28	Austria ViennaVienna (Moosbierbaum)	B-17s hit Moosbierbaum oil refinery and adjacent chemical works.
1944-08-28	Hungary (Szony)	B-24s bombed an oil refinery at Szony.
1944-08-29	Czechoslovakia	bombed Czechoslovakia oil refineries including the Moravska-Ostrava oil refineries A minor Moravska Ostrava crude oil refinery was at Prwoz.
1944-09	^[Expand]	DisplayLink("http://books.google.com/books?id=_HkHU5RJJekC&pg=PA261", "(*)")
1944-09 (beginning)	supply
1944-09-14	Hemmingstedt	Both Operation Aphrodite Opération Aphrodite Op?ration Aphrodite is a French science fiction novel written by Henri Ren? Guieu, under the pseudonym Jimmy Guieu. It was written in 1955.... drones (B-17 30363, "Ruth L III", & B-17 39827) targeting the Hemmingstedt oil refinery missed due to poor weather conditions
1944-10-03	Wesseling
1944-10-06	Hamburg	Mission 667: 121 of 406 dispatched B-24s bomb the Harburg/Rhenania oil refinery.
1944-10-07	^[Expand]	Mission 669: 142 of 149 B-17s hit the oil refinery at Politz, 333 B-17s are dispatched to hit the oil refinery at Ruhland (59), 451 B-17s are dispatched to hit oil refineries at Merseburg/Leuna (129), Lutzendorf (88) and Bohlen (86); targets of opportunity are Bielefeld (51), Hameln (27) and Nordhausen Airfield (24), 489 B-24s are dispatched to hit an armored vehicle plant at Kassel/Henschel (122) and oil refineries at Kassel/Altenbauna (88), Magdeburg/Buckau (62) and Magdeburg/Rothensee (25).
1944-10-07	Austria ViennaVienna/Lobau Lobau The Lobau is a floodplain of the Danube located on the northern side of the river in Vienna and partly in Gro?-Enzersdorf, Lower Austria. Notably, it was the site of the Battle of Aspern-Essling in 1809, the first major defeat suffered by Napoleon I of France, which was inflicted on him by an Austrian Empire army led by Archduke Charles, Duk...	The Lobau oil refinery was bombed. On this date, the 741st Bombardment Squadron 741st Missile Squadron The United States Air Force's 741st Missile Squadron is an intercontinental ballistic missile unit located at Minot AFB, North Dakota.... flew over to hit an oil refinery.
1944-10-07	Austria ViennaVienna (Schwechat Schwechat Schwechat is a city on the south-eastern outskirts of the Austrian capital Vienna. It is mostly known for housing the city's Vienna International Airport, and for a brand of beer local to the city with the same name.... )	The Schwechat oil refinery was bombed.
1944-10-07	Austria ViennaVienna (Winterhafen)	The Winterhafen oil depot was bombed.
1944-10-11	Wesseling	Mission 672: 57 B-17s are dispatched to bomb the Wesseling synthetic oil plant.
1944-10-11	Poland (Blechhammer)	Blechhammer oil refinery(ies) bombed.
1944-10-11	Austria ViennaVienna/Floridsdorf	Vienna/Floridsdorf oil refinery bombed
1944-10-13	Poland (Blechhammer)	Blechhammer oil refinery(ies) bombed.
1944-10-13	Austria ViennaVienna/Floridsdorf	Vienna/Floridsdorf oil refinery bombed
1944-10-14	^[Expand]	Bad weather bombing of oil refineries at Blechhammer and Odertal, and several targets of opportunity including marshalling yards at Bratislava and Nove Zamky, Czechoslovakia
1944-10-15	^[Expand]	Mission 677: 369 B-24s are dispatched to hit oil facilities at Monheim/Rhenania (64) and Düsseldorf-Reisholz (61).
1944-10-16	^[Expand]	Nearly 600 B-17s and B-24s, with fighter escort, hit targets in Austria and Czechoslovakia; in Austria, they hit a tank factory, tank assembly plant, and aero engine works at Steyr, benzol (oil) plant and ordnance depot at Linz, plus alternate targets and targets of opportunity, including Graz, , Trieben, Linz, Graz, Villach, Salzburg, Klagenfurt, and Sankt Veit an der Glan; in Czechoslovakia, they hit the Brüx synthetic oil refinery and armament works in Plzen.
1944-10-17	^[Expand]	Mission 681: 1,338 bombers and 811 fighters are dispatched on PFF attacks in the Cologne, Germany area; 465 B-17s are dispatched to hit marshalling yards at Cologne/Eifeltor (216) and Cologne/Gremberg (34); targets of opportunity are Cologne/Kalk marshalling yard (151), 453 B-17s are dispatched to hit marshalling yards at Cologne/Gereon (295) and Cologne/Kalk (142), 430 B-24s are dispatched to hit a chemical plant at Leverkusen Leverkusen Leverkusen is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is located on the eastern bank of the Rhine, half way between Cologne and D?sseldorf.... but weather prevents the attack;
1944-10-17	^[Expand]	The oil refinery at Blechhammer South and the industrial area of Vienna, Austria were bombed, and a B-17 carried a photo crew to Ploesti.
1944-10-20	Czechoslovakia (Brüx)	Brüx oil refinery bombed.
1944-10-20	Regensburg	Oil storage at Regensburg bombed.
1944-10-23	Regensburg	Regensburg oil storage depot bombed.
1944-10-25	^[Expand]	Mission 688: 455 B-17s dispatched to hit the Harburg (221) and Rhenania oil refineries (214) at Hamburg. 297 B-17s dispatched to hit the primary hit secondaries, Harburg (179) and Rhenania oil refineries (106) at Hamburg. 131 B-17s are dispatched to hit synthetic oil targets at Gelsenkirchen/Nordstern (27). 142 B-24s are dispatched to hit synthetic oil targets at Scholven/Buer (91); 34 hit the secondary at Munster and 1 hits Gronua
1944-10-30	^[Expand]	Mission 693: 357 B-24s are dispatched to hit the Harburg oil refinery (72) and Rhenania oil refinery (67) at Hamburg; targets of opportunity are Hamburg (28), Cuxhaven (25), Wesermunde (21), Uetersen (9), Bremen (1). 459 B-17s dispatched to hit the Leuna oil refinery at Merseburg are recalled due to deteriorating weather.
1944-11-02	Leuna	700 US bombers escorted by 750 fighters attacked the Leuna synthetic oil plant - a record 700 Luftwaffe fighters countered and the new Me 262 shot down three bombers without loss. Leuna production was interrupted, but returned to 28% of capacity by November 20.
1944-11	Wanne-Eickel (Krupp Krupp The Krupp family, a prominent 400-year-old Germany dynasty from Essen, have become famous for their steel production and for their manufacture of ammunition and armaments.... )	Attacked by US Forces.
	Leuna	6 more heavy attacks on Leuna through December were "largely ineffective because of adverse weather"
1944-12-16	Czechoslovakia (Brüx)	The lead 741st BS 741st Missile Squadron The United States Air Force's 741st Missile Squadron is an intercontinental ballistic missile unit located at Minot AFB, North Dakota.... pilot bypassed the Brüx refinery target: "I'm not sure to this day that he wasn't right in avoiding that almost suicidal bomb run." (741st pilot George McGovern George McGovern George Stanley McGovern, is a former United States United States House of Representatives, United States Senate, and Democratic Party President of the United States nominee.... )
1944-12-17	Odertal
1944-12-21/22	Pölitz	207 Lancasters and 1 Mosquito of No. 5 Group RAF No. 5 Group RAF No. 5 Group was a Royal Air Force bomber Group of the Second World War, led during the latter part by Sir Ralph Cochrane. Cochrane was an advocate of precision low-level marking, and lobbied heavily to be allowed to prove himself, and that 5 Group could attempt targets and techniques that No.... attacked the Pölitz synthetic-oil refinery. Parts of the plant were damaged and the power-station chimneys collapsed.
1944-12-22	supply	"The most notable examples [of German technologies] are the new [Type XXI] submarines German Type XXI submarine Type XXI U-boats, also known as "Elektroboote", were the first submarines designed to operate entirely submerged, rather than as surface ships that could submerge as a temporary means to escape detection or launch an attack.... and [synthetic] fuels, rockets, and jet propulsion generally.…It is…production rather than invention, particularly of synthetic fuels, that is going to be Germany's main difficulty." (Reginald Victor Jones Reginald Victor Jones Reginald Victor Jones, Order of the Companions of Honour Order of the Bath CBE Royal Society, was an England physicist and scientific military intelligence expert who played an important role in the defence of Britain in World War II.... report to Winston Churchill Winston Churchill Sir Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill, Order of the Garter, Order of Merit, Order of the Companions of Honour, Territorial Decoration, Fellow of the Royal Society, Her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council, Queen's Privy Council for Canada was a Politics of the United Kingdom known chiefly for his leadership of the United King... )
1944-12-26	Poland (Oswiecim Oswiecim Oswiecim is a town in southern Poland with about 41,500 inhabitants , situated some west of Krak?w in the Lesser Poland Voivodeship since 1999, previously in Bielsko-Biala Voivodeship .... )
1944-12-28	^[Expand]	Attack on the Kralupy nad Vltavou, Kolín, and Pardubice oil refineries, as well as the Regensburg and Roudnice nad Labem Roudnice nad Labem Roudnice nad Labem is a small town on the river Labe. It has about 13 500 inhabitants on its 16,67 km?. The town is situated near the famous hill R?p, which is well known for its rich history connected with Praotec Cech.... oil storage facilities.
1945-01	supply	1945 The "Hungarian petroleum deposits and the nearby refineries [e.g. Szony & Almásfüzito Almásfüzito Alm?sf?zito is a village in Kom?rom-Esztergom county, Hungary.External links... ] are indispensable after [the] bombing of the German coal hydrogenation plants" (Adolf Hitler Adolf Hitler Adolf Hitler was an Austrian-born Germany politician and the leader of the National Socialist German Workers Party , popularly known as the Nazi Party.... ). By the end of the war, instead of taxiing under power (200 liters of J-2 fuel for 5 minutes) to the runway, Me 262 jet fighters were being towed by oxen to save fuel.
1945-01-31	Austria ViennaVienna (Moosbierbaum)
1945-02-01	Austria ViennaVienna (Moosbierbaum)	300+ B-17s and B-24s attacked the Moosbierbaum oil refinery.
1945-02-02/3	Wanne-Eickel (Krupp)	277 Halifaxes, 27 Lancasters, 19 Mosquitos of Nos 4, 6 and 8 Groups attacked the Wanne-Eickel oil refinery ( Most of the bombing hit open ground around the local Shamrock 3/4 coal mine.
1945-02-03	Magdeburg/Rothensee	Mission 817: 434 B-24s are dispatched to the Rothensee oil plant at Magdeburg (116); 246 hit a target of last resort, the marshalling yard at Magdeburg.
1945-02-05	Regensburg Regensburg Regensburg is a city in Bavaria, Germany, located at the confluence of the Danube and Regen River rivers, at the northernmost bend in the Danube....	730+ B-17s and B-24s bomb oil storage at Regensburg.
1945-02-04/5	Gelsenkirchen (Nordstern)	96 Halifaxes, 12 Lancasters, 12 Mosquitos of 4 and 8 Groups attacked the Nordstern synthetic-oil plant. Most of the bombs fell south of the target.
1945-02-07	^[Expand]	680 B-17s and B-24s bombed oil refineries at Moosbierbaum, Schwechat, and the Lobau, Floridsdorf, Korneuburg, and Kagran refineries in the Vienna, Austria area; oil storage at Pula Pula Pula is the largest city in Istria County, Croatia, situated at the southern tip of the Istria peninsula, with a population of 62,080 .Like the rest of the region, it is known for its mild climate, tame sea, and unspoiled nature.... , Yugoslavia; and the town of Bratislava, Czechoslovakia (site of the Apollo refinery). On a February 1945 741st BS 741st Missile Squadron The United States Air Force's 741st Missile Squadron is an intercontinental ballistic missile unit located at Minot AFB, North Dakota.... mission against Vienna, "Before reaching the target, a 'phantom' B-24 joined our formation.…The P-51s [of the Tuskegee Airmen Tuskegee Airmen The Tuskegee Airmen is the popular name of a group of African American pilots who flew with distinction during World War II as the 332nd Fighter Group of the United States Army Air Forces.... ] came in and over the radio…the German phantom pilot said he was from the 55th Wing and got lost. But the 55th Wing wasn't flying that day and the plane had no tail markings. The fighter pilot squadron leader gave him some bursts from his guns and warned the phantom to turn back. He added, 'You will be escorted.' The German pilot replied that he could make it alone. The P-51 pilot said: 'You are going to be escorted whether you want it or not. You're going to have two men on your tail all the way back and don't try to land in Yugoslavia.'…The phantom left with his escort and we heard nothing further from the event." ()
1945-02-07	Wanne-Eickel (Krupp)	100 Lancasters of No 3 Group attacked, but only 75 were able to bomb in the wintry conditions which scattered the force.
1945-02-07/8	Italy (Mestre Mestre Mestre is a town in Veneto, northern Italy, a frazione of the comune of Venice. Located on the mainland, together with the neighbouring Marghera, Chirignago, Favaro Veneto and Zelarino it includes c.... )	Twelfth Air Force fighters and fighter-bombers closely supporting US Fifth Army forces in the Serchio Serchio At 126 kilometres the Serchio is the third longest river in the Italian region of Tuscany, coming after the Arno River and the Ombrone . By mean rate of flow it is the second largest, following the Arno but preceding the Ombrone.... river valley destroyed an oil dump North of Mestre, Italy.
1945-02-08/9	Pölitz	475 Lancasters and 7 Mosquitos of Nos 1, 5 and 8 Groups attacked in 2 waves that caused severe damage, the first being marked and carried out entirely by the No 5 Group method and the second being marked by the Pathfinders of No 8 Group.
1945-02-08/9	Wanne-Eickel (Krupp)	200 Halifaxes, 20 Mosquitos, 8 Lancasters of Nos 4, 6 and 8 Groups conduct scattered bombing with only light damage to the oil refinery.
1945-02-08/9	Austria ViennaVienna (Moosbierbaum)	49 bombers hit the Moosbierbaum oil refinery.
1945-02-09	Lützendorf	Mission 824: 233 B-17s bombed the oil plants at Lützendorf.
1945-02-09	Magdeburg/Rothensee	Mission 824: 10 B-24s bombed the Magdeburg/Rothensee oil plant (10); 268 using H2X hit the secondary target, the Magdeburg marshalling yard.
1945-02-09	Dülmen	Mission 824: 107 of 152 B-17s bombed the Dülmen oil plants using Micro H.
1945-02-10	Dülmen	Mission 825: 140 B-17s hit the secondary target, the Dülmen oil storage depot, using Micro H.
1945-02-11	Dülmen	Mission 827: 124 of 127 B-24s attack the Dülmen oil depot using Micro H.
1945-02-13/14	^[Expand]	As diversion raids for the Operation Thunderclap Operation Thunderclap At the beginning of 1945 a series of heavy air raids was being considered on German cities by the British Air Ministry. The idea was that this would cause such confusion and consternation that the end of the war would be hastened.... Bombing of Dresden Bombing of Dresden in World War II The Bombing of Dresden by the British Royal Air Force and United States Army Air Force between 13 February and 15 February 1945, 12 weeks before the German Instrument of Surrender of the Armed Forces of Nazi Germany, remains one of the most controversial Allied actions of the World War II.... , 360 Lancasters Avro Lancaster The Avro Lancaster was a United Kingdom four-engine World War II bomber aircraft made initially by Avro for the British Royal Air Force . It first saw active service in 1942, and together with the Handley-Page Halifax it was one of the main heavy bombers of the RAF, the Royal Canadian Air Force and squadrons from other Commonwealth of Nations... and Halifaxes Handley Page Halifax The Handley Page Halifax was one of the United Kingdom front-line, four-engine heavy bombers of the Royal Air Force during the World War II. A contemporary of the famous Avro Lancaster, the Halifax remained in service until the end of the war, performing a variety of duties in addition to bombing.... bombed the Braunkohle-Benzin synthetic-oil plant at Böhlen from Dresden while de Havilland Mosquito De Havilland Mosquito The de Havilland Mosquito was a United Kingdom combat aircraft that excelled in a number of roles during the World War II. Originally conceived as an unarmed fast bomber, uses of the Mosquito included: low to medium altitude daytime tactical bomber, high altitude night bomber, Pathfinder , Day fighter or Night fighter fighter aircraft, fighte... s bombed Magdeburg Magdeburg Magdeburg , the Capital of the States of Germany of Saxony-Anhalt, Germany, lies on the Elbe River and was one of the most important medieval cities of Europe.... (71), Bonn Bonn Bonn is the 19th largest city in Germany. Located about 20 kilometres south of Cologne on the river Rhine in the Federal State of North Rhine-Westphalia, it was the Capital of Germany West Germany from 1949 to 1990 and the official seat of government of united Germany from 1990 to 1999.... (16), Misburg near Hannover (8), Nuremberg Nuremberg Nuremberg is a city in the Germany State of Bavaria, in the Regierungsbezirk of Middle Franconia. It is situated on the Pegnitz River river and the Rhine?Main?Danube Canal and is Franconia's largest city.... (8), and Dortmund (6).
1945-02-14	Dülmen	Mission 830: 35 hit the secondary, the Dülmen oil depot.
1945-02-14	Austria ViennaVienna/Floridsdorf	Vienna/Floridsdorf oil refinery bombed
1945-02-14	Austria ViennaVienna/Lobau	Vienna/Lobau oil refinery bombed
1945-02-14	Austria ViennaVienna (Moosbierbaum)	500+ B-24s, B-17s and P-38s bombed the Moosbierbaum oil refinery in the Vienna, Austria area.
1945-02-14	Austria ViennaVienna (Schwechat Schwechat Schwechat is a city on the south-eastern outskirts of the Austrian capital Vienna. It is mostly known for housing the city's Vienna International Airport, and for a brand of beer local to the city with the same name.... )	The Schwechat oil refinery in the Vienna, Austria area was bombed.
1945-02-14/15	Rositz Rositz Rositz is a municipality in the district Altenburger Land, in Thuringia, Germany....	Operation Thunderclap Operation Thunderclap At the beginning of 1945 a series of heavy air raids was being considered on German cities by the British Air Ministry. The idea was that this would cause such confusion and consternation that the end of the war would be hastened.... : 224 Lancasters and 8 Mosquitos of No 5 Group attacked the oil refinery in Rositz near Leipzig. 4 Lancasters were lost. Damage was caused to the southern part of the oil plant.
1945-02-15	Böhlen	Mission 832: Bombed the Böhlen oil facility.
1945-02-15		Mission 832: Bombed the Magdeburg oil facility(ies).
1945-02-15	Ruhland-Schwarzheide	Mission 832: Bombed the Ruhland oil facility.
1945-02-15	Austria (Korneuburg)	The Korneuburg oil refinery was bombed.
1945-02-16	^[Expand]	Harpenerweg oil refinery at Dortmund (78) and oil refineries at Nordstern (104) and Minsterstein (112); 46 B-24s hit the Salzbergen oil refinery.
1945-02-19	^[Expand]	Mission 835: 422 B-17s are sent to hit benzol Benzol Benzol may refer to:* Benzole* Benzene* British Benzol, which was one of the largest independent oil distributors in the UK. It went Administration on 16 August 2005... plants at Bochum (99) and Gelsenkirchen (36), oil refineries at Dortmund (74) and Alm Alm River Alm is a river in the Austrian state of Upper Austria.The Alm is a right tributary of the Traun River, which it meets near the City of Fischlham.... (37) using Micro H and H2X.
1945-02-20	Austria ViennaVienna (Schwechat Schwechat Schwechat is a city on the south-eastern outskirts of the Austrian capital Vienna. It is mostly known for housing the city's Vienna International Airport, and for a brand of beer local to the city with the same name.... )	Schwechat oil refinery bombed.
1945-02-20	Vienna/Lobau	The Lobau oil refinery and the Floridsdorf marshalling yard at Vienna were bombed.
1945-02-20/21	Düsseldorf-Reisholz Düsseldorf-Reisholz Reisholz is an urban borough of D?sseldorf. It is located in the south of the city, bordering D?sseldorf-Holthausen, D?sseldorf-Benrath and the river Rhine....	156 Halifaxes, 11 Mosquitos, 6 Lancasters of Nos 4 and 8 Groups attacked the Rhenania Ossag refinery in the Düsseldorf-Reisholz Düsseldorf-Reisholz Reisholz is an urban borough of D?sseldorf. It is located in the south of the city, bordering D?sseldorf-Holthausen, D?sseldorf-Benrath and the river Rhine.... district, halting all oil production. 4 Halifaxes and 1 Lancaster lost.
1945-02-21		Ninth Air Force hits an oil storage depot in Germany.
1945-02-22	Gelsenkirchen	85 Lancasters of No 3 Group bombed oil refineries at Gelsenkirchen. A film unit Lancaster of No. 463 Squadron RAF accompanied the force and the targets were accurately bombed in clear weather.
1945-02-22	Osterfeld Osterfeld Osterfeld is a town in the Burgenlandkreis district, in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. It is situated southeast of Naumburg. It is part of the Verwaltungsgemeinschaft Wethautal....	82 Lancasters of No 3 Group bombed oil refineries at Osterfeld. The target was accurately bombed in clear weather. No aircraft lost.
1945-02-24	Hamburg	Mission 845: 362 B-17s are sent to hit the Albrecht Albrecht Albrecht is a surname or given name of German origin and may refer to:... (278) and Harburg Harburg Harburg is a districts of Germany in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is bounded by the districts of L?neburg , Soltau-Fallingbostel, Rotenburg and Stade , by the City of Hamburg and the State of Schleswig-Holstein .... (70) oil refineries at Hamburg; 383 B-17s are sent to hit the Deschimag U-boat yards at Bremen (200) and the Bremen W rail bridge (134).
1945-02-24	Kamen Kamen Kamen is a town in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, in the district Unna ....	290 Halifaxes, 26 Lancasters, 24 Mosquitos of Nos 4, 6 and 8 Groups.bombed a synthetic-oil plant in Bergkamen Bergkamen Bergkamen is a town in the Unna , in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is situated near the river Lippe River, approx. north-east of Dortmund and south-west of Hamm.... , just north of Kamen using Oboe and H2S markers.
1945-02-25	Munich Munich Munich is the capital city of Bavaria, Germany. Munich is located on the River Isar north of the Northern Limestone Alps. Munich is the third largest city in Germany, after Berlin and Hamburg....	Mission 847: 377 B-17s are sent to hit the Maybach tank factory at Friedrichshaffen (63) using Gee-H, and the station and marshalling yard (73) and the marshalling yard and oil storage tanks at Munich (174); 368 B-24s are sent to hit the marshalling yard (115) and tank factory (54) at Aschaffenburg Aschaffenburg Aschaffenburg is a large town in northwest Bavaria, Germany. The town of Aschaffenburg is not considered part of the district of Aschaffenburg , but is the administrative seat.... .
1945-02-25	Kamen	153 Lancasters of No 3 Group carried out a G-H attack on the synthetic-oil refinery at Kamen.
1945-02-26	Dortmund Dortmund Dortmund is a city in Germany, located in the States of Germany of North Rhine-Westphalia, in the Ruhr area. Its population of 587,830 makes it the largest city in the region, 7th-largest in Germany, and 34th-largest in the European Union....	149 Lancasters of No 3 Group carried out a G-H attack on the Hoesch Hoesch Hoesch may refer toErica Hardwick, neo-Nazi activistHoesch AG, a former German manufacturer with steel and benzol-oil plants and now part of ThyssenKrupp after and the 1999 Krupp-Thyssen merger.... benzol-oil plant at Dortmund through cloud. No results were seen but the bombing appeared to be concentrated.
1945-02-27/28	Wilhelmshaven	Mission 851: 23 of 26 B-24s bomb Wilhelmshaven oil storage by PFF.
1945-02-28	Gelsenkirchen (Nordstern)	156 Lancasters of No 3 Group in a G-H raid on the Nordstern synthetic-oil plant.
1945-02-28	Frankfurt am Main	The Ninth Air Force attacked Frankfurt/Main oil storage tanks.
1945-02	supply	anyone using [German] fuel for purposes other than the immediate conduct of operation will be considered a saboteur and court-martialed without mercy" (military order).
1945-03-01	Austria ViennaVienna (Moosbierbaum)	22 P-38s bomb the Moosbierbaum refinery and Tulln marshalling yard (afterward 12 of them strafe the Wiener-Neustadt-Gloggnitz) rail lines.
1945-03-02	^[Expand]	Mission 859: 450 B-17s are sent to hit an oil plant at Böhlen (60), oil refinery at Rositz (36) and gun batteries at Böhlen (36); 255 hit the secondary target, Chemnitz; targets of opportunity are Penig (12), Saalfeld (13), Jocketa (12), Cologne (1). 321 B-24s are dispatched to hit the Rothensee oil plant (38) and Buckau tank factory (257) at Magdeburg. 455 B-17s are sent to hit the oil plant at Ruhland (24).
1945-03-07/8	Hamburg	Bomber Command attacked the Harburg oil refineries.
1945-03-07/8	Hemmingstedt	256 Halifaxes and 25 Lancasters of Nos 4, 6 and 8 Groups attempted to attack the Deutsche Erdöl-Aktiengesellschaft Deutsche Erdöl-Aktiengesellschaft Deutsche Erd?l-Aktiengesellschaft is the old name for a German oil producer and refiner, with operations in foreign countries.It is now part of RWE, and called RWE Dea.... oil refinery at Hemmingstedt Hemmingstedt Hemmingstedt is a Germany municipality that was the location of the Battle of Hemmingstedt in the year 1500, when a grand army of Hans of Denmark, king of the Kalmar Union, composed of Jutes, Holsteiners, and Dutch mercanery was defeated by the militia of the Farmers' Republic of Dithmarschen, led by brave Wulf Isebrand.... , near Heide Heide Heide is a town in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. It is the capital of the Kreis Dithmarschen. Population: 21,000.The German language word Heide means "heath".... , with little success.
1945-03-14	Austria ViennaVienna	During the briefing for bombing the Vienna oil refinery, the briefing officer told crews to avoid the St. Stephen's Cathedral, the Vienna State Opera Vienna State Opera The Vienna State Opera is an opera house - and opera company - with a history dating back to the mid 19th century. It is located in the centre of Vienna, Austria.... , the Schönbrunn Palace Schönbrunn Palace Sch?nbrunn Palace in Vienna is one of the most important cultural monuments in Austria and since the 1960s has also been one of the major tourist attractions in Vienna.... and other historic buildings and schools. Due to weather, the alternate target (Wiener Neustadt marshaling yards) was bombed.
1945-03-14	Hungary (Szony)	The Szony oil refineries was bombed.
1945-03-14	Hungary (Almásfüzito Almásfüzito Alm?sf?zito is a village in Kom?rom-Esztergom county, Hungary.External links... )	The Almásfüzito oil refinery was bombed.
1945-03-15	^[Expand]	109 B-17s bomb the oil refinery at Ruhland (the Fifteenth's deepest penetration into Germany). 103 others bomb the alternate target, the refinery at Kolin, Czechoslovakia. 470+ other bombers attack targets in Austria, including Moosbierbaum, Schwechat, and Vienna/Floridsdorf oil refineries, marshalling yards at Wiener-Neustadt,
1945-03-16	Austria ViennaVienna/Floridsdorf Floridsdorf Floridsdorf is the 21st districts of Vienna of Vienna, Austria .Floridsdorf is located in the northern part of Vienna.The District Office and the centre of Floridsdorf are located round Am Spitz, at the junction of Prager Stra?e and Br?nner Stra?e ....	The Vienna/Floridsdorf oil refinery was bombed.
1945-03-16	Austria ViennaVienna (Korneuburg)	The Korneuburg oil refinery was bombed.
1945-03-16	Austria ViennaVienna (Moosbierbaum)	The Moosbierbaum oil refinery was bombed.
1945-03-16	Austria ViennaVienna (Schwechat)	The Schwechat oil refinery was bombed.
1945-03-17	^[Expand]	Mission 892: 527 B-17s are sent to hit the oil refinery at Ruhland (214); 138 hit the secondary target, the Bittefeld oil refinery; 449 B-17s are dispatched to hit the oil refinery at Böhlen (152) and the oil refinery and power station at Molbis (127)
1945-03-20	Hamburg	Mission 898: 451 bombers and 355 fighters are dispatched to hit the shipyard and dock area at Hamburg and an oil refinery and 13 of 152 B-17s hit the Blohm & Voss U-boat yard at Hamburg.
1945-03-20	Hemmingstedt	Mission 898: 114 of 129 B-24s attack the oil refinery at Hemmingstedt.
1945-03-20	^[Expand]	In Austria, 760+ B-17s and B-24s, with fighter escort, hit the Korneuburg and Kagran oil refineries, the marshalling yards at Wels, Sankt Polten, Amstetten, Wiener-Neustadt, and Klagenfurt, and the tank works at Steyr.
1945-03-20/21	Hemmingstedt	166 Lancasters of Nos 1, 6 and 8 Groups attacked the Hemmingstedt oil refinery. 1 Lancaster lost
1945-03-21	^[Expand]	660+ B-24s and B-17s, with fighter escorts, bomb the Neuburg an der Donau Airfield, Germany, marshalling yards at Villach (2 yards), Klagenfurt, Graz and Bruck and der Mur, Austria, and Pragersko, Yugoslavia, 3 oil refineries and a goods depot at Vienna, Austria,
1945-03-22	Czechoslovakia (Kralupy nad Vltavou Kralupy nad Vltavou Kralupy nad Vltavou is a city in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has cca 18,000 inhabitants. The city lies on the Vltava River some 25 km north of Prague, the capital of both the Czech Republic and the Central Bohemian Region.... )	Kralupy oil refinery was bombed.
1945-03-22	Ruhland-Schwarzheide	The Ruhland oil refinery was bombed (some bombers dispatched to Ruhland bombed the Lauta Lauta Lauta is a town in the Bautzen , in the Free State of Saxony, Germany. It is situated 10 km west of Hoyerswerda, and 10 km southeast of Senftenberg.... aluminum works to the North).
1945-03-22	Austria ViennaVienna	2 Vienna oil refineries were bombed.
1945-03-23	Ruhland Ruhland Ruhland is a town in the Oberspreewald-Lausitz district, in southern Brandenburg, Germany. It is situated on the river Schwarze Elster, 12 km southwest of Senftenberg.... -Schwarzheide Schwarzheide Schwarzheide is a town in the Oberspreewald-Lausitz district, in southern Brandenburg, Germany. It is situated on the river Schwarze Elster, 11 km southwest of Senftenberg, 110 km south of Berlin and 40 km north of Dresden....	The Ruhland oil refinery was bombed.
1945-03-23	Austria ViennaVienna	Vienna oil refinery(ies) bombed.
1945-03-25		Mission 913: 1,009 bombers and 341 fighters are dispatched to hit seven oil plants and a tank factory in Germany; they claim 6-4-13 Luftwaffe aircraft; 4 B-24s and 1 P-51 are lost: 1. 272 B-24s are sent to hti the Ehmen (59), Hitzacker (127) and Bucken (57) oil depots.
1945-03-25	Zeitz	Mission 915: 185 B-17s are sent to hit the Zeitz synthetic oil plant.
1945-03-27	Bremen-Farge Farge Farge is a small port on the Weser River in the Bremen . Bombing of Bremen in World War II damaged Farge targets such as the Valentin submarine pens ....	115 Lancasters of No 5 Group successfully attacked an oil-storage depot (95 aircraft, delayed-action bombs) and a U-boat shelter (20 aircraft of No 617 Squadron) at Farge on the River Weser north of Bremen Bombing of Bremen in World War II The Bombing of Bremen in World War II by the Royal Air Force and the Eighth Air Force#United States Strategic Air Forces targeted Strategic bombing during World War II in the Bremen , which had heavy anti-aircraft artillery but only 35 fighter aircraft in the area.... .
1945-03-25	Erbach Erbach The German term Erbach may refer to:Erbach, Rhineland-PalatinateErbach an der Donau, town in Baden-W?rttemberg*Erbach im Odenwald, town in Hesse...	The Ninth Air Force bombed the Erbach, Germany, oil storage depot
1945-03-25	Neuenheerse Bad Driburg Bad Driburg is a town and spa in H?xter district in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, pleasantly situated on the Aa and the historic railway Soest-H?xter-Berlin....	The Ninth Air Force bombed the Neuenheerse, Germany, oil storage depot
1945-03-30	Ebenhausen Baar-Ebenhausen Baar-Ebenhausen is a Municipalities in Germany in the district of Pfaffenhofen in Bavaria in Germany....	The Ninth Air Force bombed the Bad Oeynhausen tank factory, the Munden ordnance depot, and the Ebenhausen oil depot in Germany.
1945-03-30	Hamburg	169 bombers attacked an oil depot at Hamburg.
1945-03-31	Bad Berka Bad Berka Bad Berka is a town in the Weimarer Land district, in Thuringia, Germany. It is situated on the river Ilm , 10 km southwest of Weimar, in spruce and beech forest....	Mission 920: 29 B-17s bombed the Bad Berka oil plant, a secondary target.
1945-03-31	Gotah	Mission 920: 20 B-17s bombed the Gotha oil plant, a secondary target.
1945-03-31	Zeitz	Mission 920: 229 B-17s bombed the synthetic oil refinery at Zeitz using H2X radar.
1945-04-25/26	Norway (Tønsberg Tønsberg is a List of cities in Norway and Municipalities of Norway in Vestfold Counties of Norway, Norway. The administrative centre of the municipality is the town of T?nsberg.... )	The last major WWII strategic raid by RAF Bomber Command destroyed the Tønsberg oil refinery RAF Bomber Command RAF Bomber Command was the organisation that controlled the Royal Air Force's bomber forces from 1936 to 1968. During World War II, the command destroyed a significant proportion of Nazi Germany's industries and many German cities, and in the 1960s, was at the peak of its postwar power with the V bombers and a supplemental force of English E... .^[1]
1945-04-26	Pölitz
1945-04	supply

Oil Campaign of World War II

Targets

Oil Plan

1941

1942

1943

1944

1945