Ogive

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Ogive

An ogive ("Oh-jive") is a curved shape, figure, or feature.

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Ballistics

Ballistics is the science of mechanics that deals with the flight, behavior, and effects of projectiles, especially bullets, gravity bombs, rockets, or the like; the science or art of designing and accelerating projectiles so as to achieve a desired performance....
or aerodynamics

Aerodynamics

Aerodynamics is a branch of Dynamics concerned with studying the motion of air, particularly when it interacts with a moving object. Aerodynamics is a subfield of fluid dynamics and gas dynamics, with much theory shared between them....
, an ogive is a pointed, curved surface mainly used to form the approximately streamlined nose of a bullet, projectile.

The traditional or secant

Secant

Secant is a term in mathematics. It comes from the Latin secare . It can refer to:* a secant line, in geometry* the Trigonometric functions#Reciprocal functions, reciprocal to the cosine....
ogive is a surface of revolution

Surface of revolution

A surface of revolution is a surface created by rotating a curve lying on some plane around a straight line that lies on the same plane.Examples of surfaces generated by a straight line are the cylinder and conical surfaces....
of the same curve that forms a Gothic arch

Gothic architecture

Gothic architecture is a style of architecture which flourished during the high and late Middle Ages. It evolved from Romanesque architecture and was succeeded by Renaissance architecture....
; that is, a circular arc, of greater radius

RADIUS

Remote Authentication Dial In User Service is a networking protocol that provides centralized access, authorization and accounting management for people or computers to connect and use a network service....
than the diameter of the cylindrical

Cylinder (geometry)

A cylinder is one of the most curvilinear basic geometric shapes: the surface formed by the points at a fixed distance from a given straight line, the axis of the cylinder....
section ("shank"), is drawn from the edge of the shank until it intercepts the axis.

If this arc is drawn so that it meets the shank at zero angle (that is, the distance of the centre of the arc from the axis, plus the radius of the shank, equals the radius of the arc), then it is called a tangent

Tangent

In geometry, the tangent line to a curve at a given Point is the straight line that "just touches" the curve at that point . As it passes through the point of tangency, the tangent line is "going in the same direction" as the curve, and in this sense it is the best straight-line approximation to the curve at that point....
ial or spitzer ogive.

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Encyclopedia

An ogive ("Oh-jive") is a curved shape, figure, or feature.

Applied physical science and engineering

In ballistics

Ballistics

Aerodynamics

Secant

Surface of revolution

Gothic architecture

RADIUS

Cylinder (geometry)

Tangent

Supersonic

The term supersonic is used to define a speed that is over the speed of sound . At a typical temperature like 21 ?C , the threshold value required for an object to be traveling at a supersonic speed is approximately 344 metre per second, ....
) rifle

Rifle

A rifle is a firearm designed to be fired from the shoulder, with a barrel that has a helical groove or pattern of grooves cut into the barrel walls....
bullets.

The sharpness of this ogive is expressed by the ratio of its radius to the diameter of the cylinder; a value of one half being a hemispherical

Sphere

A sphere is a symmetrical geometrical object. In non-mathematical usage, the term is used to refer either to a round ball or to its two-dimensional surface....
dome, and larger values being progressively more pointed. Values of 4 to 10 are commonly used in rifles, with 6 being the most common.

Another common ogive for bullets is the elliptical

Ellipse

In mathematics, an ellipse is the apparent shape of a circle viewed obliquely from outside it, as distinct from a hyperbola which is the shape seen from inside....
ogive. This is a curve very similar to the spitzer ogive, except that the circular arc is replaced by an ellipse defined in such a way that it meets the axis at exactly 90°. This gives a somewhat rounded nose regardless of the sharpness ratio. An elliptical ogive is normally described in terms of the ratio of the length of the ogive to the diameter of the shank. A ratio of one half would be, once again, a hemisphere. Values close to 1 are common in practice. Elliptical ogives are mainly used in pistol bullets.

Missiles and aircraft generally have much more complex ogives, such as the von Kármán ogive

Nose cone design

Given the problem of the aerodynamic design of the nose cone section of any vehicle or body meant to travel through a compressible fluid medium , an important problem is the determination of the nose cone geometrical shape for optimum performance....
.

Architecture

In Gothic architecture

Gothic architecture

Vault (architecture)

A Vault is an architecture term for an arched form used to provide a space with a ceiling or roof. The parts of a vault exert a thrust that require a counter Friction....
. An ogive or ogival arch is a pointed, "Gothic" arch

Arch

An arch is a structure that Span a space while supporting weight . Arches appeared as early as the 2nd millennium BC in Mesopotamian brick architecture, but their systematic use started with the Ancient Rome who were the first to apply the technique to a wide range of structures....
, drawn with compasses as outlined above, or with arcs of an ellipse as described. A very narrow, steeply pointed ogive arch is sometimes called a "lancet arch.". Villard de Honnecourt

Villard de Honnecourt

Villard de Honnecourt lived in 13th century France and may have been an itinerant Builder of Picardy in northern France. His fame rests entirely on his surviving portfolio of 33 sheets of parchment containing about 250 drawings from about the 1230s, which is in the Biblioth?que Nationale, Paris ....
, a 13th century itinerant master-builder of Picardy

Picardy

This article is about the historical French province. For other uses, see Picardy .Picardy is a historical province of France, in the north of France....
in the north of France, was the first writer to use the word ogive. The French term's origin is considered obscure by O.E.D.
Oxford English Dictionary

The Oxford English Dictionary , published by the Oxford University Press , is a comprehensive dictionary of the English language. Two fully-bound print editions of the OED have been published under its current name, in 1928 and 1989; as of December 2008 the dictionary's current editors have completed a quarter of the third edition....
; it might come from the Late Latin obvita, the feminine past participle of obvire, to resist, i.e. the arches resisting the downward force of the structure's mass.

In later Gothic styles, an ogival arch is a decorative arch delineating a void with a pointed head, formed of two ogee, or S-shaped curves.

Woodworking

In woodworking

Woodworking

Woodworking is the process of building, making or carving something using wood....
, an ogive is a type of curve a piece of wood can be shaped in. See also: ogee

Ogee

Ogee is a shape consisting of a wikt:concave Arc flowing into a wikt:convex arc, so forming an S-shaped curve with vertical ends. In architecture, an alternative name for ogee is cyma reversa; talon is also used....

Statistics

In statistics

Statistics

Statistics is a Mathematics pertaining to the collection, analysis, interpretation or explanation, and presentation of data. It also provides tools for prediction and forecasting based on data....
, an ogive is the curve of a cumulative distribution function

Cumulative distribution function

In probability theory and statistics, the cumulative distribution function or just distribution function, completely describes the probability distribution of a real-valued random variable X....
(which, for the normal distribution

Normal distribution

The normal distribution, also called the Gaussian distribution, is an important family of continuous probability distributions, applicable in many fields....
, resembles one side of an Arabesque

Arabesque

The arabesque is an elaborative application of repeating geometry forms that often echo the forms of plants and animals. Arabesques are an element of Islamic art usually found decorating the walls of mosques....
or ogival arch).

Geology

In glaciology

Glaciology

Glaciology is the study of glaciers, or more generally ice and natural phenomena that involve ice.Glaciology is an interdisciplinary earth science that integrates geophysics, geology, physical geography, geomorphology, climatology, meteorology, hydrology, biology, and ecology....
, ogives are three dimensional wave-bulges characteristic of glaciers that have experienced extreme underlying topographical change, observed as an ice fall. Forbes bands are light and dark bands that appear down glacier ogives, resulting from different ice densities due to the seasons.