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Offshore construction
 
 
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Offshore construction is the installation of structures and pipeline
Pipeline transport

Pipeline transport is the transportation of goods through a Pipe . Most commonly, liquid and gases are sent, but pneumatic tubes that transport solid capsules using compressed air have also been used....
s in a marine environment for the production and transmission of oil
Petroleum

Petroleum or crude oil is a naturally occurring, flammable liquid found in rock formations in the Earth consisting of a complex mixture of hydrocarbons of various molecular weights, plus other organic compounds....
 and gas
Gas

In physics, a gas is a state of matter, consisting of a collection of particles without a definite shape or volume that are in more or less random motion....
. Construction in the offshore environment is a dangerous activity and where possible the construction is modular in nature with the individual modules being assembled onshore
Onshore

Onshore is a term used in finance to denote the jurisdiction in which a company is domiciled and in which it pays a significant rate of tax. It is the opposite of Offshoring, which denotes a tax haven....
 and using a crane vessel
Crane vessel

A crane vessel, crane ship or floating crane is a ship that is specialized in lifting heavy loads. The largest crane vessels are often used for offshore construction....
 to lift the modules into place. Oil platform
Oil platform

An offshore platform, often referred to as an oil platform or oil rig, is a large structure used to house workers and machinery needed to drill wells in the ocean bed, extract Petroleum and/or natural gas, process the produced fluids, and ship them to shore....
s are key fixed installations from which drilling and production activity is carried out.






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Offshore construction is the installation of structures and pipeline
Pipeline transport

Pipeline transport is the transportation of goods through a Pipe . Most commonly, liquid and gases are sent, but pneumatic tubes that transport solid capsules using compressed air have also been used....
s in a marine environment for the production and transmission of oil
Petroleum

Petroleum or crude oil is a naturally occurring, flammable liquid found in rock formations in the Earth consisting of a complex mixture of hydrocarbons of various molecular weights, plus other organic compounds....
 and gas
Gas

In physics, a gas is a state of matter, consisting of a collection of particles without a definite shape or volume that are in more or less random motion....
. Construction in the offshore environment is a dangerous activity and where possible the construction is modular in nature with the individual modules being assembled onshore
Onshore

Onshore is a term used in finance to denote the jurisdiction in which a company is domiciled and in which it pays a significant rate of tax. It is the opposite of Offshoring, which denotes a tax haven....
 and using a crane vessel
Crane vessel

A crane vessel, crane ship or floating crane is a ship that is specialized in lifting heavy loads. The largest crane vessels are often used for offshore construction....
 to lift the modules into place. Oil platform
Oil platform

An offshore platform, often referred to as an oil platform or oil rig, is a large structure used to house workers and machinery needed to drill wells in the ocean bed, extract Petroleum and/or natural gas, process the produced fluids, and ship them to shore....
s are key fixed installations from which drilling and production activity is carried out. Drilling rig
Drilling rig

A drilling rig is a machine which creates holes and/or shafts in the ground. Drilling rigs can be massive structures housing equipment used to drill water wells, oil wells, or natural gas extraction wells or they can be small enough to be moved manually by one person....
s are either floating vessels for deeper water or jack-up designs which are a barge with liftable legs. Both of these types of vessel are constructed in marine yards but are often involved during the construction phase to pre-drill some production wells. Specialist floating hotel vessels known as flotel
Flotel

Flotel, a portmanteau of the terms buoyancy hotel, refers to the installation of dormitorys on top of rafts or semi-submersible platforms....
s are used to accommodate workers during the construction and hook-up
Hook-up

Hook-up or hook up has several meanings:*Making a connection, especially an electrical connection*An electrical connector*'Meet up.'**Slang term for courtship, especially of short duration...
 phases.

Other key factors in offshore construction are the weather window which defines periods of relatively light weather during which continuous construction or other offshore activity can take place. Safety
Safety

Safety is the state of being "safe" , the condition of being protected against physical, social, spiritual, financial, political, emotional, occupational, psychological, educational or other types or consequences of failure, damage, error, accidents, harm or any other event which could be considered non-desirable....
 is another key construction parameter, the main hazard obviously being a fall into the sea from which speedy recovery in cold waters is essential.

The main types of vessels used for pipe laying are the "Derrick Barge (DB)", the "Pipelay Barge (LB)" and the "Derrick/Lay Barge (DLB)" combination. Diving Bells in offshore construction are mainly used in water depths greater that 120ft, less than that, the divers use a metal basket driven from an "A" frame from the deck. The basket is lowered to the water level, then the divers enter the water from it to a maximum of 120ft. Bells can go to 1500ft, but are normally used at 400 to 800ft.

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