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The Odessa Committee, officially known as the Society for the Support of Jewish Farmers and Artisans in Syria
Syria

Syria , officially the Syrian Arab Republic , is an Arab-majority country in Southwest Asia, bordering Lebanon and the Mediterranean Sea to the west, Israel to the southwest, Jordan to the south, Iraq to the east, and Turkey to the north....
 and Eretz Israel, was a charitable
Charitable organization

The definition of charitable organization, and of charity, varies according to the country and in some instances the region of the country in which the charitable organization operates....
 Zionist
Zionism

Zionism is the international Jewish political movement that originally supported the reestablishment of a homeland for the Jewish People in Palestine....
 organization in the Russian Empire
Russian Empire

File:Russian Emperor Flag.jpgFile:Romanov Flag.svgThe Russian Empire was a state that existed from 1721 until the Russian Revolution of 1917....
.

The pogrom
Pogrom

A pogrom is a form of riot directed against a particular group, whether ethnic, religious, or other, and characterized by the killing and destruction of their homes, businesses, and religious centers....
s of 1881-1884 and the May Laws of 1882 gave impetus to mass emigration and political activism among Russian Jews. More than two million of them fled Russia between 1881 and 1920, the vast majority emigrating to the United States
United States

The United States of America is a Federal government constitutional republic comprising U.S. state and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its Contiguous United States and Washington, D.C., the Capital districts and territories, lie between the Pacific Ocean and Atlantic Oceans, Borders of the U...
.






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The Odessa Committee, officially known as the Society for the Support of Jewish Farmers and Artisans in Syria
Syria

Syria , officially the Syrian Arab Republic , is an Arab-majority country in Southwest Asia, bordering Lebanon and the Mediterranean Sea to the west, Israel to the southwest, Jordan to the south, Iraq to the east, and Turkey to the north....
 and Eretz Israel, was a charitable
Charitable organization

The definition of charitable organization, and of charity, varies according to the country and in some instances the region of the country in which the charitable organization operates....
 Zionist
Zionism

Zionism is the international Jewish political movement that originally supported the reestablishment of a homeland for the Jewish People in Palestine....
 organization in the Russian Empire
Russian Empire

File:Russian Emperor Flag.jpgFile:Romanov Flag.svgThe Russian Empire was a state that existed from 1721 until the Russian Revolution of 1917....
.

The pogrom
Pogrom

A pogrom is a form of riot directed against a particular group, whether ethnic, religious, or other, and characterized by the killing and destruction of their homes, businesses, and religious centers....
s of 1881-1884 and the May Laws of 1882 gave impetus to mass emigration and political activism among Russian Jews. More than two million of them fled Russia between 1881 and 1920, the vast majority emigrating to the United States
United States

The United States of America is a Federal government constitutional republic comprising U.S. state and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its Contiguous United States and Washington, D.C., the Capital districts and territories, lie between the Pacific Ocean and Atlantic Oceans, Borders of the U...
. The Tsarist government sporadically encouraged Jewish emigration. In 1882, members of Bilu
Bilu

Bilu The wave of pogroms of 1881-1884 and anti-Semitic "May Laws" of 1882 introduced by Tsar Alexander III of Russia prompted mass emigration of Jews from the Russian Empire....
 and Hovevei Zion
Hovevei Zion

Hovevei Zion , also known as Hibbat Zion , refers to organizations that are considered the forerunners and foundations of the modern Zionist movement....
 made what came to be known the First Aliyah
Aliyah

Aliyah refers to Jewish immigration to Greater Israel. The opposite action, Jewish emigration from Israel, is referred to as Yerida ....
 to Palestine
Palestine

Palestine is a name which has been widely used since Roman times to refer to the region between the Mediterranean Sea and the Jordan River. It is derived from a name used already much earlier for a narrower geographical region, mainly along the coastal region....
, then a part of the Ottoman Empire
Ottoman Empire

The Ottoman Empire , also known by its contemporaries as the Turkish Empire or Turkey , was an empire that lasted from 1299?1923. It was Treaty of Lausanne by the Republic of Turkey, which was officially proclaimed on October 29, 1923....
. These organizations were not official. In order to attain a legal recognition, a Jewish organization had to be registered as a charity. In 1890, the authorities approved the establishment of the "Society for the Support of Jewish Farmers and Artisans in Syria and Eretz Israel" based in Odessa
Odessa

Odessa or Odesa is the Capital of the Odessa Oblast located in southern Ukraine. The city is a major port located on the shore of the Black Sea and the fourth largest city in Ukraine with a population of 1,029,000 ....
 (now in Ukraine
Ukraine

Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It is bordered by Russia to the east; Belarus to the north; Poland, Slovakia, and Hungary to the west; Romania and Moldova to the southwest; and the Black Sea and Sea of Azov to the south....
) and headed by Leon Pinsker
Leon Pinsker

Leo Pinsker was a physician, a Zionist pioneer and activist, and the founder and leader of the Hovevei Zion, also known as Hibbat Zion movement....
 dedicated to practical aspects in establishing agricultural Jewish settlements in the Land of Israel.

It helped to establish Rehovot
Rehovot

Rehovot is a city in the Center District of Israel, about 20 kilometre south of Tel Aviv. According to the Israel Central Bureau of Statistics , at the end of 2007 the city had a total population of 106,200....
 and Hadera
Hadera

Hadera is a city located in the Haifa District of Israel approximately from the major cities of Tel Aviv and Haifa . The city is located along of the Israeli coastal plain....
 and rehabilitate Mishmar HaYarden
Mishmar HaYarden

Mishmar HaYarden is a moshav in the Upper Galilee in northern Israel. It belongs to the Mevo'ot HaHermon Regional Council. It is located on Highway 91 between Mahanayim and Gadot....
 in early 1890s.

Before the First Zionist Congress
First Zionist Congress

The First Zionist Congress is the name given to the congress held in Basel, Switzerland, from August 29 to August 31 1897. It was the first congress of the Zionist Organization ....
 in 1897 the Odessa Committee counted over 4,000 members. When the Zionist Organization was founded (1897), most of the Hovevei Zion societies joined it. The Odessa Committee continued to function until it was closed in 1913.

External links

  • at www.zionistarchives.org.il