Ochre

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Ochre

Ochre or Ocher (pronounced 'oh-ker', IPA //, from the Greek

Greek language

Greek is an Indo-European languages native to the southern Balkan peninsula, the language of the Greek people. It forms an independent branch within Indo-European....
?????, yellow) is a color

Color

Color or colour is the visual perception property corresponding in humans to the categories called red, yellow, blue and others....
, usually described as golden

Gold (color)

Gold, also called golden, is an orange -yellow color which is a representation of the color of the chemical element gold. Metallic gold, such as in paint, is often called goldtone or gold-tone....
-yellow

Yellow

Yellow is the color evoked by light that stimulates both the L and M cone cells of the retina about equally, but does not significantly stimulate the S cone cells; that is, light with much red and green but not very much blue....
or light yellow brown

Brown

Brown, when used as a general term, is a color that is a dark yellow, orange , or red, of low luminance relative to lighter or white colored objects....
.

painting

Painting

Painting is the practice of applying paint, pigment, color or other medium to a surface . In art, the term describes both the act and the result, which is called a painting....
pigment

Pigment

A pigment is a material that changes the color of light it Reflection as the result of selective color absorption. This physical process differs from fluorescence, phosphorescence, and other forms of luminescence, in which the material itself emits light....
, it exists in at least four forms:

For further information, see the articles on the individual ochres. They are found throughout the world in many shades.

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Ochre or Ocher (pronounced 'oh-ker', IPA //, from the Greek

Greek language

Greek is an Indo-European languages native to the southern Balkan peninsula, the language of the Greek people. It forms an independent branch within Indo-European....
?????, yellow) is a color

Color

Color or colour is the visual perception property corresponding in humans to the categories called red, yellow, blue and others....
, usually described as golden

Gold (color)

Yellow

Brown

Brown, when used as a general term, is a color that is a dark yellow, orange , or red, of low luminance relative to lighter or white colored objects....
.

Pigment

As a painting

Painting

Painting is the practice of applying paint, pigment, color or other medium to a surface . In art, the term describes both the act and the result, which is called a painting....
pigment

Pigment

Yellow ochre, Fe
Iron

Iron is a chemical element with the symbol Fe and atomic number 26. Iron is a Group 8 element and period 4 element. Iron is lustrous and silvery in color....
₂O
Oxygen

Oxygen no O2 produced; 2) O2 produced, but absorbed in oceans & seabed rock; 3) O2 starts to gas out of the oceans, but is absorbed by land surfaces and formation of ozone layer; 4-5) O2 sinks filled and the gas accumulates]]...
₃ • H
Hydrogen

Hydrogen is the chemical element with atomic number 1. It is represented by the chemical symbol H. At standard temperature and pressure, hydrogen is a colorless, odorless, nonmetallic, tasteless, highly combustion and explosive Diatomic molecule gas with the molecular formula H2....
₂O
Oxygen

Oxygen no O2 produced; 2) O2 produced, but absorbed in oceans & seabed rock; 3) O2 starts to gas out of the oceans, but is absorbed by land surfaces and formation of ozone layer; 4-5) O2 sinks filled and the gas accumulates]]...
, a hydrate
Hydrate

Hydrate is a term used in inorganic chemistry and organic chemistry to indicate that a substance contains water. The chemical state of the water varies widely between hydrates, some of which were so labeled before their chemical structure was understood....
d iron oxide
Iron oxide

Iron oxides are chemical compounds composed of iron and oxygen. Altogether, there are sixteen known iron oxides and oxyhydroxides....
Red ochre
Red ochre

Red ochre and yellow ochre are pigments made from naturally tinted clay. It has been used worldwide since prehistoric times. Chemically, it is hydrated iron oxide....
, Fe₂O₃, the anhydrate of yellow ochre, which turns red when heated, as this drives off the water ligands.
Purple ochre, identical to red ochre chemically but of a different hue caused by different light diffraction properties associated with a greater average particle size
Brown ochre (Goethite
Goethite

Goethite, named after the Germany polymath Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, is an iron bearing oxide mineral found in soil and other low-temperature environments....
), also partly hydrated iron oxide
Iron oxide

Iron oxides are chemical compounds composed of iron and oxygen. Altogether, there are sixteen known iron oxides and oxyhydroxides....
(rust
Rust

Rust is a general term for a series of iron oxides, usually red oxides, formed by the reaction of iron and oxygen in the presence of water or air moisture....
)

For further information, see the articles on the individual ochres. They are found throughout the world in many shades. Many sources consider the best brown ochre to come from Cyprus

Cyprus

Cyprus , officially the Republic of Cyprus , is an island country situated in the eastern Mediterranean Sea, east of Greece, west of Lebanon, Syria, and Israel, south of Turkey and north of Egypt....
, and the best yellow and red ochre from Roussillon

Roussillon, Vaucluse

Roussillon is a village in the region Provence in the south of France. The commune in France belongs to the district of Apt and is situated in the d?partement in France Vaucluse....
, France

France

France , officially the French Republic , is a country whose Metropolitan France is located in Western Europe and that also comprises various Overseas departments and territories of France....
. All have been used since prehistoric times, and are among the oldest pigments used.

Industry

When the mineral was found in Brixham

Brixham

Brixham is a small fishing town and civil parish in the county of Devon, in the south-west of England. Brixham is at the southern end of Torbay, across the bay from Torquay, and is a fishing port....
England

England

native_name =|conventional_long_name = England|common_name = England|image_flag = Flag of England.svg|image_coat = England COA.svg|symbol_type = Royal Coat of Arms...
, it became a very important part of the developing fishing industry. This gave the old fishing boats their "Red Sails in the Sunset

Red Sails in the Sunset

"Red Sails in the Sunset" can refer to:*Red Sails in the Sunset , a 1984 album by Midnight Oil*Red Sails in the Sunset , a popular song recorded by many artists...
", but the purpose was to protect the canvas from seawater, not to be picturesque. It was boiled in great caldrons, together with tar

Tar

Tar is modified resin produced from the wood and roots of pine by destructive distillation under pyrolysis. It is a viscosity black liquid. Production and trade in tar was a major contributor in the economies of Northern Europe and Colonial America....
, tallow

Tallow

Tallow is a rendering form of beef or mutton fat, processed from suet. It is solid at room temperature. Unlike suet, tallow can be stored for extended periods without the need for refrigeration to prevent decomposition, provided it is kept in an airtight container to prevent oxidation....
and oak bark

Oak

The term oak can be used as part of the common name of any of about 400 species of trees and shrubs in the genus Quercus , which are listed in the List of Quercus species, and some related genera, notably Lithocarpus....
, the last ingredient giving the name of barking yards to the places where the hot mixture was painted on to the sails, which were then hung up to dry.

Ochre

Pigment

Industry

See also

External links