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Occupation of the Gaza Strip by Egypt

 

 
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Occupation of the Gaza Strip by Egypt
 
 
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Occupation of the Gaza Strip
Gaza Strip

The Gaza Strip is a coastal strip of land along the Mediterranean Sea. It borders Egypt on the south-west and Israel on the south, east and north....
 by Egypt
Egypt

Egypt is a country mainly in North Africa, with the Sinai Peninsula forming a land bridge in Western Asia. Covering an area of about , Egypt borders the Mediterranean Sea to the north, the Gaza Strip and Israel to the northeast, the Red Sea to the east, Sudan to the south and Libya to the west....
 : 1947 - October 1956; March 1957 - June 1967.

rding to the United Nations
United Nations

The United Nations is an international organization whose stated aims are to facilitate cooperation in international law, international security, economic development, Social change, human rights and achieving world peace....
' 1947 UN Partition Plan
1947 UN Partition Plan

The United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine or s:United Nations General Assembly Resolution 181 was a plan adopted by a decision of the UN General Assembly on November 29, 1947....
, proposing a partition of the British Mandate of Palestine, the areas of the Gaza Strip
Gaza Strip

The Gaza Strip is a coastal strip of land along the Mediterranean Sea. It borders Egypt on the south-west and Israel on the south, east and north....
 and the West Bank
West Bank

The West Bank is the eastern Part of the Palestinian territories on the west bank of the River Jordan in the Middle East. To the west, north, and south the West Bank shares borders with the state of Israel....
 were to become part of a new Arab
Arab

An Arab is a person who Identity as such on linguistic or cultural grounds. The plural form, Arabs , refers to the Ethnocultural group at large....
 state.






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Encyclopedia


Un Partition Plan for Palestine 1947
Occupation of the Gaza Strip
Gaza Strip

The Gaza Strip is a coastal strip of land along the Mediterranean Sea. It borders Egypt on the south-west and Israel on the south, east and north....
 by Egypt
Egypt

Egypt is a country mainly in North Africa, with the Sinai Peninsula forming a land bridge in Western Asia. Covering an area of about , Egypt borders the Mediterranean Sea to the north, the Gaza Strip and Israel to the northeast, the Red Sea to the east, Sudan to the south and Libya to the west....
 : 1947 - October 1956; March 1957 - June 1967.

1948 and United Nations partition

According to the United Nations
United Nations

The United Nations is an international organization whose stated aims are to facilitate cooperation in international law, international security, economic development, Social change, human rights and achieving world peace....
' 1947 UN Partition Plan
1947 UN Partition Plan

The United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine or s:United Nations General Assembly Resolution 181 was a plan adopted by a decision of the UN General Assembly on November 29, 1947....
, proposing a partition of the British Mandate of Palestine, the areas of the Gaza Strip
Gaza Strip

The Gaza Strip is a coastal strip of land along the Mediterranean Sea. It borders Egypt on the south-west and Israel on the south, east and north....
 and the West Bank
West Bank

The West Bank is the eastern Part of the Palestinian territories on the west bank of the River Jordan in the Middle East. To the west, north, and south the West Bank shares borders with the state of Israel....
 were to become part of a new Arab
Arab

An Arab is a person who Identity as such on linguistic or cultural grounds. The plural form, Arabs , refers to the Ethnocultural group at large....
 state. However, the Arab members of the UN stated that the plan was unjust and contrary to the UN Charter, and that they would not abide by it, presaging the 1948 Arab-Israeli War
1948 Arab-Israeli War

The 1948 Arab-Israeli War, known by the Israelis predominantly as War of Independence and War of Liberation , and by Palestinians as the Catastrophe , was the first in a series of wars fought between the Declaration of Independence State of Israel and its Arab neighbours in the long-running Arab-Israeli conflict....
. (See also Proposals for a Palestinian state
Proposals for a Palestinian state

Proposals for a Palestinian state refer to the proposed establishment of an independent state for the Palestinian people in the Gaza Strip, which is currently controlled by the Hamas rump organization of the Palestinian National Authority, and the West Bank, which is administered by the Fatah faction of the Palestinian National Authority....
.) The "All-Palestine Government" was recognised by Egypt
Egypt

Egypt is a country mainly in North Africa, with the Sinai Peninsula forming a land bridge in Western Asia. Covering an area of about , Egypt borders the Mediterranean Sea to the north, the Gaza Strip and Israel to the northeast, the Red Sea to the east, Sudan to the south and Libya to the west....
, Syria
Syria

Syria , officially the Syrian Arab Republic , is an Arab-majority country in Southwest Asia, bordering Lebanon and the Mediterranean Sea to the west, Israel to the southwest, Jordan to the south, Iraq to the east, and Turkey to the north....
, Lebanon
Lebanon

Lebanon , officially the Republic of Lebanon or Lebanese Republic , is a country in Western Asia, on the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea....
, Iraq
Iraq

Iraq , officially the Republic of Iraq , is a country in Western Asia spanning most of the northwestern end of the Zagros Mountains, the eastern part of the Syrian Desert and the northern part of the Arabian Desert....
, Saudi Arabia
Saudi Arabia

The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, KSA , is an Arab country and the largest country of the Arabian Peninsula. It is bordered by Jordan on the northwest, Iraq on the north and northeast, Kuwait, Qatar, Bahrain, and the United Arab Emirates on the east, Oman on the southeast, and Yemen on the south....
, and Yemen
Yemen

Yemen , officially the Republic of Yemen is an Arab country located on the Arabian Peninsula in Southwest Asia. Yemen has an estimated population of more than 23 million people and is bordered by Saudi Arabia to the North, the Red Sea to the West, the Arabian Sea and Gulf of Aden to the South, and Oman to the east....
, but not by Jordan or any other country in the world. However, it was little more than a façade under Egyptian control and had negligible influence or funding. Palestinians living in the Gaza Strip or Egypt were issued with All-Palestine passports until 1959, when Gamal Abdul Nasser, president of Egypt, annulled the All-Palestine government by decree.

Egyptian control of the Gaza Strip was confirmed by the 1949 Armistice Agreements
1949 Armistice Agreements

The 1949 Armistice Agreements are a set of agreements signed during 1949 between Israel and neighboring Egypt, Lebanon, Jordan, and Syria. The agreements ended the official hostilities of the 1948 Arab-Israeli War, and established armistice lines between Israel and the Jordanian-held West Bank, also known as the Green Line . The United...
 between Israel and Egypt, signed on February 24. The main points were:

  • The armistice line was drawn along the international border (dating back to 1906) for the most part, except near the Mediterranean Sea
    Mediterranean Sea

    The Mediterranean Sea is a sea or Ocean off the Atlantic Ocean surrounded by the Mediterranean region and almost completely enclosed by land: on the north by Europe, on the south by Africa, and on the east by Asia....
    , where Egypt remained in control of a strip of land along the coast, which became known as the Gaza Strip.


  • The Egyptian forces besieged in the Faluja Pocket were allowed to return to Egypt with their weapons, and the area was handed over to Israel.


  • A zone on both sides of the border around Uja al-Hafeer (Nitzana
    Nitzana

    Nitzana may refer to:*Nitzana , a city of the ancient Nabataeans located in the Negev desert in Israel*Nitzana , a Communal settlement near the ruins of the Nabataean city...
    ) was to be demilitarized, and become the seat of the bilateral armistice committee.


King Farouk, General Naguib, and President Nasser

King Farouk of Egypt
Farouk of Egypt

Farouk I of Egypt ? , was the tenth ruler from the Muhammad Ali Dynasty and the penultimate King of Egypt of Egypt and Sudan, succeeding his father, Fuad I of Egypt, in 1936....
 was overthrown in 1952 by the Free Officers Movement
Free Officers Movement

In Egypt, the clandestine revolutionary Free Officers Movement was composed of young junior army officers committed to 1952 Revolution and its British advisors....
 led by General Muhammad Naguib
Muhammad Naguib

Muhammad Naguib was the first President of Egypt, serving from the declaration of the Republic of Egypt on June 18, 1953 to November 14 1954. Along with Gamal Abdel Nasser, he was the primary leader of the Egyptian Revolution of 1952, which ended the rule of the Muhammad Ali Dynasty in Egypt and Sudan....
. Gamal Abdel Nasser launched a coup d'état
Coup d'état

A coup d??tat , often simply called a coup, is the sudden unconstitutional overthrow of a government by a part of the state establishment – usually the military – to replace the branch of the stricken government, either with another civil government or with a military government....
 in 1954 and became prime minister and then president of Egypt. A strong supporter of pan-Arabism
Pan-Arabism

Pan-Arabism is a movement for unification among the peoples and countries of the Arab World, from the Atlantic Ocean to the Arabian Sea....
, he advocated a union of all Arab countries including Palestine, and called for this union not only as an end in itself but as a means towards what he saw as freeing Arab Palestine by defeating the State of Israel. In accordance with this ideology, he eliminated the legal fiction of the "All-Palestine" government in Gaza, and created the United Arab Republic
United Arab Republic

The United Arab Republic , often abbreviated as the U.A.R., was a union between Egypt and Syria. The union began in 1958 and existed until 1961 when Syria seceded from the union....
 together with his ally Syria.

The 1956 Suez War


From 1955 to 1956, Egypt took an increasingly hostile attitude towards Israel. Hundreds of Israelis were killed in Fedayeen attacks from (Egyptian occupied) Gaza into Israeli territory.

Then, in 1956, Egypt blockaded the Gulf of Aqaba, assumed national control of the Suez canal, and blocked it to Israeli shipping -- both threatening the young State of Israel and violating the Suez Canal Convention of 1888. France and the United Kingdom supported Israel in its determination that the canal should remain open to all nations as per the Convention.

On October 29, 1956, Israel invaded the Gaza Strip and Sinai Peninsula initiating the 1956 Suez War. International pressure led by the United States
United States

The United States of America is a Federal government constitutional republic comprising U.S. state and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its Contiguous United States and Washington, D.C., the Capital districts and territories, lie between the Pacific Ocean and Atlantic Oceans, Borders of the U...
 forced Israeli withdrawal, first from the Sinai, and eventually from Gaza, but Israel was guaranteed freedom of access to the Red Sea and the Suez Canal and action to end attacks from Gaza.

In 1964, with Nasser's support, the PLO was established, led by Ahmed Shukeiri. Yassir Arafat became a prominent figure in the PLO, and eventually became its leader in 1969.

Six Day War

On June 5, 1967, in an overheated political atmosphere, weeks after Egypt blockaded the Straits of Tiran
Straits of Tiran

The Straits of Tiran , are the narrow sea passages, about 13 km wide, between the Sinai peninsula and Arabian Peninsula peninsulas which separates the Gulf of Aqaba from the Red Sea....
 and cut off Israeli shipping, Israel launched a preemptive attack against Egypt, beginning the Six Day War. It rapidly defeated the surrounding Arab states and took control of, among other areas, the Gaza Strip. International pressure mounted on Israel to withdraw from the territories. On November 22, 1967, the UN Security Council adopted UN Security Council Resolution 242, the "land for peace" formula, which called for Israeli withdrawal from territories it captured in 1967 in return for peace with its Arab neighbors.

Egypt-Israel peace

In 1978, Israel and Egypt signed the historic Camp David Accords (1978) which brought an official end to the strife between them. The second part of the accords was a framework for the establishment of an autonomous regime in the West Bank and the Gaza Strip. Egypt thus signaled an end to any ambitions to control the Gaza Strip itself; from then on, the Gaza Strip's status would be discussed as part of the more general issue of proposals for a Palestinian state.

See also

  • List of military occupations
    List of military occupations

    In most wars, some territory is placed under the martial law of a hostile army. Most belligerent military occupations end with the cessation of hostilities....
  • Belligerent occupation
  • Military rule
    Military rule

    Military rule may mean:* Militarism or militarist ideology - the ideology of government as best served when under military control* Military occupation, when a country or area is occupied after invasion....
  • Occupation of the West Bank and East Jerusalem by Jordan


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