Ozone or trioxygen is a simple triatomic molecule, consisting of three oxygen atoms. It is an allotrope of oxygen that is much less stable than the diatomic O
2.
Obóz Zjednoczenia Narodowego ' onMouseout='HidePop("21653")' href="http://www.absoluteastronomy.com/topics/Ozone">ozone
Ozone or trioxygen is a simple triatomic molecule, consisting of three oxygen atoms. It is an allotrope of oxygen that is much less stable than the diatomic O
2. Ground-level ozone is an air pollutant with harmful effects on the respiratory systems of animals...
") was a
PolishPoland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe . Poland is bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north...
political partyA political party is a political organization that seeks to attain and maintain political power within government, usually by participating in electoral campaigns...
founded in 1937 by leaders in the
SanationSanacja was a coalition political movement in the interwar Second Polish Republic. It was created in 1926 by Józef Piłsudski as a broad movement to support the "moral sanation" of the Polish body politic before and after the May 1926 Coup d'État that brought Piłsudski to virtually dictatorial...
movement.
A year after the 1935 death of Polish dictator
MarshalMarshal of Poland is the highest rank in the Polish Army. It has been granted to only six officers. At present, this rank is equivalent to a Field Marshal or General of the Army in other NATO armies....
Józef Piłsudski, in mid-1936, one of his followers,
MarshalMarshal of Poland is the highest rank in the Polish Army. It has been granted to only six officers. At present, this rank is equivalent to a Field Marshal or General of the Army in other NATO armies....
Edward Rydz-Śmigły, attempted to unite the various
SanationSanacja was a coalition political movement in the interwar Second Polish Republic. It was created in 1926 by Józef Piłsudski as a broad movement to support the "moral sanation" of the Polish body politic before and after the May 1926 Coup d'État that brought Piłsudski to virtually dictatorial...
factions under his leadership. He failed in this, since another Sanation politician, President
Ignacy MościckiIgnacy Mościcki was a Polish politician and chemist, President of Poland . He is the longest-serving President of Poland, spending 13 years in office .-Life:...
, likewise had a large following; nevertheless, substantial numbers did throw their lot in with Rydz-Śmigły.
On February 21, 1937, diplomat and Colonel
Adam KocAdam Koc was a Polish politician, soldier and journalist....
formally announced the formation of
OZN. Its stated aims were to improve Poland's
national defenseNational defense may refer to:*National security, a nation's use of military, economic and political power to maintain survival; see also Defense *National missile defense, a military strategy to shield a country from missiles...
and to safeguard the April 1935 Constitution.
OZN was strongly pro-
militaryA military is an organization authorized by its nation to use force, usually including use of weapons, in defending its country by combating actual or perceived threats. As an adjective the term "military" is also used to refer to any property or aspect of a military...
, and its politicians sought to portray Marshal Rydz-Śmigły as Marshal Józef Piłsudski's heir, describing Rydz-Śmigły as the "second person in the country" after President Mościcki—a claim that had no foundation in the Polish Constitution.
OZNs first official leader was Adam Koc, and its second was General Stanisław Skwarczyński. After the 1939 German invasion of PolandThe Invasion of Poland, also known as the September Campaign or 1939 Defensive War in Poland and the Poland Campaign in Germany, was an invasion of Poland by Nazi Germany, the Soviet Union, and a small Slovak contingent that marked the start of World War II...
and the start of World War IIWorld War II, or the Second World War , was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including all great powers, organized into two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...
, OZN
leadership passed to Colonel Zygmunt Wenda.
In 1937, OZN
had some 40,000–50,000 members; in 1938, some 100,000.
During World War II, OZNs military arm, created in 1942, was known as
Obóz Polski WalczącejObóz Polski Walczącej was a minor part of the Polish resistance movement in World War II. Created in 1942-44 and centered in Warsaw, its members were mostly composed of the former political party, Obóz Zjednoczenia Narodowego , part of the Sanacja movement...
(the Camp of Fighting Poland).
See also
- Nonpartisan Bloc for Cooperation with the Government (Bezpartyjny Blok Współpracy z Rządem, BBWR)
- National Radical Camp (Obóz Narodowo-Radykalny, ONR)