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Nymphaeales is a botanical name
Botanical name

A botanical name is a formal scientific name conforming to the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature and, if the plant is a cultigen, the additional cultivar and/or Group epithets must conform to the International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants....
 at the rank of order
Order (biology)

In Biological classification used in biology, the order is a taxonomic rank between class and family . The superorder is a rank between class and order....
. When recognized, it includes water lilies
Nymphaeaceae

Nymphaeaceae is a name for a family of flowering plants. Members of this family are commonly called water lilies and live in freshwater areas in temperate and Tropics around the world....
 and sometimes other aquatic plant
Aquatic plant

Aquatic plants — also called hydrophytic plants or hydrophytes — are plants that have adapted to living in or on aquatic environments....
s. This order is not part of the APG II system's
APG II system

A modern list of systems of plant taxonomy, the APG II system of plant classification was published in 2003 by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group, APG, in...
 2003 plant classification (unchanged from the APG system
APG system

A modern list of systems of plant taxonomy, the APG system of plant classification was published in 1998 by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group. The system is unusual in being based, not on total evidence, but on the cladistics analysis of the DNA sequences of three genes, two chloroplast genes and one gene coding for ribosomes....
 of 1998), which instead has a broadly circumscribed family Nymphaeaceae
Nymphaeaceae

Nymphaeaceae is a name for a family of flowering plants. Members of this family are commonly called water lilies and live in freshwater areas in temperate and Tropics around the world....
 (including Cabombaceae
Cabombaceae

Cabombaceae is the botanical name of a family of flowering plants. The family has been recognised by at least some taxonomists. The family consists of two genera of aquatic plants, , totalling half-a-dozen species....
) unplaced in any order. It is recognized by some systems of plant taxonomy
List of systems of plant taxonomy

This list of systems of plant taxonomy presents ?taxonomic systems? used in plant classification.A wiktionary:taxonomic system is a coherent whole of alpha taxonomy judgements on circumscription and placement of the considered taxa....
, but others use different placements for the families in this order. In particular some plant systematists using the APG II system now use this order and circumscribe it to include the Nymphaeaceae
Nymphaeaceae

Nymphaeaceae is a name for a family of flowering plants. Members of this family are commonly called water lilies and live in freshwater areas in temperate and Tropics around the world....
 and Cabombaceae
Cabombaceae

Cabombaceae is the botanical name of a family of flowering plants. The family has been recognised by at least some taxonomists. The family consists of two genera of aquatic plants, , totalling half-a-dozen species....
.






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Nymphaeales is a botanical name
Botanical name

A botanical name is a formal scientific name conforming to the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature and, if the plant is a cultigen, the additional cultivar and/or Group epithets must conform to the International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants....
 at the rank of order
Order (biology)

In Biological classification used in biology, the order is a taxonomic rank between class and family . The superorder is a rank between class and order....
. When recognized, it includes water lilies
Nymphaeaceae

Nymphaeaceae is a name for a family of flowering plants. Members of this family are commonly called water lilies and live in freshwater areas in temperate and Tropics around the world....
 and sometimes other aquatic plant
Aquatic plant

Aquatic plants — also called hydrophytic plants or hydrophytes — are plants that have adapted to living in or on aquatic environments....
s. This order is not part of the APG II system's
APG II system

A modern list of systems of plant taxonomy, the APG II system of plant classification was published in 2003 by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group, APG, in...
 2003 plant classification (unchanged from the APG system
APG system

A modern list of systems of plant taxonomy, the APG system of plant classification was published in 1998 by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group. The system is unusual in being based, not on total evidence, but on the cladistics analysis of the DNA sequences of three genes, two chloroplast genes and one gene coding for ribosomes....
 of 1998), which instead has a broadly circumscribed family Nymphaeaceae
Nymphaeaceae

Nymphaeaceae is a name for a family of flowering plants. Members of this family are commonly called water lilies and live in freshwater areas in temperate and Tropics around the world....
 (including Cabombaceae
Cabombaceae

Cabombaceae is the botanical name of a family of flowering plants. The family has been recognised by at least some taxonomists. The family consists of two genera of aquatic plants, , totalling half-a-dozen species....
) unplaced in any order. It is recognized by some systems of plant taxonomy
List of systems of plant taxonomy

This list of systems of plant taxonomy presents ?taxonomic systems? used in plant classification.A wiktionary:taxonomic system is a coherent whole of alpha taxonomy judgements on circumscription and placement of the considered taxa....
, but others use different placements for the families in this order. In particular some plant systematists using the APG II system now use this order and circumscribe it to include the Nymphaeaceae
Nymphaeaceae

Nymphaeaceae is a name for a family of flowering plants. Members of this family are commonly called water lilies and live in freshwater areas in temperate and Tropics around the world....
 and Cabombaceae
Cabombaceae

Cabombaceae is the botanical name of a family of flowering plants. The family has been recognised by at least some taxonomists. The family consists of two genera of aquatic plants, , totalling half-a-dozen species....
. A 2007 study has found that Hydatellaceae
Hydatellaceae

Hydatellaceae is the botanical name for a family of flowering plants containing the genus Trithuria, which has been recently re-classified to include the genus Hydatella....
 also belongs to this group.

This order is considered to be a basal, or early diverging, group of angiosperms. The families of this order are united by being families of aquatic herbs and are known from the fossil record as early as the Lower Cretaceous.

Fossils

The fossil record consists especially of seeds, and also pollen, stems, leaves, and flowers. It extends back to the Cretaceous
Cretaceous

The Cretaceous , usually abbreviated K for its German translation Kreide, is a geologic period from circa to million years ago . In the geologic timescale, the Cretaceous follows on the Jurassic period and is followed by the Paleogene period....
.

It is possible that the aquatic plant fossil Archaefructus
Archaefructus

Archaefructus is an extinction genus of herbaceous aquatic seed plants with 3 known species. Fossil material assigned to this genus originates from the Yixian Formation in northeastern China, originally dated as late Jurassic but now thought to be approximately 125 million years old, or early Cretaceous in age....
 belongs to this group.

Classification


The current phylogenetic placement (based on the APG II system
APG II system

A modern list of systems of plant taxonomy, the APG II system of plant classification was published in 2003 by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group, APG, in...
, with subsequent revisions) is:

The family Cambombaceae is included within the Nymphaeaceae in the APG II system, but may optionally be recognized separately.

Cronquist
The Cronquist system
Cronquist system

A list of systems of plant taxonomy, the Cronquist system is a scheme for the classification of flowering plants . This system was developed by Arthur Cronquist in his texts An Integrated System of Classification of Flowering Plants and The Evolution and Classification of Flowering Plants ....
, of 1981, placed it in subclass Magnoliidae
Magnoliidae

Magnoliidae are a group of about 9,000 species of flowering plants, including magnolias, nutmeg, bay laurel, cinnamon, avocado, black pepper, and many others....
, in class Magnoliopsida
Magnoliopsida

Magnoliopsida is a valid botanical name for a class of flowering plants. By definition the class will include the family Magnoliaceae, but its wiktionary:circumscription can otherwise vary, being more inclusive or less inclusive depending upon the classification system being discussed....
 [=dicotyledons] of division Magnoliophyta [=angiosperms]. It used this circumscription:
  • order Nymphaeales
  • family Nelumbonaceae
  • family Nymphaeaceae
    Nymphaeaceae

    Nymphaeaceae is a name for a family of flowering plants. Members of this family are commonly called water lilies and live in freshwater areas in temperate and Tropics around the world....
  • family Barclayaceae
  • family Cabombaceae
    Cabombaceae

    Cabombaceae is the botanical name of a family of flowering plants. The family has been recognised by at least some taxonomists. The family consists of two genera of aquatic plants, , totalling half-a-dozen species....
  • family Ceratophyllaceae

Thorne (1992)
The Thorne system (1992)
Thorne system (1992)

A modern list of systems of plant taxonomy, the Thorne system of plant classification was drawn up by the botanist Robert Folger Thorne . He replaced it in 2000 with a new system....
 placed it in superorder Nymphaeanae in subclass Magnoliideae [=dicotyledons] in class Magnoliopsida [=angiosperms]. It used this circumscription:
  • order Nymphaeales
  • family Cabombaceae
  • family Nymphaeaceae

Dahlgren
The Dahlgren system
Dahlgren system

One of the modern list of systems of plant taxonomy, the Dahlgren system was published by monocotyledons specialist Rolf Martin Theodor Dahlgren....
 placed it in superorder Nymphaeanae, in subclass Magnoliideae [=dicotyledons], in class Magnoliopsida [=angiosperms]. It used this circumscription:
  • order Nymphaeales
  • family Cabombaceae
  • family Nymphaeaceae
  • family Ceratophyllaceae