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Noyon
 
 
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For another meaning, see Noyan
Noyan

Noyan, noyon was a title of authority in the Mongol Empire and later periods. In modern Mongolian the word is used as a form of addressing similar to "Mr." or "monsieur"....


Noyon (Latin
Latin

Latin is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. Through the Military history of the Roman Empire, Latin spread throughout the Mediterranean and a large part of Europe....
: Noviomagus Veromanduorum) is a commune
Communes of France

The commune is the lowest level of administrative divisions in the France. The French word commune appeared in the 12th century, from Medieval Latin Medieval commune, meaning a small gathering of people sharing a common life, from Latin communis, things held in common....
 in the Oise
Oise

Oise is a departments of France in the north of France named after the Oise River....
 department in northern France
France

France , officially the French Republic , is a country whose Metropolitan France is located in Western Europe and that also comprises various Overseas departments and territories of France....
.

It lies on the Oise Canal, approximately 60 miles north of Paris
Paris

Paris is the Capital of France and the country's largest city. It is situated on the river Seine, in northern France, at the heart of the ?le-de-France Regions of France ....
.

Romans founded the town as Noviomagus. Sometimes, it is said Veromanduorum to distinguish it from numerous other places of the same name, but it has never been found in roman sources.






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For another meaning, see Noyan
Noyan

Noyan, noyon was a title of authority in the Mongol Empire and later periods. In modern Mongolian the word is used as a form of addressing similar to "Mr." or "monsieur"....


Noyon (Latin
Latin

Latin is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. Through the Military history of the Roman Empire, Latin spread throughout the Mediterranean and a large part of Europe....
: Noviomagus Veromanduorum) is a commune
Communes of France

The commune is the lowest level of administrative divisions in the France. The French word commune appeared in the 12th century, from Medieval Latin Medieval commune, meaning a small gathering of people sharing a common life, from Latin communis, things held in common....
 in the Oise
Oise

Oise is a departments of France in the north of France named after the Oise River....
 department in northern France
France

France , officially the French Republic , is a country whose Metropolitan France is located in Western Europe and that also comprises various Overseas departments and territories of France....
.

It lies on the Oise Canal, approximately 60 miles north of Paris
Paris

Paris is the Capital of France and the country's largest city. It is situated on the river Seine, in northern France, at the heart of the ?le-de-France Regions of France ....
.

History

The Romans founded the town as Noviomagus. Sometimes, it is said Veromanduorum to distinguish it from numerous other places of the same name, but it has never been found in roman sources. The town is mentioned in the Antonine Itinerary
Antonine Itinerary

The Antonine Itinerary is a register of the stations and distances along the various roads of the Roman empire, containing directions how to get from one Roman settlement to another....
 as being 27 M. P. from Soissons
Soissons

Soissons is a Communes of the Aisne department in the Aisne Departments of France in Picardie in northern France, located on the Aisne River, about 100 kilometres northeast of Paris....
, and 34 M. P. from Amiens
Amiens

Amiens is a city and Communes of France in northern France, north of Paris. It is the capital of the Somme Departments of France in Picardie....
. But their distances, as D'Anville says, are not exact, for Noyon is further from Amiens and nearer to Soissons than the Itinerary fixes it. The alteration of the name Noviomagus to Noyon is made clearer when we know that in a middle age document, the name is Noviomum, from which to Noyon the change is easy.

Noyon was strongly fortified in Late Antiquity. It is a possible explanation that around 531, bishop Medardus
Medardus

Saint Medardus or St Medard was the Bishop of Vermandois who removed the seat of the diocese to Noyon.St Medardus was born at Salency, Oise), in Picardy....
 moved his seat from Vermand
Vermand

Vermand is a Communes of the Aisne department in the Aisne Departments of France in Picardie in northern France....
, in the Vermandois
Vermandois

Vermandois was a France county, that appears in the Merovingian period. In the tenth century, it was organised around two castellan domains: St Quentin and Peronne ....
, to Noyon. Other explanations are that Medardus
Medardus

Saint Medardus or St Medard was the Bishop of Vermandois who removed the seat of the diocese to Noyon.St Medardus was born at Salency, Oise), in Picardy....
 was born near the town, at Salency, or that place is nearer from Soissons, which was one of the royal capitals of Merovingian dynasty.

The cathedral at Noyon was the site where Emperor Charlemagne
Charlemagne

Charlemagne was List of Frankish kings from 768 to his death. He expanded the Franks kingdoms into a Carolingian Empire that incorporated much of Western Europe and Central Europe....
 was crowned in 768 as was the first Capetian
House of Capet

For a full history of the Capetian family, see Capetian dynasty.The House of Capet, or The Direct Capetian Dynasty, , also called The House of France , or simply the Capets, which ruled the Kingdom of France from 987 to 1328, was the most senior line of the Capetian dynasty - itself a derivative dynasty from the...
 king, Hugh Capet in 987. The town received a communal charter
Medieval commune

Communes in Europe during the Middle Ages were sworn allegiances of mutual defense among the citizens of a town or city. They took many forms, and varied widely in organization and makeup....
 in 1108, that was confirmed by Philip Augustus in 1223. In the twelfth century, the bishop of Noyon was raised to an original duché-pairie in the peerage of France. The Romanesque cathedral burned in 1131. The present cathedral, a monument of the Early Gothic style
Gothic architecture

Gothic architecture is a style of architecture which flourished during the high and late Middle Ages. It evolved from Romanesque architecture and was succeeded by Renaissance architecture....
 in France, was erected between 1145 and 1235. The bishop's library is a historic example of half-timbered construction.

By the Treaty of Noyon, signed 13 August 1516 between Francois I of France and Charles I of Spain, France abandoned its claims to the Kingdom of Naples
Kingdom of Naples

The Kingdom of Naples is the modern day name for a polity which existed on the southern part of the Italian peninsula. Also known contemporaneously, and somewhat confusingly, as the Kingdom of Sicily, this kingdom was founded after the secession of the island of Sicily from the old Kingdom of Sicily as a result of the Sicilian Vespers...
 and received the Duchy of Milan
Duchy of Milan

The Duchy of Milan was a state in northern Italy from 1394 to 1797. It was part of the Holy Roman Empire, by then a decentralised entity, and was ruled by several dynasties, most of them major powers from outside Italy....
 in recompense; the treaty brought the War of the League of Cambrai
War of the League of Cambrai

The War of the League of Cambrai, sometimes known as the War of the Holy League and by several other names, was a major conflict in the Italian Wars....
— one stage of the Italian Wars
Italian Wars

The Italian Wars, often referred to as the Great Italian Wars or the Great Wars of Italy in historical works, were a series of conflicts from 1494 to 1559 that involved, at various times, most of the Italian city-states, the Papal States, all the major states of western Europe as well as the Ottoman Empire....
— to a close. Having been ravaged by Habsburg troops in 1552, Noyons was sold to France in 1559, under the conditions of the Treaty of Cateau-Cambrésis. Near the end of the sixteenth century the city fell under Habsburg
Habsburg

The House of Habsburg was an important royal house of Europe and is best known as supplying all of the formally elected Holy Roman Emperors between 1452 and 1740, as well as rulers of Spanish Empire and the Austrian Empire....
 control, but Henry IV of France
Henry IV of France

Henry de Bourbon, , ruled as Henry III, List of Navarrese monarchs, from 1572 to 1610, and as Henry IV, List of French monarchs, from 1589 to 1610....
 recaptured it. The Concordat of 1801
Concordat of 1801

The Concordat of 1801 is a reflection of an agreement between Napoleon Bonaparte and Pope Pius VII that reaffirmed the Roman Catholic Church as the majority church of France and restored some of its civil status....
 suppressed its bishopric. The city was occupied by the Germans
Germany

Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a country in Central Europe. It is bordered to the north by the North Sea, Denmark, and the Baltic Sea; to the east by Poland and the Czech Republic; to the south by Austria and Switzerland; and to the west by France, Luxembourg, Belgium, and the Netherlands....
 during World War I
World War I

World War I, or the First World War , was a global military conflict which involved the Great powers, organized into two opposing military alliances: the Allies of World War I and the Central Powers....
 and World War II
World War II

World War II, or the Second World War , was a global military conflict which involved a Participants in World War II, including all of the great powers, organised into two opposing military alliances: the Allies of World War II and the Axis powers....
 and on both occasions suffered heavy damage.

Personalities

  • John Calvin
    John Calvin

    John Calvin was an influential French people theology and pastor during the Protestant Reformation. He was a principal figure in the development of the system of Christian theology later called Calvinism....
     was born in Noyon, 1509.
  • Medardus
    Medardus

    Saint Medardus or St Medard was the Bishop of Vermandois who removed the seat of the diocese to Noyon.St Medardus was born at Salency, Oise), in Picardy....
  • Godeberta
    Godeberta

    Saint Godeberta was a Frankish saint. She was born at Boves, Somme, near Amiens, to a noble family that was associated with the court of Clovis II....


Twin towns

Noyon is twinned with
  • - Hexham
    Hexham

     Hexham is a market town in Northumberland, England, located south of the River Tyne. Hexham is the administrative centre for the Tynedale district, although in terms of population, Prudhoe is now Tynedale's largest town....
     – England
    England

    native_name =|conventional_long_name = England|common_name = England|image_flag = Flag of England.svg|image_coat = England COA.svg|symbol_type = Royal Coat of Arms...
  • - Metzingen
    Metzingen

    Metzingen is a city with about 22,000 inhabitants, located in the state of Baden-W?rttemberg in the southwest of Germany, 30 km south of Stuttgart....
     – Germany
    Germany

    Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a country in Central Europe. It is bordered to the north by the North Sea, Denmark, and the Baltic Sea; to the east by Poland and the Czech Republic; to the south by Austria and Switzerland; and to the west by France, Luxembourg, Belgium, and the Netherlands....


See also

  • Communes of the Oise department


External links

About the cathedral: