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Noryl is a blend of polyphenylene oxide (PPO) and polystyrene
Polystyrene

Polystyrene , sometimes abbreviated PS, is an Aromaticity polymer made from the aromatic monomer styrene, a liquid hydrocarbon that is commercially manufactured from petroleum by the chemical industry....
 that was developed by General Electric
General Electric

The General Electric Company, or GE is a multinational corporation United States technology and Service s conglomerate incorporated in the State of New York....
 Plastics in 1966. It is a rare example of a homogeneous mixture of the two polymers. Most polymers are incompatible with one another, so tend to produce separate phases when mixed. The compatibility of the two polymers in Noryl is caused by the presence of a benzene ring in the repeat unit
Repeat unit

An essential concept which defines polymer structure, the repeat unit is the simplest structural unit of a polymer chain. So a polymer consists of repeat units linked together, like the beads of a necklace....
s of both chains.

Properties
The addition of polystyrene to PPO increases the glass transition temperature
Glass transition temperature

The Glass transition temperature, Tg, is the temperature at which an amorphous solid, such as glass or a polymer, becomes wikt:brittle on cooling, or soft on heating....
 above 100 °C, owing to the high Tg of PPO, so Noryl is stable in boiling water.






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Encyclopedia


Noryl is a blend of polyphenylene oxide (PPO) and polystyrene
Polystyrene

Polystyrene , sometimes abbreviated PS, is an Aromaticity polymer made from the aromatic monomer styrene, a liquid hydrocarbon that is commercially manufactured from petroleum by the chemical industry....
 that was developed by General Electric
General Electric

The General Electric Company, or GE is a multinational corporation United States technology and Service s conglomerate incorporated in the State of New York....
 Plastics in 1966. It is a rare example of a homogeneous mixture of the two polymers. Most polymers are incompatible with one another, so tend to produce separate phases when mixed. The compatibility of the two polymers in Noryl is caused by the presence of a benzene ring in the repeat unit
Repeat unit

An essential concept which defines polymer structure, the repeat unit is the simplest structural unit of a polymer chain. So a polymer consists of repeat units linked together, like the beads of a necklace....
s of both chains.

Properties


The addition of polystyrene to PPO increases the glass transition temperature
Glass transition temperature

The Glass transition temperature, Tg, is the temperature at which an amorphous solid, such as glass or a polymer, becomes wikt:brittle on cooling, or soft on heating....
 above 100 °C, owing to the high Tg of PPO, so Noryl is stable in boiling water. The precise value of the transition depends on the exact composition of the grade being used. There is a smooth linear relation between weight content of polystyrene and the Tg of the blend. Noryl has good electrical resistance, so is widely used for switch boxes. However, product design is important in maximising the strength of the product, especially in eliminating sharp corners and other stress concentration
Stress concentration

A stress concentration is a location in an object where stress is concentrated. An object is strongest when force is evenly distributed over its area, so a reduction in area, e.g....
s. Injection moulding must ensure that mouldings are stress-free.

Like most other amorphous thermoplastics, Noryl is sensitive to environmental stress cracking
Environmental stress cracking

Environmental Stress Cracking is one of the most common causes of unexpected brittle failure of thermoplastic polymers known at present. Environmental stress cracking may account for around 15-30% of all plastic component failures in service....
 when in contact with many organic liquids. Compounds such as gasoline
Gasoline

File:GasCan.jpgGasoline or petrol is a petroleum-derived liquid mixture, primarily used as fuel in internal combustion engines.It consists mostly of aliphatic hydrocarbons, enhanced with iso-octane or the aromatic hydrocarbons toluene and benzene to increase its octane rating....
, kerosine and methylene chloride may initiate brittle cracks which lead to product failure.

Applications


Noryl has numerous applications in electronics, electrical equipment, coating, machinery, etc.

Noryl has possible applications in the production of hydrogen
Hydrogen

Hydrogen is the chemical element with atomic number 1. It is represented by the chemical symbol H. At standard temperature and pressure, hydrogen is a colorless, odorless, nonmetallic, tasteless, highly combustion and explosive Diatomic molecule gas with the molecular formula H2....
, where it could serve as cost-effective electrode
Electrode

An electrode is an electrical conductor used to make contact with a nonmetallic part of a Electronic circuit . The word was coined by the scientist Michael Faraday from the Greek language words elektron and hodos, a way....
s in an electrolyzer, replacing expensive rare elements. It is highly resistant against the alkaline potassium hydroxide. For conductivity the plastic is sprayed with a nickel-based catalyst.

Noryl is being investigated as a possible replacement for polycarbonate used in the manufacturing of Blu-ray Discs.

It is also used in certain construction products.

See also

  • Hydrogen economy
    Hydrogen economy

    The hydrogen economy is a proposed system of meeting energy needs by using hydrogen as a fuel source that could be generated from alternative fuels or other energy sources that don't give off greenhouse gases....
  • Thermoplastics


External links

  • - Hydrogen on the Cheap