Nikanor Grujić
Encyclopedia
Nikanor Grujić was the Bishop
of Pakrac
of the Serbian Orthodox Church
, the locum tenens
Serbian Patriarch, Austro – Hungarian emperor's Privy Council
or, knight
of the Grand Cross
of the Franz Joseph order
, member of Houses of Magnates
at Hungarian and Croatian – Slavonian parliaments
, member of Serbian Learned Society
, writer, poet, orator and translator.
(Lipova), Baranya county (then Austrian empire
) to Very Reverend Prokopije Grujić and Agripina, née Kosić. He had an older brother named Dragutin Grujić, who later became archpriest
of Mohács
and Szigetvar
, parish
priest
of Kácsfalu (Jagodnjak
) and assessor of Buda
bishopric
consistory
.
Srb Milutin was educated at Lippó, his birthplace, Mohács and Pécs
, where he excelled as an orator and poet of his generation. He attended and successfully finished his teological studies at the prestigious Serbian Orthodox Seminary in Sremski Karlovci
. After that, he took monastic vows and changed his name to Nikanor.
He played a prominent role in the proclamation of Serbian Vojvodina
during the May Assembly
in Sremski Karlovci in 1848. After Nikanor's speech, Stevan Šupljikac
was proclaimed vojvoda of Serbian Vojvodina
.
Later that year (1848), Grujić become archimandrite of Kuveždin monastery
, and after that, archimandrite of Krušedol monastery
. In 1859 he was an administrator of the Eparchy of upper Karlovac
. His ordination as bishop took place in 1861, officiated by Patriarch Josif Rajačić
. In 1864 Nikanor become the Serbian Orthodox Bishop
of Pakrac
.
He was appointed administrator of Serbian patriarchy – metropolitanate (locum tenens
patriarch
) by emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria
in 1872. That same year the emperor named him to his privy council
, better known as the Wirklicher Geheimrat
), with the title of Excellency
. In 1874, Grujić become a knight
of the Grand Cross
(Grosskreuz) of the Order of Franz Joseph
. At the same time he ended his administrator's duty in the Serbian patriarchy - metropolitanate.
Nikanor Grujić was also a well-known poet, writer, translator and orator. Among his most notable books are: The Epic of Saint Sabbas (Sveti Sava); Objections of Nikanor Grujić, a linguistic work about Vuk Karadžić`s translation of the New Testament; and Grujić's Autobiography. He was a member of the Serbian Learned Society
(Srpsko učeno društvo), which later became the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts
, and honorary member of Matica slovenská
.
Bishop Nikanor died on the 26th of April 1887 at his court in Pakrac and was buried near the Serbian Orthodox Church at Gavrinica, Pakrac cemetery.
Bishop
A bishop is an ordained or consecrated member of the Christian clergy who is generally entrusted with a position of authority and oversight. Within the Catholic Church, Eastern Orthodox, Oriental Orthodox Churches, in the Assyrian Church of the East, in the Independent Catholic Churches, and in the...
of Pakrac
Pakrac
Pakrac is a town in western Slavonia, Croatia, population 4,852, total municipality population 8,482 . Pakrac is located on the road and railroad connecting the regions of Posavina and Podravina.-Name:...
of the Serbian Orthodox Church
Serbian Orthodox Church
The Serbian Orthodox Church is one of the autocephalous Orthodox Christian churches, ranking sixth in order of seniority after Constantinople, Alexandria, Antioch, Jerusalem, and Russia...
, the locum tenens
Locum
Locum, short for the Latin phrase locum tenens , is a person who temporarily fulfills the duties of another. For example, a locum doctor is a doctor who works in the place of the regular doctor when that doctor is absent, or when a hospital/practice is short-staffed...
Serbian Patriarch, Austro – Hungarian emperor's Privy Council
Privy council
A privy council is a body that advises the head of state of a nation, typically, but not always, in the context of a monarchic government. The word "privy" means "private" or "secret"; thus, a privy council was originally a committee of the monarch's closest advisors to give confidential advice on...
or, knight
Knight
A knight was a member of a class of lower nobility in the High Middle Ages.By the Late Middle Ages, the rank had become associated with the ideals of chivalry, a code of conduct for the perfect courtly Christian warrior....
of the Grand Cross
Grand Cross
The phrase Grand Cross is used to denote the highest grade in many orders of knighthood. Sometimes the holders of the highest grade are referred to "knights grand cross" or just "grand crosses"; in other cases the actual insignia itself is called "the grand cross".Alternatively, in some other...
of the Franz Joseph order
Order of Franz Joseph
The Imperial Austrian Franz Joseph Order was founded by the Emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria on December 2, 1849 on the first anniversary of his assumption of the Imperial Crown...
, member of Houses of Magnates
Diet of Hungary
The Diet of Hungary was a legislative institution in the medieval kingdom of Hungary from the 15th century, and in its successor states, Royal Hungary and the Habsburg kingdom of Hungary throughout the Early Modern period...
at Hungarian and Croatian – Slavonian parliaments
Parliament of Croatia
The Parliament of Croatia or the Sabor is the unicameral representative body of the citizens of the Republic of Croatia and legislature of the country. Under the terms of the Croatian Constitution, represents the people and is vested with the legislative power...
, member of Serbian Learned Society
Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts
The Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts is the most prominent academic institution in Serbia today...
, writer, poet, orator and translator.
Biography
Born as Srb Milutin Grujić on December 12, 1810 or December 1 (Julian calendar) in LippóLippó
Lippó is a village in Baranya county, Hungary.-Reference:...
(Lipova), Baranya county (then Austrian empire
Austrian Empire
The Austrian Empire was a modern era successor empire, which was centered on what is today's Austria and which officially lasted from 1804 to 1867. It was followed by the Empire of Austria-Hungary, whose proclamation was a diplomatic move that elevated Hungary's status within the Austrian Empire...
) to Very Reverend Prokopije Grujić and Agripina, née Kosić. He had an older brother named Dragutin Grujić, who later became archpriest
Archpriest
An archpriest is a priest with supervisory duties over a number of parishes. The term is most often used in Eastern Orthodoxy and Eastern Catholic Churches, although it may be used in the Latin rite of the Roman Catholic Church instead of dean or vicar forane.In the 16th and 17th centuries, during...
of Mohács
Mohács
Mohács is a town in Baranya county, Hungary on the right bank of the Danube.-History:Two famous battles took place there:# Battle of Mohács, 1526# Battle of Mohács, 1687...
and Szigetvar
Szigetvár
-History:The town's fortress was the setting of the Battle of Szigetvár in 1566. It was a sanjak centre at first in Budin Province , later in Kanije Province .There was already a bum in the marshland back in the Celtic and Roman times...
, parish
Parish
A parish is a territorial unit historically under the pastoral care and clerical jurisdiction of one parish priest, who might be assisted in his pastoral duties by a curate or curates - also priests but not the parish priest - from a more or less central parish church with its associated organization...
priest
Priest
A priest is a person authorized to perform the sacred rites of a religion, especially as a mediatory agent between humans and deities. They also have the authority or power to administer religious rites; in particular, rites of sacrifice to, and propitiation of, a deity or deities...
of Kácsfalu (Jagodnjak
Jagodnjak
Jagodnjak is a village and a municipality in the Osijek-Baranja County, Croatia. Jagodnjak development index is less than 50% of the Croatian average, which classifies them into 10% of the poorest municipalities...
) and assessor of Buda
Buda
For detailed information see: History of Buda CastleBuda is the western part of the Hungarian capital Budapest on the west bank of the Danube. The name Buda takes its name from the name of Bleda the Hun ruler, whose name is also Buda in Hungarian.Buda comprises about one-third of Budapest's...
bishopric
Diocese
A diocese is the district or see under the supervision of a bishop. It is divided into parishes.An archdiocese is more significant than a diocese. An archdiocese is presided over by an archbishop whose see may have or had importance due to size or historical significance...
consistory
Consistory
-Antiquity:Originally, the Latin word consistorium meant simply 'sitting together', just as the Greek synedrion ....
.
Srb Milutin was educated at Lippó, his birthplace, Mohács and Pécs
Pécs
Pécs is the fifth largest city of Hungary, located on the slopes of the Mecsek mountains in the south-west of the country, close to its border with Croatia. It is the administrative and economical centre of Baranya county...
, where he excelled as an orator and poet of his generation. He attended and successfully finished his teological studies at the prestigious Serbian Orthodox Seminary in Sremski Karlovci
Sremski Karlovci
Sremski Karlovci is a town and municipality in Serbia, in the autonomous province of Vojvodina, situated on the bank of the river Danube, 8 km from Novi Sad...
. After that, he took monastic vows and changed his name to Nikanor.
He played a prominent role in the proclamation of Serbian Vojvodina
Serbian Vojvodina
The Serbian Vojvodina was a Serbian autonomous region within the Austrian Empire...
during the May Assembly
May Assembly
May Assembly was the national assembly of the Serbs in Austrian Empire, held in 1 and 3 May 1848 in Sremski Karlovci, during which the Serbs proclaimed autonomous Serbian Vojvodina. This action was later recognized by the supreme Austrian authority in Vienna...
in Sremski Karlovci in 1848. After Nikanor's speech, Stevan Šupljikac
Stevan Šupljikac
Stevan Šupljikac, known simply as Vojvoda Šupljikac was a voivode and the first Duke of the Serbian Vojvodina, in 1848.-Life:...
was proclaimed vojvoda of Serbian Vojvodina
Serbian Vojvodina
The Serbian Vojvodina was a Serbian autonomous region within the Austrian Empire...
.
Later that year (1848), Grujić become archimandrite of Kuveždin monastery
Kuveždin monastery
The Kuveždin monastery is a Serb Orthodox monastery on the Fruška Gora mountain in the northern Serbian province of Vojvodina. Traditionally, its foundation is ascribed to Stefan Štiljanović. The first reliable record of its existence are dated in 1566/1569...
, and after that, archimandrite of Krušedol monastery
Krušedol monastery
The Krušedol monastery is a Serb Orthodox monastery on the Fruška Gora mountain in the northern Serbia, in the province of Vojvodina. The monastery is the legacy of the last Serbian despot family of Srem - Branković. It was built between 1509 and 1514...
. In 1859 he was an administrator of the Eparchy of upper Karlovac
Eparchy of upper Karlovac
The Eparchy of upper Karlovac is an eparchy of the Serbian Orthodox Church seated in the city of Karlovac, Croatia. It covers the area of Banovina, Kordun, Lika, Krbava, Gorski Kotar, as well as northern Croatia and Istria....
. His ordination as bishop took place in 1861, officiated by Patriarch Josif Rajačić
Josif Rajacic
Josif Rajačić was a metropolitan of Sremski Karlovci, Serbian patriarch, administrator of Serbian Vojvodina and baron.-Life:...
. In 1864 Nikanor become the Serbian Orthodox Bishop
Bishop
A bishop is an ordained or consecrated member of the Christian clergy who is generally entrusted with a position of authority and oversight. Within the Catholic Church, Eastern Orthodox, Oriental Orthodox Churches, in the Assyrian Church of the East, in the Independent Catholic Churches, and in the...
of Pakrac
Pakrac
Pakrac is a town in western Slavonia, Croatia, population 4,852, total municipality population 8,482 . Pakrac is located on the road and railroad connecting the regions of Posavina and Podravina.-Name:...
.
He was appointed administrator of Serbian patriarchy – metropolitanate (locum tenens
Locum
Locum, short for the Latin phrase locum tenens , is a person who temporarily fulfills the duties of another. For example, a locum doctor is a doctor who works in the place of the regular doctor when that doctor is absent, or when a hospital/practice is short-staffed...
patriarch
Patriarch
Originally a patriarch was a man who exercised autocratic authority as a pater familias over an extended family. The system of such rule of families by senior males is called patriarchy. This is a Greek word, a compound of πατριά , "lineage, descent", esp...
) by emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria
Franz Joseph I of Austria
Franz Joseph I or Francis Joseph I was Emperor of Austria, King of Bohemia, King of Croatia, Apostolic King of Hungary, King of Galicia and Lodomeria and Grand Duke of Cracow from 1848 until his death in 1916.In the December of 1848, Emperor Ferdinand I of Austria abdicated the throne as part of...
in 1872. That same year the emperor named him to his privy council
Privy council
A privy council is a body that advises the head of state of a nation, typically, but not always, in the context of a monarchic government. The word "privy" means "private" or "secret"; thus, a privy council was originally a committee of the monarch's closest advisors to give confidential advice on...
, better known as the Wirklicher Geheimrat
Geheimrat
Geheimrat was the title of the highest advising officials at the Imperial, royal or principal courts of the Holy Roman Empire, who jointly formed the Geheimer Rat reporting to the ruler...
), with the title of Excellency
Excellency
Excellency is an honorific style given to certain members of an organization or state.Usually, people styled "Excellency" are heads of state, heads of government, governors, ambassadors, certain ecclesiastics, royalty, aristocracy, and military, and others holding equivalent rank .It is...
. In 1874, Grujić become a knight
Knight
A knight was a member of a class of lower nobility in the High Middle Ages.By the Late Middle Ages, the rank had become associated with the ideals of chivalry, a code of conduct for the perfect courtly Christian warrior....
of the Grand Cross
Grand Cross
The phrase Grand Cross is used to denote the highest grade in many orders of knighthood. Sometimes the holders of the highest grade are referred to "knights grand cross" or just "grand crosses"; in other cases the actual insignia itself is called "the grand cross".Alternatively, in some other...
(Grosskreuz) of the Order of Franz Joseph
Order of Franz Joseph
The Imperial Austrian Franz Joseph Order was founded by the Emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria on December 2, 1849 on the first anniversary of his assumption of the Imperial Crown...
. At the same time he ended his administrator's duty in the Serbian patriarchy - metropolitanate.
Nikanor Grujić was also a well-known poet, writer, translator and orator. Among his most notable books are: The Epic of Saint Sabbas (Sveti Sava); Objections of Nikanor Grujić, a linguistic work about Vuk Karadžić`s translation of the New Testament; and Grujić's Autobiography. He was a member of the Serbian Learned Society
Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts
The Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts is the most prominent academic institution in Serbia today...
(Srpsko učeno društvo), which later became the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts
Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts
The Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts is the most prominent academic institution in Serbia today...
, and honorary member of Matica slovenská
Matica slovenská
The Matica slovenská Mother) is Slovakia's public-law cultural and scientific institution focusing on topics around the Slovak nation. It is based in the city of Martin...
.
Bishop Nikanor died on the 26th of April 1887 at his court in Pakrac and was buried near the Serbian Orthodox Church at Gavrinica, Pakrac cemetery.
See also
- Serbian VojvodinaSerbian VojvodinaThe Serbian Vojvodina was a Serbian autonomous region within the Austrian Empire...
- GeheimratGeheimratGeheimrat was the title of the highest advising officials at the Imperial, royal or principal courts of the Holy Roman Empire, who jointly formed the Geheimer Rat reporting to the ruler...
- Order of Franz JosephOrder of Franz JosephThe Imperial Austrian Franz Joseph Order was founded by the Emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria on December 2, 1849 on the first anniversary of his assumption of the Imperial Crown...
- Serbian Academy of Sciences and ArtsSerbian Academy of Sciences and ArtsThe Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts is the most prominent academic institution in Serbia today...
- Matica slovenskáMatica slovenskáThe Matica slovenská Mother) is Slovakia's public-law cultural and scientific institution focusing on topics around the Slovak nation. It is based in the city of Martin...
External links
- Biography on internet presentation of Serbian academy of sciences and artsSerbian Academy of Sciences and ArtsThe Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts is the most prominent academic institution in Serbia today...
- Biography on internet presentation Find a GraveFind A GraveFind a Grave is a commercial website providing free access and input to an online database of cemetery records. It was founded in 1998 as a DBA and incorporated in 2000.-History:...