Nikah Ijtimah

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Nikah Ijtimah

Nikah Ijtimah (English: combined marriage) is a form of polyandry

Polyandry

In social anthropology and sociobiology, polyandry refers to a form of polygamy marriage , or other sexual union, in which one individual is married to two or more husbands at the same time....
that existed in the Pre-Islamic period in the Arab

Arab

An Arab is a person who Identity as such on linguistic or cultural grounds. The plural form, Arabs , refers to the Ethnocultural group at large....
ian peninsula.

form of marriage, according to a Hadith narration attributed to Aisha:

"there were four types of marriage during the ancient Arab period
Jahiliyyah

Jahiliyyah, al-Jahiliyah or jahalia is an Islamic concept of "ignorance of divine guidance" or "the state of ignorance of the guidance from God" or "Days of Ignorance" referring to the condition Arabs found themselves in pre-Islamic Arabia, i.e....
. One ... type of marriage was that a group of less than ten men would assemble and enter upon a women, and all of them would have sexual relations with her.

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Nikah Ijtimah (English: combined marriage) is a form of polyandry
Polyandry

In social anthropology and sociobiology, polyandry refers to a form of polygamy marriage , or other sexual union, in which one individual is married to two or more husbands at the same time....
that existed in the Pre-Islamic period in the Arab
Arab

An Arab is a person who Identity as such on linguistic or cultural grounds. The plural form, Arabs , refers to the Ethnocultural group at large....
ian peninsula.

Definition
This form of marriage, according to a Hadith narration attributed to Aisha:
"there were four types of marriage during the ancient Arab period
Jahiliyyah

Jahiliyyah, al-Jahiliyah or jahalia is an Islamic concept of "ignorance of divine guidance" or "the state of ignorance of the guidance from God" or "Days of Ignorance" referring to the condition Arabs found themselves in pre-Islamic Arabia, i.e....
. One ... type of marriage was that a group of less than ten men would assemble and enter upon a women, and all of them would have sexual relations with her. If she became pregnant and delivered a child and some days had passed after her delivery, she would send for all of them and none of them could refuse to come, and when they all gathered before her she would say to them "You (all) know what you have done and now I have given birth to a child. So it is your child O so and so
So and so

So and so may refer to* So and so, the English translation of an Arabic phrase. The meaning is close to "somebody." The phrase can be encountered in the Hadith literature....
! Naming whoever she liked and her child would follow him and he could not refuse to take him."

History
Controversial Muslims sources claim Muawiya I was conceived in a marriage of this type, and Abu Sufyan acknowledged paternity after receiving compensation. There are contradictory sources regarding if he was in the list of people believed to be Muawiya's father.

The Mu'tazili
Mu'tazili

Mu?tazilah is a theology school of thought within Sunni Islam. It is also anglicized as Mu?tazilite. They are usually not accepted by other Sunni Muslims, though their theology parallels Shi'a Islam, such as their belief in the indivinity of the Qur'an....
scholar Ibn Abu al-Hadid
Ibn Abu al-Hadid

Izz al-Din `Abd al-Hamid ibn Hibat-Allah ibn Abi al-Hadid al-Mu`tazili was an eminent Mu`tazili Islamic scholar of his era and a writer....
included in his Sharh Ibn al Hadeed the following:
"Mu'awiya wrote a letter to Ziyad
Ziyad ibn Abi Sufyan

Ziyad ibn Abi Sufyan was a Muslim general and administrator and a member of the clan of the Umayyads. His parentage is obscure and controversial, which in the inimical Abbasid historiography has earned him the Patronymic "Ibn Abihi "....
, the contents of which included the words 'O son of Sumayya'. Ziyad replied to Mu'awiya with these words 'Mu'awiya you called me by the name of my mother Sumayya, so as to mock me, well if I am the son of Sumayya then you are 'Ibne Jamaat' as you were a product of Nikah ijtimah".

See also

Hadith of pre-Islamic marriage forms
Pre-Islamic Arabia
Pre-Islamic Arabia

The history of Pre-Islamic Arabia before the rise of Islam in the 630s is not known in great detail. Archaeological exploration in the Arabian peninsula has been sparse; indigenous written sources are limited to the many inscriptions and coins from southern Arabia....