Nicolas Baudin

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Nicolas Baudin

Nicolas-Thomas Baudin (17 February 1754 - 16 September 1803) was a French

France

France , officially the French Republic , is a country whose Metropolitan France is located in Western Europe and that also comprises various Overseas departments and territories of France....
explorer, cartographer, naturalist and hydrographer.

Baudin was born in Saint-Martin-de-Ré

Saint-Martin-de-Ré

Saint-Martin-de-R? is a Communes of France in the Charente-Maritime Departments of France in western France.It is one of the 10 communes located on the ?le de R?....
on the Ile de Ré

Île de Ré

?le de R? is an island off the west coast of France near La Rochelle, on the northern side of the Pertuis d'Antioche strait.This island is completely flat; it is 30 km long and 5 km wide....
. At the age of fifteen he joined the merchant navy, and at twenty joined the French East India Company

French East India Company

The French East India Company was a commercial enterprise, founded in 1664 to compete with the British East India Company and Dutch East India Company East India companies....
. He then joined the French navy and served in the Caribbean

Caribbean

The Caribbean is a region consisting of the Caribbean Sea, its islands , and the surrounding coasts. The region is located southeast of the Gulf of Mexico and Northern America, east of Central America, and to the north of South America....
during the American War of Independence. In 1785 Baudin was captain of the Caroline taking emigrants to New Orleans.

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Nicolas-Thomas Baudin (17 February 1754 - 16 September 1803) was a French

France

Saint-Martin-de-Ré

Saint-Martin-de-R? is a Communes of France in the Charente-Maritime Departments of France in western France.It is one of the 10 communes located on the ?le de R?....
on the Ile de Ré

Île de Ré

French East India Company

Caribbean

Austria

Austria , officially the Republic of Austria , is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It borders both Germany and the Czech Republic to the north, Slovakia and Hungary to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the west....
n botanists to the Indian Ocean

Indian Ocean

The Indian Ocean is the third largest of the world's oceanic divisions, covering about 20% of the water on the Earth's surface. It is bounded on the north by Asia ; on the west by Africa; on the east by Indochina, the Sunda Islands, and Australia; and on the south by the Southern Ocean ....
and the Pacific, and slaves from Mozambique

Mozambique

Mozambique, officially the Republic of Mozambique , is a country in southeastern Africa bordered by the Indian Ocean to the east, Tanzania to the north, Malawi and Zambia to the northwest, Zimbabwe to the west and Swaziland and South Africa to the southwest....
. During this time Baudin learnt about botany

Botany

Botany, plant science, phytology, or plant biology is a branch of biology and is the Scientific method of plant life and development....
and how to keep plant

Plant

Plants are Life organisms belonging to the Kingdom Plantae. They include familiar organisms such as trees, herbs, bushes, grasses, vines, ferns, mosses, and green algae....
s and animal

Animal

Animals are a major group of multicellular, eukaryotic organisms of the Kingdom Animalia or Metazoa. Their body plan eventually becomes fixed as they develop, although some undergo a process of metamorphosis later on in their life....
s alive on board ship.

In 1792 France declared war on Austria and Baudin tried unsuccessfully to rejoin the French navy. He returned to France in 1795 and visited Antoine de Jussieu

Antoine de Jussieu

Antoine de Jussieu was a France Natural history.Jussieu was born in Lyon, the son of Christophe de Jussieu , an apothecary of some repute, who published a Nouveau trait? de la theriaque ....
at the Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle

Muséum national d'histoire naturelle

The Mus?um national d'Histoire naturelle is the France national museum of natural history....
to suggest a botanical voyage to the Caribbean. This voyage was a success, and Baudin returned to France with a large collection of plants, bird

Bird

Birds are wing, Bipedalismal, endothermic , vertebrate animals that lay egg . There are around 10,000 living species, making them the most numerous tetrapod vertebrates....
s and insect

Insect

Insects are the biggest class of arthropods and the only ones with wings. They are the most diverse group of animals on the planet. They are most diverse at the equator and their diversity declines toward the poles....
s.

In October 1800 he was selected to lead what has become known as the Baudin expedition

Baudin expedition of 1800 to 1802

The Baudin expedition of 1800 to 1803 was a France expedition to map the coast of Australia. Nicolas Baudin was selected as leader in October 1800....
to map the coast of Australia

Australia

Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country in the southern hemisphere comprising the Australia of the world's smallest continent, the major island of Tasmania, and numerous list of islands of Australia in the Indian Ocean and Pacific Oceans....
. He had two ships, Géographe
French corvette Géographe

The G?ographe was a 20-gun Serpente class corvette corvette of the French Navy.She was named Uranie in 1797, and renamed Galat?e in 1799, still on her building site, as her builder refused to launched her, as he had not been paid....
and Naturaliste
French corvette Naturaliste

The Naturaliste was a Salamandre class corvette corvette of the French Navy.She was launched as Mena?ante. She was renamed to Naturaliste and under Jacques F?lix Emmanuel Hamelin, she took part in the Baudin expedition of 1800 to 1802 of Nicolas Baudin....
captained by Hamelin

Jacques Félix Emmanuel Hamelin

Baron Jacques F?lix Emmanuel Hamelin was a rear admiral of the French navy and later a Baron. He commanded numerous naval expeditions and battles with the British Navy as well as exploratory voyages in the Indian Ocean and the South Seas....
, and was accompanied by nine zoologists and botanists, including Jean Baptiste Leschenault de la Tour

Jean Baptiste Leschenault de la Tour

Jean Baptiste Louis Claude Theodore Leschenault de la Tour was a France botanist and ornithologist.Leschenault de la Tour was chief botanist on Nicolas Baudin's expedition to Australia between 1800 and 1803....
. He reached Australia in May 1801, and in April 1802 met Matthew Flinders

Matthew Flinders

Captain Matthew Flinders, Royal Navy was one of the most successful navigators and cartography of his age. In a career that spanned just over twenty years, he sailed with Captain William Bligh, circumnavigated Australia and encouraged the use of that name for the continent....
, also engaged in charting the coastline, in Encounter Bay

Encounter Bay

Encounter Bay is located on the south central coast of South Australia, some 100km south of Adelaide, South Australia. It is named after the encounter on 1802-04-08 between Matthew Flinders and Nicolas Baudin, both of whom were charting the Australian coastline for their respective countries ....
. Baudin then stopped at the British colony at Sydney

Sydney

Sydney is the List of cities in Australia by population in Australia, with a metropolitan area population of approximately 4.34 million . It is the List of Australian capital cities of New South Wales, and was the site of the first British Empire colony in Australia....
for supplies. In Sydney he bought a new ship — Casuarina — named after the wood it was made from. From there he sent home Naturaliste, which had on board all of the specimens that had been discovered by Baudin and his crew. He then headed for Tasmania

Tasmania

Tasmania is an Australian island and States and territories of Australia of the same name. It is located south of the eastern side of the continent, being separated from it by Bass Strait....
, before continuing north to Timor

Timor

Timor is an island at the south end of the Malay Archipelago, north of the Timor Sea. It is divided between the independent state of East Timor, , and West Timor, belonging to the Indonesian province of East Nusa Tenggara....
. Two of his ships named Jardinière, were lost in shipwrecks, one in the Pacific and the other in Port Louis

Port Louis

Port Louis is the Capital of Mauritius. It is the largest city of the country and main port, which borders the Indian Ocean. It is located in the Port Louis District....
harbour during a hurricane.

Baudin then sailed for home, stopping at Mauritius

Mauritius

Mauritius , officially the Republic of Mauritius, , is an island nation off the coast of the African continent in the southwest Indian Ocean, about 900 kilometres east of Madagascar....
, where he died of tuberculosis

Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis is a common and often deadly infectious disease caused by mycobacterium, mainly Mycobacterium tuberculosis . Tuberculosis usually attacks the lungs but can also affect the central nervous system, the lymphatic system, the circulatory system, the genitourinary system, the gastrointestinal system, bones, joints, and even the...
.

A number of monuments have been established around Australia, including eight at various locations around Western Australia . Baudin Beach on Kangaroo Island

Kangaroo Island

Kangaroo Island is Australia's third largest island - after Tasmania and Melville Island, Northern Territory. It is 112 kilometres southwest of Adelaide at the entrance of Gulf Saint Vincent....
, South Australia

South Australia

South Australia is a States and territories of Australia of Australia in the southern central part of the country. It covers some of the most arid parts of the continent; with a total land area of , it is the fourth largest of Australia's six states and two territories....
was named in his honour.

Nicolas Baudin

Further reading