New Zealand general election, 1984

The 1984 New Zealand general election was a nationwide vote to determine the shape of the 41st

41st New Zealand Parliament

The 41st New Zealand Parliament was a term of the Parliament of New Zealand. Its composition was determined by the 1984 elections, and it sat until the 1987 elections....

 New Zealand Parliament. It marked the beginning of the Fourth Labour Government

Fourth Labour Government of New Zealand

The Fourth Labour Government of New Zealand was the government of New Zealand from 26 July 1984 to 2 November 1990. It enacted major social and economic reforms, including reformation of the tax system. The economic reforms were known as Rogernomics after Finance Minister Roger Douglas...

, with David Lange

David Lange

David Russell Lange, ONZ, CH , served as the 32nd Prime Minister of New Zealand from 1984 to 1989. He headed New Zealand's fourth Labour Government, one of the most reforming administrations in his country's history, but one which did not always conform to traditional expectations of a...

's Labour Party

New Zealand Labour Party

The New Zealand Labour Party is a New Zealand political party. It describes itself as centre-left and socially progressive and has been one of the two primary parties of New Zealand politics since 1935....

 defeating long-serving Prime Minister

Prime Minister of New Zealand

The Prime Minister of New Zealand is New Zealand's head of government consequent on being the leader of the party or coalition with majority support in the Parliament of New Zealand...

 Robert Muldoon

Robert Muldoon

Sir Robert David "Rob" Muldoon, GCMG, CH served as the 31st Prime Minister of New Zealand from 1975 to 1984, as leader of the governing National Party. Muldoon had been a prominent member of the National party and MP for the Tamaki electorate for some years prior to becoming leader of the party...

 of the National Party

New Zealand National Party

The New Zealand National Party is the largest party in the New Zealand House of Representatives and in November 2008 formed a minority government with support from three minor parties.-Policies:...

. It was also the last election in which the Social Credit Party

Social Credit Party (New Zealand)

The New Zealand Social Credit Party was a political party which served as the country's "third party" from the 1950s through into the 1980s. The party held a number of seats in the New Zealand Parliament, although never more than two at a time...

 won seats as an independent entity. The election was also the only one in which the New Zealand Party

New Zealand Party

width=300|thumb|Party logoThe New Zealand Party was a political party operating in New Zealand. It was established by millionaire property tycoon Bob Jones, and promoted both social and economic liberalization. The New Zealand Party's motto was "Freedom and Prosperity", and it has sometimes been...

, a protest party, played any substantial role.

Background

Before the election, the National Party governed with 47 seats, a small majority. The opposition Labour Party held 43 seats, and the Social Credit Party held two. Although National theoretically commanded a two-seat lead over the other parties, dissent within the National caucus

Caucus

A caucus is a meeting of supporters or members of a political party or movement, especially in the United States and Canada. As the use of the term has been expanded the exact definition has come to vary among political cultures.-Origin of the term:...

 (particularly by Marilyn Waring

Marilyn Waring

Marilyn Waring, CNZM, D.Phil., D.Litt. is a New Zealand feminist, a politician, an activist for female human rights and environmental issues, an author and an academic, known for her contributions to feminist economics....

 and Mike Minogue

Mike Minogue

Michael John "Mike" Minogue was a National Party politician, lawyer and mayor.He was Mayor of Hamilton, New Zealand between 1968 and 1976, when he resigned to become a Member of Parliament...

) resulted in serious problems for National leader Robert Muldoon.

The 1984 election was called when Marilyn Waring told Muldoon that she would not support his government in the vote over an opposition-sponsored anti-nuclear bill. Muldoon, visibly drunk, announced a snap election

Snap election

A snap election is an election called earlier than expected. Generally it refers to an election in a parliamentary system called when not required , usually to capitalize on a unique electoral opportunity or to decide a pressing issue...

 on national television. There is debate over whether the election was necessary — Waring had not threatened to block confidence and supply

Confidence and supply

In a parliamentary democracy confidence and supply are required for a government to hold power. A confidence and supply agreement is an agreement that a minor party or independent member of parliament will support the government in motions of confidence and appropriation votes by voting in favour...

, meaning that the government could still have continued on even if it had lost the anti-nuclear vote. Nevertheless, Muldoon appears to have wanted an election to reinforce his mandate (just as Sidney Holland

Sidney Holland

Sir Sidney George Holland, GCMG, CH was the 25th Prime Minister of New Zealand from 13 December 1949 to 20 September 1957.-Early life:...

 sought and won a mandate to oppose striking dock-workers with the 1951 snap election

New Zealand general election, 1951

The 1951 New Zealand general election was a nationwide vote to determine the shape of the New Zealand Parliament's 30th term. It saw the governing National Party remain in office, increasing its lead over the opposition Labour Party.-Background:...

).

Muldoon's government, which had been growing increasingly unpopular in its third term, was seen as rigid, inflexible, and increasingly unresponsive to public concerns. The Labour Party had actually gained a plurality of the vote in the previous two elections, but had narrowly missed out on getting a majority of the seats. Labour's primary campaign message was one of change — Muldoon's government, which employed wage and price controls in an attempt to "guide" the economy, was widely blamed for poor economic performance. Labour also campaigned to reduce government borrowing.

The New Zealand Party, founded by property tycoon Bob Jones

Bob Jones (New Zealand)

Sir Robert 'Bob' Jones is a property tycoon, author and former politician in New Zealand. Growing up in the City of Lower Hutt suburb of Naenae, he attended Naenae College and then Victoria University of Wellington...

, was launched primarily to oppose the Muldoon government (although it did not support Labour). A right-wing liberal party, it promoted less government control over markets, in contrast to the paternalist

Paternalism

Paternalism refers to attitudes or states of affairs that exemplify a traditional relationship between father and child. Two conditions of paternalism are usually identified: interference with liberty and a beneficent intention towards those whose liberty is interfered with...

 and somewhat authoritarian

Authoritarianism

Authoritarianism is a form of social organization characterized by submission to authority. It is usually opposed to individualism and democracy...

 policies of National, the other significant right-wing party.

The election

The election was held on 14 July. There were 2,111,651 registered voters. Turnout was 93.7%, the highest turnout ever recorded in a New Zealand election. Most political scientists attribute the high turnout to a desire by voters for change.

Immediately after the election there was a constitutional crisis when Muldoon initially refused to follow the advice of the incoming Labour government and devalue the New Zealand Dollar.

Summary of results

The 1984 election saw the Labour Party win 56 of the 95 seats in parliament, a gain of 13. This was enough for it to hold an outright majority and become the fourth Labour government

Fourth Labour Government of New Zealand

The Fourth Labour Government of New Zealand was the government of New Zealand from 26 July 1984 to 2 November 1990. It enacted major social and economic reforms, including reformation of the tax system. The economic reforms were known as Rogernomics after Finance Minister Roger Douglas...

. The National Party won only 37 seats, a loss of ten. The New Zealand Party, despite winning 12.2% of the vote, failed to gain any seats at all. Social Credit managed to win two seats, the same number as it had held previously. The Values Party

Values Party

The Values Party, considered the world's first national-level environmentalist party that pre-dated any fashionable Green terminology, was established in 1972 at Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand, one of its initial leaders being Tony Brunt...

, an environmentalist

Environmentalism

Environmentalism is a broad philosophy, ideology and social movement regarding concerns for environmental conservation and improvement of the health of the environment, particularly as the measure for this health seeks to incorporate the concerns of non-human elements...

 group, gained fifth place, but no seats.

Detailed results

Party	Candidates	Total votes	Percentage	Seats won
Labour Party New Zealand Labour Party The New Zealand Labour Party is a New Zealand political party. It describes itself as centre-left and socially progressive and has been one of the two primary parties of New Zealand politics since 1935....	95	829,154	43.0%	56
National Party New Zealand National Party The New Zealand National Party is the largest party in the New Zealand House of Representatives and in November 2008 formed a minority government with support from three minor parties.-Policies:...	95	692,494	35.9%	37
New Zealand Party New Zealand Party width=300|thumb|Party logoThe New Zealand Party was a political party operating in New Zealand. It was established by millionaire property tycoon Bob Jones, and promoted both social and economic liberalization. The New Zealand Party's motto was "Freedom and Prosperity", and it has sometimes been...	95	236,385	12.2%	-
Social Credit Party Social Credit Party (New Zealand) The New Zealand Social Credit Party was a political party which served as the country's "third party" from the 1950s through into the 1980s. The party held a number of seats in the New Zealand Parliament, although never more than two at a time...	95	147,162	7.6%	2
Values Party Values Party The Values Party, considered the world's first national-level environmentalist party that pre-dated any fashionable Green terminology, was established in 1972 at Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand, one of its initial leaders being Tony Brunt...	29	3,826	0.2%	-
Independents Independent (politician) In politics, an independent or non-party politician is an individual not affiliated to any political party. Independents may hold a centrist viewpoint between those of major political parties, a viewpoint more extreme than any major party, or they may have a viewpoint based on issues that they do...   (incl. Mel Courtney Mel Courtney Melvyn Francis Courtney is a former Labour then Independent Member of Parliament for Nelson, in the South Island of New Zealand.-Member of Parliament:... , Brian MacDonell Brian MacDonell Brian Peter MacDonell, QSO, is a former New Zealand Member of Parliament for Dunedin Central, in the South Island.MacDonell represented the Dunedin Central electorate in Parliament for 21 years from 1963 to 1984. He was Parliamentary Under-Secretary for Trade & Industry and Energy Resources...  and Jack Ridley)	3	10,750	0.56%	-
Others	54	9,430	0.49%	-
Total	466	1,929,201		95

There were 95 seats being contested in the 1984 election, three more than in the previous parliament. All but two of these seats were won by one of the two major parties.

The Labour Party, previously in opposition, won 56 seats, an outright majority. Most of the seats won by Labour were in urban areas, following the party's typical pattern. Exceptions to this general trend include the eastern tip of the North Island

North Island

The North Island is one of the two main islands of New Zealand, separated from the much less populous South Island by Cook Strait. The island is in area, making it the world's 14th-largest island...

 and the western coast of the South Island

South Island

The South Island is the larger of the two major islands of New Zealand, the other being the more populous North Island. It is bordered to the north by Cook Strait, to the west by the Tasman Sea, to the south and east by the Pacific Ocean...

. Labour's strongest regions were the Wellington

Wellington

Wellington is the capital city and third most populous urban area of New Zealand, although it is likely to have surpassed Christchurch due to the exodus following the Canterbury Earthquake. It is at the southwestern tip of the North Island, between Cook Strait and the Rimutaka Range...

 area (where the party won every seat), as well as Auckland, Christchurch

Christchurch

Christchurch is the largest city in the South Island of New Zealand, and the country's second-largest urban area after Auckland. It lies one third of the way down the South Island's east coast, just north of Banks Peninsula which itself, since 2006, lies within the formal limits of...

 and Dunedin

Dunedin

Dunedin is the second-largest city in the South Island of New Zealand, and the principal city of the Otago Region. It is considered to be one of the four main urban centres of New Zealand for historic, cultural, and geographic reasons. Dunedin was the largest city by territorial land area until...

 (cities in which it won most seats). Smaller cities such as Hamilton

Hamilton, New Zealand

Hamilton is the centre of New Zealand's fourth largest urban area, and Hamilton City is the country's fourth largest territorial authority. Hamilton is in the Waikato Region of the North Island, approximately south of Auckland...

, Nelson

Nelson, New Zealand

Nelson is a city on the eastern shores of Tasman Bay, and is the economic and cultural centre of the Nelson-Tasman region. Established in 1841, it is the second oldest settled city in New Zealand and the oldest in the South Island....

, Napier

Napier, New Zealand

Napier is a New Zealand city with a seaport, located in Hawke's Bay on the eastern coast of the North Island. The population of Napier is about About 18 kilometres south of Napier is the inland city of Hastings. These two neighboring cities are often called "The Twin Cities" or "The Bay Cities"...

, Hastings

Hastings, New Zealand

The city of Hastings is a major urban settlement in the Hawke's Bay region of the North Island of New Zealand, and it is the largest settlement by population in Hawke's Bay. Hastings city is the administrative centre of the Hastings District...

 and Palmerston North

Palmerston North

Palmerston North is the main city of the Manawatu-Wanganui region of the North Island of New Zealand. It is an inland city with a population of and is the country's seventh largest city and eighth largest urban area. Palmerston North is located in the eastern Manawatu Plains near the north bank...

 were also won by Labour. As expected, Labour also won all four Māori seats, maintaining its traditional strength there.

The National Party, the incumbent government, was (as expected) strongest in rural areas. Most of the rural North Island was won by National, as were a most of the rural areas on the South Island's eastern coast. In the larger cities, the party fared poorly, with Auckland and Christchurch being the only places that the party won seats. It was more successful in smaller cities, however, winning Rotorua

Rotorua

Rotorua is a city on the southern shores of the lake of the same name, in the Bay of Plenty region of the North Island of New Zealand. The city is the seat of the Rotorua District, a territorial authority encompassing the city and several other nearby towns...

, Tauranga

Tauranga

Tauranga is the most populous city in the Bay of Plenty region, in the North Island of New Zealand.It was settled by Europeans in the early 19th century and was constituted as a city in 1963...

, Invercargill

Invercargill

Invercargill is the southernmost and westernmost city in New Zealand, and one of the southernmost cities in the world. It is the commercial centre of the Southland region. It lies in the heart of the wide expanse of the Southland Plains on the Oreti or New River some 18 km north of Bluff,...

, New Plymouth

New Plymouth

New Plymouth is the major city of the Taranaki Region on the west coast of the North Island of New Zealand. It is named after Plymouth, Devon, England, from where the first English settlers migrated....

 and Whangarei

Whangarei

Whangarei, pronounced , is the northernmost city in New Zealand and the regional capital of Northland Region. Although commonly classified as a city, it is officially part of the Whangarei District, administered by the Whangarei District Council a local body created in 1989 to administer both the...

. It was placed second in two Māori electorates, and third in the other two.

The only minor party to win electorates was the Social Credit Party, which won East Coast Bays and Pakuranga (both in Auckland). It had held East Coast Bays before the election, but won Pakuranga for the first time. It did not manage to retain Rangitikei, which it had also held before the election. Social Credit candidates were placed second in six electorates, including Rangitikei.

The New Zealand Party, despite gaining more votes than Social Credit, did not win any seats. Some commentators have suggested that the party was not seeking to do so, and instead was merely acting as a spoiler

Spoiler effect

The spoiler effect describes the effect a minor party candidate with little chance of winning has in a close election, when that candidate's presence in the election draws votes from a major candidate similar to them, thereby causing a candidate dissimilar to them to win the election...

 for National. This impression has been backed up by comments by Bob Jones himself. The party was, however, placed second in the electorates of Remuera (an affluent part of Auckland), Kaimai (a region in the Bay of Plenty

Bay of Plenty

The Bay of Plenty , often abbreviated to BOP, is a region in the North Island of New Zealand situated around the body of water of the same name...

), and Tauranga

Tauranga

Tauranga is the most populous city in the Bay of Plenty region, in the North Island of New Zealand.It was settled by Europeans in the early 19th century and was constituted as a city in 1963...

.

The Values Party, an environmentalist group, managed to win 0.2% of the vote, substantially below previous efforts. The party, which was in slow decline, would eventually vanish, but its ideals and goals would be reborn in the Green Party

Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand

The Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand is a political party that has seats in the New Zealand parliament. It focuses firstly on environmentalism, arguing that all other aspects of humanity will cease to be of concern if there is no environment to sustain it...

.

In two of the Māori electorates, the Mana Motuhake

Mana Motuhake

Mana Māori Motuhake was a Māori political party in New Zealand. The name is difficult to translate accurately, but essentially refers to Māori self-rule and self-determination — mana, in this context, can be understood as "authority" or "power", while motuhake can be understood as...

 party gained second place, but the party did not gain a substantial number of votes elsewhere.

No independent candidates won seats, but one independent candidate, Mel Courtney

Mel Courtney

Melvyn Francis Courtney is a former Labour then Independent Member of Parliament for Nelson, in the South Island of New Zealand.-Member of Parliament:...

, was placed second in the electorate of Nelson.

MPs Elected in 1984
Key:	Labour Party New Zealand Labour Party The New Zealand Labour Party is a New Zealand political party. It describes itself as centre-left and socially progressive and has been one of the two primary parties of New Zealand politics since 1935....	National Party New Zealand National Party The New Zealand National Party is the largest party in the New Zealand House of Representatives and in November 2008 formed a minority government with support from three minor parties.-Policies:...	New Zealand Party New Zealand Party width=300|thumb|Party logoThe New Zealand Party was a political party operating in New Zealand. It was established by millionaire property tycoon Bob Jones, and promoted both social and economic liberalization. The New Zealand Party's motto was "Freedom and Prosperity", and it has sometimes been...
	Social Credit Party Social Credit Party (New Zealand) The New Zealand Social Credit Party was a political party which served as the country's "third party" from the 1950s through into the 1980s. The party held a number of seats in the New Zealand Parliament, although never more than two at a time...	Mana Motuhake	Independent
Electorate	Incumbent	Winner	Second Place
Ashburton	Rob Talbot Rob Talbot Robert Leslie Gapper Talbot was a New Zealand politician of the National Party. A Muldoon loyalist, he was a cabinet minister 1981-84 in the Third National Government, as Postmaster-General and Minister of Tourism ....		G Stone
Auckland Central	Richard Prebble Richard Prebble Richard William Prebble CBE, born 7 February 1948, was for many years a member of the New Zealand Parliament. Initially a member of the Labour Party, he joined the newly formed ACT New Zealand party under Roger Douglas in 1996.-Early and personal life:...		M Eardley-Wilmot
Avon Avon (New Zealand electorate) Avon is a former New Zealand Parliamentary electorate.-Population centres:The electorate is in the eastern suburbs of Christchurch, New Zealand, based on the suburb of Avonside.-History:...	Mary Batchelor Mary Batchelor Mary Dorothy Batchelor, QSO was a Labour Member of Parliament for the Avon electorate for 15 years from 1972 to 1987....		A P Cowie
Awarua	Rex Austin Rex Austin William Rex Austin, known as Rex Austin, was a New Zealand politician of the National Party.In the 1975 election he was elected to Parliament as the National Party MP for Awarua, which he represented until 1987....		B G Raitt
Bay of Islands Bay of Islands (New Zealand electorate) Bay of Islands is a former New Zealand Parliamentary electorate. It existed during various periods between 1853 and 1993.-Population centres:...	Neill Austin		L W Hunter
Birkenhead Birkenhead (New Zealand electorate) Birkenhead was a New Zealand Parliamentary electorate, from 1969 to 1996.-Population Centres:This suburban electorate is on the North Shore of Auckland.-History:...	Jim McLay Jim McLay James Kenneth McLay, CNZM, QSO , generally known as Jim McLay, is a former New Zealand politician. He was Deputy Prime Minister, leader of the National Party and Leader of the Opposition for a short time. McLay is currently New Zealand's Permanent Representative to the United Nations.-Early...		J E T Course
Christchurch Central Christchurch Central Christchurch Central is a New Zealand Parliamentary electorate in the South Island city of Christchurch. The electorate was established for the 1946 election and has always been won by the Labour Party. Since 2008, the incumbent is Brendon Burns...	Geoffrey Palmer		A A P Willy
Christchurch North Christchurch North (New Zealand electorate) Christchurch North is a former New Zealand Parliamentary electorate.The electorate was in the northern suburbs of Christchurch, New Zealand.-History:The electorate existed three times:*1881 to 1890;*1905 to 1946;...	New Electorate	Mike Moore	D J L Dumergue
Clutha Clutha (New Zealand electorate) Clutha was a New Zealand Parliamentary electorate, from 1866 to 1996.-Population centres:This electorate is in the rural part of Southland.-History:The electorate was established in 1866...	Robin Gray Robin Gray (New Zealand) Sir Robert "Robin" McDowall Gray is a former New Zealand politician. He was an MP from 1978 to 1996, and served as Speaker of the House of Representatives between 1990 and 1993.-Early life:Gray was born in Borgue, Scotland...		M J Sheppard
Dunedin North Dunedin North (New Zealand electorate) Dunedin North is a New Zealand parliamentary electorate, returning one Member of Parliament to the New Zealand House of Representatives. It was established for the 1905 election and has existed since....	Stan Rodger Stan Rodger Stanley Joseph Rodger was a New Zealand politician of the Labour Party.He represented the electorate of Dunedin North in Parliament from 1978 to 1990, when he retired and was replaced by Pete Hodgson. He was the Minister of Labour and formerly employed by the Public Service Association...		B Henderson
Dunedin West	New Electorate	Clive Matthewson Clive Matthewson Clive Denby Matthewson MNZM , is a former New Zealand politician.Matthewson was originally a member of the Labour Party, representing the Dunedin West seat. He left Labour in 1995 to jointly establish the United New Zealand party with six other sitting MPs...	D G P Russell
East Cape East Cape (New Zealand electorate) East Cape is a former New Zealand Parliamentary electorate, from 1978 to 1993.-History:The East Cape electorate was created in 1978. The seat was carved from the Bay of Plenty Electorate following a major redistribution. Originally it spanned from Whakatane in the north to the Gisborne suburb of...	Duncan MacIntyre Duncan MacIntyre (New Zealand) Brigadier-General Duncan MacIntyre, CMG, DSO, OBE, ED, PC was a New Zealand politician of the National Party. He served as Deputy Prime Minister from 1981 to 1984 under Prime Minister Robert Muldoon.-Member of Parliament:...	Anne Fraser Anne Fraser Lowson Anne Fraser née Collins was a New Zealand politician of the Labour Party.-Parliamentary career:She represented the electorate of East Cape in Parliament from 1984 to 1990. She retired from Parliament in 1990...	R J Leeming
East Coast Bays East Coast Bays (New Zealand electorate) East Coast Bays is a New Zealand parliamentary electorate. It was first formed in 1972 and has existed apart from a break lasting two parliamentary terms. The electorate is currently held by Murray McCully.-Population centres:...	Gary Knapp Gary Knapp Garry Thomas Knapp was a New Zealand politician of the Social Credit Party.He became Member of Parliament for East Coast Bays in 1980 when he defeated National candidate Don Brash in the 1980 by-election in East Coast Bays caused by the resignation of the sitting National MP...		Murray McCully Murray McCully Murray Stuart McCully is a New Zealand politician. He is a member of the National Party, and Minister of Foreign Affairs, Minister for Sport and Recreation, and Minister for the Rugby World Cup.-Early life:...
Eastern Hutt	Trevor Young Trevor Young Trevor James Young was a New Zealand politician of the Labour Party.He represented the electorate of Hutt in Parliament from 1968 to 1978, and then the Eastern Hutt electorate from 1978 to 1990, when he was replaced by Paul Swain....		M J McLauchlan
Eden Eden (New Zealand electorate) Eden is a former New Zealand Parliamentary electorate, in the city of Auckland.-Population Centres:The electorate is urban, and comprises a number of inner-city suburbs in the central-south part of Auckland.-History:...	Aussie Malcolm Aussie Malcolm Anthony George "Aussie" Malcolm is a former National Party politician in New Zealand.-Early years:Aussie Malcolm was born in Australia, educated in Canada and Australia , and then attended Wellington College and Victoria University of Wellington...	Richard Northey Richard Northey Richard John Northey, ONZM is a New Zealand politician. He was an MP from 1984 to 1990, and again from 1993 to 1996. He currently serves on the Auckland Council, and is a member of the Labour Party.-Member of Parliament:...	Aussie Malcolm Aussie Malcolm Anthony George "Aussie" Malcolm is a former National Party politician in New Zealand.-Early years:Aussie Malcolm was born in Australia, educated in Canada and Australia , and then attended Wellington College and Victoria University of Wellington...
Fendalton Fendalton (New Zealand electorate) Fendalton is a former New Zealand Parliamentary electorate. It existed during two periods between 1946 and 1996. The electorate was in the western suburbs of Christchurch, New Zealand...	Philip Burdon Philip Burdon Philip Burdon is a former New Zealand politician and lawyer by profession. He is also part owner of Meadow Mushrooms. He was an MP from 1981 to 1996, representing the National Party...		M J Dobson
Franklin Franklin (New Zealand electorate) Franklin was a rural New Zealand parliamentary electorate. It existed from 1861 to 1996 during four periods.-Population centres:The original electorate from 1861 to 1881 included the South Auckland towns of Papatoetoe, Papakura, Pukekohe and Waiuku, and west of Waiuku to the West Coast...	New Electorate	Bill Birch Bill Birch Sir William Francis Birch, GNZM , usually known as Bill Birch, is a former New Zealand politician. He served as Minister of Finance for several years in the fourth National government.-Early life:...	R Haywood
Gisborne Gisborne (New Zealand electorate) -Population Centres:The electorate is based on the city of Gisborne.-History:The electorate existed from 1908 to 1996, when it was replaced by the Mahia electorate, which was renamed East Coast from 2002.-Election results:Key -External links:...	Bob Bell Robert Linfield Bell Robert Linfield Bell was a New Zealand politician of the National Party.He represented the Gisborne electorate in Parliament from 1975 to 1984, when he was defeated by Allan Wallbank.-References:...	Allan Wallbank Allan Wallbank Allan Robert Wallbank was a New Zealand politician of the Labour Party.He represented the electorate of Gisborne in Parliament from 1984 to 1990. He was defeated by Wayne Kimber; one of a number of losses contributing to the fall of the Fourth Labour Government.-References:...	Bob Bell Robert Linfield Bell Robert Linfield Bell was a New Zealand politician of the National Party.He represented the Gisborne electorate in Parliament from 1975 to 1984, when he was defeated by Allan Wallbank.-References:...
Glenfield Glenfield (New Zealand electorate) Glenfield was a New Zealand Parliamentary electorate, from 1984 to 1996.-Population Centres:This suburban electorate is on the North Shore of Auckland.-History:...	New Electorate	Judy Keall Judy Keall Judith Mary Keall is a former New Zealand politician. She was an MP from 1984 to 1990, and again from 1993 to 2002, representing the Labour Party....	D L Schnauer
Hamilton East Hamilton East (New Zealand electorate) Hamilton East is a New Zealand Parliamentary electorate.It is currently held by David Bennett MP of the National Party.-Population centres:...	Ian Shearer Ian Shearer Ian John Shearer was a New Zealand politician of the National Party.He represented the Hamilton East electorate in Parliament from 1975 to 1984, when he was defeated by Bill Dillon. He was a cabinet minister.-References:...	Bill Dillon	Ian Shearer Ian Shearer Ian John Shearer was a New Zealand politician of the National Party.He represented the Hamilton East electorate in Parliament from 1975 to 1984, when he was defeated by Bill Dillon. He was a cabinet minister.-References:...
Hamilton West Hamilton West (New Zealand electorate) Hamilton West is a New Zealand Parliamentary electorate.It has been held by Tim Macindoe MP of the National Party since the 2008 general election.-Population centres:...	Mike Minogue Mike Minogue Michael John "Mike" Minogue was a National Party politician, lawyer and mayor.He was Mayor of Hamilton, New Zealand between 1968 and 1976, when he resigned to become a Member of Parliament...	Trevor Mallard Trevor Mallard Trevor Colin Mallard is a New Zealand politician. He was a Cabinet Minister in the Fifth Labour Government of New Zealand holding portfolios including Environment, Labour, Broadcasting, State Owned Enterprises, Rugby World Cup and Education. He was also Associate Minister of Finance.-Early...	Mike Minogue Mike Minogue Michael John "Mike" Minogue was a National Party politician, lawyer and mayor.He was Mayor of Hamilton, New Zealand between 1968 and 1976, when he resigned to become a Member of Parliament...
Hastings Hastings (New Zealand electorate) Hastings was a parliamentary electorate in the Hawke's Bay region of New Zealand from 1946 to 1996.The electorate was represented by nine Members of Parliament: Edward Luttrell Cullen 1946-49, Sydney Jones 1949-54, Edwin Keating 1954-60, Duncan MacIntyre 1960-72, Richard Mayson 1972-75, William...	David Butcher David Butcher David John Butcher is a former New Zealand politician of the Labour Party.He represented the electorate of Hastings in Parliament from 1978 to 1990, when he was defeated by Jeff Whitaker: one of a number of losses contributing to the fall of the Fourth Labour Government...		P D Brown
Hauraki Hauraki (New Zealand electorate) Hauraki is a former New Zealand Parliamentary electorate, from 1928 to 1987 and 1993 to 1996. In the 1987 general election it was renamed Coromandel, the name that had been used from 1972 to 1981...	Graeme Lee Graeme Lee Graeme Ernest Lee, MZNM, JP is a former New Zealand politician. Originally a National Party MP, he broke away to found the Christian Democrat Party.-Member of Parliament:...		A D T Thompson
Hawkes Bay Hawkes Bay (New Zealand electorate) Hawkes Bay was a parliamentary electorate in the Hawke's Bay region of New Zealand from 1881 to 1996.The electorate was represented by twelve Members of Parliament:-Election results:Key...	Richard Harrison	Bill Sutton	Richard Harrison
Heretaunga Heretaunga (New Zealand electorate) Heretaunga is a former New Zealand Parliamentary electorate, in the city of Upper Hutt.-Population centres:The electorate was urban, and was based on Heretaunga a suburb of Upper Hutt in the northern Hutt Valley.-History:...	Bill Jeffries Bill Jeffries William Patrick "Bill" Jeffries was a New Zealand politician of the Labour Party.He represented the Heretaunga electorate from 1981 to 1990, when he was defeated by a National candidate in a swing against Labour....		A J MacFarlane
Horowhenua Horowhenua (New Zealand electorate) Horowhenua was a New Zealand parliamentary electorate, from 1978 to 1996.-Population centres:The electorate covers the Horowhenua District, and the main towns are Levin.-History:...	Geoff Thompson Geoffrey Thompson Geoffrey "Geoff" William Fleetwood Thompson, CNZM was the former New Zealand Member of Parliament for Horowhenua, in the North Island.-Member of Parliament:...	Annette King Annette King Annette Faye King is a New Zealand politician. She is the current Deputy Leader of the Opposition in the New Zealand. She was a Cabinet Minister in the Fifth Labour Government of New Zealand.-Early life:...	Geoff Thompson Geoffrey Thompson Geoffrey "Geoff" William Fleetwood Thompson, CNZM was the former New Zealand Member of Parliament for Horowhenua, in the North Island.-Member of Parliament:...
Invercargill Invercargill (New Zealand electorate) Invercargill is an electorate of the Parliament of New Zealand that has existed since 1866. The current representative is Eric Roy.-Population centres:The electorate covers Invercargill city and the surrounding rural area, including Stewart Island / Rakiura...	Norman Jones		D E H Soper
Island Bay Island Bay (New Zealand electorate) Island Bay is a former New Zealand electorate, centred on Island Bay in the southern suburbs of Wellington.-History:The seat was held by five MPs from the Labour Party for the whole of its existence from 1946 to 1996....	Frank O'Flynn Frank O'Flynn Francis Duncan O'Flynn QC. was a New Zealand politician of the Labour Party.He represented the seat of Kapiti from 1972 to 1975, when he was defeated, and then Island Bay from 1978 to 1990, when he retired. He was the Minister of Defence from 1984 to 1987.He was a Queen's Counsel...		J Kananghinis
Kaimai Kaimai (New Zealand electorate) Kaimai is a former New Zealand Parliamentary electorate, from 1978 to 1996. In 1996 the MP Robert Anderson was selected for the new seat of Coromandel, but retired due to illness, and was replaced by Murray McLean, who won the new seat.-History:...	Bruce Townshend Bruce Townshend Charles Bruce Townshend, known as Bruce Townshend was a New Zealand politician of the National Party.He represented the Kaimai electorate in Parliament from 1978 to 1987, when he died. Robert Anderson was elected later that year to replace him.-References:New Zealand Parliamentary Record 1840-1984...		L J B Dickson
Kaipara Kaipara (New Zealand electorate) -Population Centres:The electorate is rural and north of Auckland city, in the North Auckland region.-History:The electorate was created in 1902, and abolished in 1946. From 1911 the seat was represented by Gordon Coates , until he died in 1943...	Peter Ian Wilkinson	Lockwood Smith Lockwood Smith Alexander Lockwood Smith is a New Zealand politician, the 28th and current Speaker of the House of Representatives. Smith is a member of the New Zealand National Party, who has served as a Member of Parliament since 1984...	W J Campbell
Kapiti Kapiti (New Zealand electorate) Kapiti was a New Zealand Parliamentary electorate, from 1972 to 1996.-Population centres:The main population centres in the electorate were Paraparaumu, Raumati and Waikanae, north of Wellington on the Kapiti Coast.-History:...	Margaret Shields Margaret Shields Dame Margaret Kerslake Shields, DNZM, QSO, JP is a former New Zealand politician of the Labour Party.She represented the electorate of Kapiti in Parliament from 1981 to 1990, when she was defeated by Roger Sowry, one of a number of losses contributing to the fall of the Fourth Labour Government...		I J Oakley
King Country King Country (New Zealand electorate) King Country is a former New Zealand Parliamentary electorate.-Population centres:The King Country is a largely rural area with a dispersed population. It has no cities. The largest towns are Otorohanga and Te Kuiti.-History:...	Jim Bolger Jim Bolger James Brendan "Jim" Bolger, ONZ was the 35th Prime Minister of New Zealand from 1990 to 1997. Bolger was elected on the promise of delivering a "Decent Society" following the previous Labour government's economic reforms, known as Rogernomics...		J E Simons
Lyttelton Lyttelton (New Zealand electorate) Lyttelton is a former New Zealand Parliamentary electorate. It existed from 1853–90, and again from 1893–1996, when it was replaced by the Banks Peninsula electorate.-Population Centres:...	Ann Hercus Ann Hercus Dame Margaret Ann Sayers Hercus DCMG, BA, LLB , best known as Ann Hercus, is a New Zealand politician and diplomat...		D G Graham
Manawatu Manawatu (New Zealand electorate) Manawatu was a parliamentary electorate in the Manawatu-Wanganui Region of New Zealand that existed during three periods between 1871 and 1996.-History:The electorate existed during three periods: from 1871 to 1890, 1896 to 1911, and 1919 to 1996....	Michael Cox Michael Cox (Politician) Michael Ernest Christopher Cox, , was a New Zealand politician of the National Party.He represented the Manawatu electorate in Parliament from 1978 to 1987, when he was defeated by David Robinson...		D C Alton
Mangere Mangere (New Zealand electorate) Māngere is a New Zealand Parliamentary electorate, returning one Member of Parliament to the New Zealand House of Representatives. The current MP for Māngere is Su'a William Sio, elected for the Labour Party. He has held this seat since 2008....	David Lange David Lange David Russell Lange, ONZ, CH , served as the 32nd Prime Minister of New Zealand from 1984 to 1989. He headed New Zealand's fourth Labour Government, one of the most reforming administrations in his country's history, but one which did not always conform to traditional expectations of a...		P L Saunders
Manurewa Manurewa (New Zealand electorate) Manurewa is a New Zealand Parliamentary electorate.It is currently held by George Hawkins MP.-Population Centres:The electorate includes the following population centres:...	Roger Douglas Roger Douglas Sir Roger Owen Douglas , is a New Zealand politician who formerly served as a senior New Zealand Labour Party Cabinet minister. He became arguably best-known for his prominent role in the radical economic restructuring undertaken by the Fourth Labour Government during the 1980s...		S Leenstra
Marlborough Marlborough (New Zealand electorate) Marlborough is a former New Zealand Parliamentary electorate, in the Marlborough region at the top of the South Island.-Population Centres:The electorate is rural. It is a noted wine area where grapes are grown for wine. The largest town is Blenheim, with Picton the only port.* -History:The...	Doug Kidd Doug Kidd Sir Douglas Lorimer Kidd, KNZM is a former New Zealand politician. He was an MP from 1978 to 2002, representing the National Party. He served for three years as Speaker of the House of Representatives.-Early life:...		G MacDonald
Matamata Matamata (New Zealand electorate) Matamata was a New Zealand parliamentary electorate in the Waikato, from 1978 to 1996. It was a rural and safe National electorate, held by Jack Luxton from 1978 to 1987, and then by his son John Luxton from 1987 to 1996.-Population centres:...	John Luxton John Luxton Murray John Finlay Luxton, QSO is a former New Zealand National Party politician, and a son of Jack Luxton who had previously held the same seat of Matamata...		R I Clow
Miramar Miramar (New Zealand electorate) Miramar was a New Zealand parliamentary electorate in the south-eastern suburbs of Wellington. It was created in 1946, replacing Wellington East, and was replaced by Rongotai for the first MMP election of 1996.-History:...	Peter Neilson		D Crosbie
Mount Albert Mount Albert (New Zealand electorate) Mount Albert is a Parliamentary electorate in Auckland, New Zealand, returning one Member of Parliament to the New Zealand House of Representatives. It has been represented by David Shearer since a by-election on 13 June 2009. It was represented by Helen Clark from the 1981 general election until...	Helen Clark Helen Clark Helen Elizabeth Clark, ONZ is a New Zealand political figure who was the 37th Prime Minister of New Zealand for three consecutive terms from 1999 to 2008...		R O Cavanagh
Napier Napier (New Zealand electorate) thumb|right|Boundaries of Napier Electorate for 2008 and 2011 electionsNapier is a New Zealand Parliamentary electorate, returning one Member of Parliament to the New Zealand House of Representatives. The current MP for Napier is Chris Tremain, of the National Party. He has held this position since...	Geoff Braybrooke Geoff Braybrooke Geoffrey Bernard Braybrooke, QSO is a former New Zealand politician. He was an MP from 1981 to 2002, representing the Labour Party. He was one of the party's more conservative MPs.-Early years:...		M P Liddell
Nelson Nelson (New Zealand electorate) Nelson is a New Zealand Parliamentary electorate, returning one Member of Parliament to the New Zealand House of Representatives. From 1853 to 1860, the electorate was called Town of Nelson. From 1860 to 1881, it was City of Nelson...	Philip Woollaston Philip Woollaston Hon Philip Tosswill Edmond Woollaston was a New Zealand member of Parliament of the Labour Party from 1981 to 1990 and Mayor of Nelson, New Zealand from 1992 to 1998....		Mel Courtney Mel Courtney Melvyn Francis Courtney is a former Labour then Independent Member of Parliament for Nelson, in the South Island of New Zealand.-Member of Parliament:...
New Lynn New Lynn (New Zealand electorate) New Lynn is a New Zealand Parliamentary electorate, returning one member to the New Zealand House of Representatives. Its current representative is David Cunliffe, a member of the Labour Party. He has represented the seat since 2002. Cunliffe was the MP for Titirangi from 1999 to 2002...	Jonathan Hunt Jonathan Hunt (New Zealand) Jonathan Lucas Hunt, ONZ is a New Zealand politician, and was New Zealand's High Commissioner to the United Kingdom from 2005 to March 2008. He formerly served as Speaker of the New Zealand House of Representatives. He is a member of the Labour Party, and was until recently the longest-serving MP...		R A Hanson
New Plymouth New Plymouth (New Zealand electorate) New Plymouth is a New Zealand Parliamentary electorate. It was first created for the 1st New Zealand Parliament in 1853 and has existed since, with one 22-year interruption...	Tony Friedlander Tony Friedlander Anthony Peter David Friedlander was a New Zealand politician of the National Party.He represented the New Plymouth electorate in Parliament from 1975 to 1987, when he was defeated by Harry Duynhoven...		Ida Gaskin
North Shore North Shore (New Zealand electorate) North Shore is a New Zealand Parliamentary electorate returning one Member of Parliament to the New Zealand House of Representatives. The current MP for North Shore is Wayne Mapp MP of the National Party...	George Gair George Gair George Frederick Gair, CMG, QSO is a former New Zealand politician. He was once deputy leader of the National Party in the Parliament of New Zealand, and was considered by many to be a possible contender for the leadership itself...		P J Harris
Ohariu Ohariu Ōhariu is a New Zealand Parliamentary electorate returning one Member of Parliament to the New Zealand House of Representatives. It was contested for the first time at the 2008 election. It is the successor to Ohariu-Belmont, first contested at the first Mixed Member Proportional election in 1996...	Hugh Templeton Hugh Templeton Hugh Campbell Templeton QSO AO is a former New Zealand diplomat, politician and member of parliament for the National Party.-Early life and family:Templeton was born in Southland...	Peter Dunne Peter Dunne Peter Dunne is a New Zealand politician and Member of Parliament who leads the United Future political party. He has served as a Cabinet minister in governments dominated by the centre-left Labour Party as well as by the centre-right National Party...	Hugh Templeton Hugh Templeton Hugh Campbell Templeton QSO AO is a former New Zealand diplomat, politician and member of parliament for the National Party.-Early life and family:Templeton was born in Southland...
Onehunga Onehunga (New Zealand electorate) Onehunga is a former New Zealand Parliamentary electorate, in the city of Auckland.-Population centres:The electorate is urban, and comprises a number of suburbs in the southern part of Auckland.* -History:...	Fred Gerbic Fred Gerbic Frederick "Fred" Miroslav Gerbic, MBE was a New Zealand politician of the Labour Party.-Member of Parliament:He was elected in the ensuing by-election to replace Frank Rogers in the seat of Onehunga when Rogers died in 1980. He retired in 1990, when he was defeated by National's Graham...		C A Freeman
Otago Otago (New Zealand electorate) Otago was a New Zealand Parliamentary electorate,which was replaced by the Waitaki electorate and Clutha-Southland electorates for the 2008 election....	Warren Cooper Warren Cooper Warren Cooper QSO is a former New Zealand politician. He was a National Party MP from 1975 to 1996, holding cabinet positions including Minister of Foreign Affairs and Minister of Defence. Cooper also twice served as Mayor of Queenstown, from 1968 to 1975 and 1995 to 2001.-Early life:Cooper was...		J D Polson
Otara Otara (New Zealand electorate) Otara was a New Zealand parliamentary electorate, from 1984 to 1993.-Population centres:This suburban electorate is in the southern part of greater Auckland.-History:The electorate was established in the 1984 election...	New Electorate	Colin Moyle Colin Moyle Colin James Moyle, CBE is a former politician of the New Zealand Labour Party. He was a Government Minister in the Third Labour and Fourth Labour Governments. In the Fourth Labour Government he oversaw the removal of farming subsidies and the establishment of a fisheries quota system.-Early...	M M M Tahia
Pahiatua Pahiatua (New Zealand electorate) -History:The Pahiatua electorate existed from 1896 to 1996. Early holders of the seat were John O'Meara from 1896 to 1904, William Henry Hawkins from 1904 to 1905, Robert Beatson Ross from 1905 to 1911, James Escott from 1911 to 1916, George Smith from 1916 to 1919, Archibald McNicol from 1919 to...	John Falloon John Falloon John Howard Falloon was a New Zealand politician. He was an MP from 1977 to 1996, representing the National Party in the Pahiatua electorate....		M Brazendale
Pakuranga Pakuranga (New Zealand electorate) rightPakuranga is a New Zealand Parliamentary electorate.It is currently held by Maurice Williamson MP, a member of the National Party.-Population centres:Pakuranga is one of sixty-three general electorates used in New Zealand general elections...	Pat Hunt Pat Hunt Thomas de Vere Hunt was a New Zealand politician of the National Party.In 1978 Hunt replaced Gavin Downie as the National candidate for Pakuranga, in a controversial challenge to a sitting MP....	Neil Morrison Neil Morrison Neil Joseph Morrison was a New Zealand politician of the Social Credit Party.He won the Pakuranga seat in the 1984 election by 419 votes, from two-term MP Pat Hunt. Garry Knapp retained East Coast Bays, but the party leader Bruce Beetham lost his Rangitikei seat.In 1986 Beetham lost the leadership...	Pat Hunt Pat Hunt Thomas de Vere Hunt was a New Zealand politician of the National Party.In 1978 Hunt replaced Gavin Downie as the National candidate for Pakuranga, in a controversial challenge to a sitting MP....
Palmerston North Palmerston North (New Zealand electorate) Palmerston North is a New Zealand Parliamentary electorate, returning one Member of Parliament to the New Zealand House of Representatives. The current MP for Palmerston North is Iain Lees-Galloway of the Labour Party...	Trevor De Cleene Trevor De Cleene Trevor Albert de Cleene was a New Zealand politician of the Labour Party, and a lawyer.-Member of Parliament:He represented the Palmerston North electorate in Parliament from 1981 to 1990....		C G Singleton
Panmure Panmure (New Zealand electorate) Panmure is a former New Zealand Parliamentary electorate in the southern suburbs of the city of Auckland, from 1984 to 1996.-History:It was a safe Labour seat, held by Bob Tizard and then by his daughter Judith Tizard when he retired. When it was abolished in 1996, Judith Tizard transferred to...	New Electorate	Bob Tizard	C Tedesco
Papakura Papakura (New Zealand electorate) rightPapakura has been the name of two seats in the New Zealand House of Representatives, both based around the south Auckland town of Papakura. Historically, the name refers to an electorate that existed between 1978 and 1996, which with the advent of Mixed Member Proportional voting and resulting...	Merv Wellington Merv Wellington Mervyn Langlois "Merv" Wellington, QSO was a New Zealand politician of the National Party.-Member of Parliament:...		D L John
Papatoetoe Papatoetoe (New Zealand electorate) Papatoetoe is a former New Zealand Parliamentary electorate, and is part of greater Auckland.-Population centres:The electorate is urban-suburban, based on the suburb of Papatoetoe, and is in South Auckland.-History:...	Eddie Isbey Eddie Isbey Edward Emanuel Isbey was a New Zealand politician of the Labour Party.He represented the electorates of Grey Lynn from 1969 to 1978, and then Papatoetoe from 1978 to 1987, when he retired. He was replaced in the Papatoetoe seat by Ross Robertson.He was formerly a union official.-References:New...		P F O'Brien
Pencarrow Pencarrow (New Zealand electorate) Pencarrow is a former Parliamentary electorate in the lower Hutt Valley of New Zealand, from 1978 to 1996.-Population centres:The electorate is based on the southern part of the city of Lower Hutt.-History:...	Fraser Colman Fraser Colman Fraser MacDonald Colman QSO was a New Zealand politician of the Labour Party.He represented the electorates of Petone from 1967 to 1978, and then when Petone was renamed, Pencarrow from 1978 to 1987, when he retired. He was replaced in Pencarrow by Sonya Davies.-Early life:Colman was born in...		K J B Cranston
Porirua Porirua (New Zealand electorate) Porirua was a New Zealand Parliamentary electorate in the North Island. It existed during two periods; from 1860 to 1870, and then from 1963 to 1996.-Population centres:This electorate is based on Porirua City, north of Wellington.-History:...	Gerard Wall Gerard Wall Gerard Aloysius Wall, FRCS, was a surgeon and a politician in New Zealand. He was Speaker of the New Zealand House of Representatives from 1985 to 1987....		A L Gadsby
Raglan Raglan (New Zealand electorate) -History:The Raglan electorate existed from 1861 to 1870, from 1911 to 1978, and then from 1984 to 1996.In 1996, Simon Upton who was then the MP for Raglan chose to become a list MP...	New Electorate	Simon Upton Simon Upton Simon David Upton, QSO is a former New Zealand politician and member of Parliament from 1981 to 2001, representing the National Party.-Early life:...	L Holmes
Rangiora Rangiora (New Zealand electorate) Rangiora is a former New Zealand Parliamentary electorate, based on the town of Rangiora.-Population Centres:The electorate is based on the town of Rangiora and the surrounding rural area, and is north of Christchurch in North Canterbury.-History:...	Derek Quigley Derek Quigley Derek Francis Quigley, QSO is a former New Zealand politician. He was a prominent member of the National Party during the late 1970s and early 1980s, and was known for his support of free market economics and trade liberalization...	Jim Gerard Jim Gerard Richard James Gerard is a former New Zealand politician. He was a National Party member of parliament from 1984 to 1997.-Member of Parliament:...	B C Tomlinson
Rangitikei Rangitikei (New Zealand electorate) rightRangitīkei is a New Zealand Parliamentary electorate, returning one Member of Parliament to the New Zealand House of Representatives. The current MP for Rangitīkei is Simon Power of the National Party...	Bruce Beetham Bruce Beetham Bruce Craig Beetham was an academic and politician from New Zealand, whose career spanned the 1970s and early 1980s.A lecturer at Hamilton's University of Waikato and at the Hamilton Teacher's Training College, he was elected leader of the Social Credit Party in 1972, at a time when the party was...	Dennis Marshall	Bruce Beetham Bruce Beetham Bruce Craig Beetham was an academic and politician from New Zealand, whose career spanned the 1970s and early 1980s.A lecturer at Hamilton's University of Waikato and at the Hamilton Teacher's Training College, he was elected leader of the Social Credit Party in 1972, at a time when the party was...
Remuera Remuera (New Zealand electorate) Remuera is a former New Zealand Parliamentary electorate, in the city of Auckland.-Population Centres:The electorate is urban, and comprises a number of Auckland suburbs. The area is high-income, and has been represented by a succession of National MPs....	Doug Graham Doug Graham Sir Douglas Arthur Montrose "Doug" Graham KNZM is a former New Zealand politician. He was an MP from 1984 to 1999, representing the National Party.-Early life:...		K L Sandford
Rodney Rodney (New Zealand electorate) rightRodney is a New Zealand Parliamentary electorate, returning one Member of Parliament to the New Zealand House of Representatives. The current MP for Rodney is Mark Mitchell of the National Party...	New Electorate	Don McKinnon Don McKinnon Sir Donald Charles "Don" McKinnon, ONZ, GCVO is a former Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs of New Zealand. He was the Secretary-General of the Commonwealth of Nations from 2000 until 2008.-Early life:...	B R Dent
Roskill Roskill (New Zealand electorate) Roskill was a New Zealand parliamentary electorate, from 1919 to 1996.-Population centres:The electorate is in the western suburbs of Auckland, New Zealand.-History:...	Phil Goff Phil Goff Philip Bruce Goff is the current Leader of the Opposition and the Leader of the New Zealand Labour Party. During the Fifth Labour Government, he served in a number of ministerial portfolios, including Minister of Defence of New Zealand, Minister of Corrections, Minister of Foreign Affairs and...		C N Knowles
Rotorua Rotorua (New Zealand electorate) Rotorua is a New Zealand Parliamentary electorate, returning one Member of Parliament to the New Zealand House of Representatives. The current MP for Rotorua is Todd McClay of the National Party, who won the seat in the 2008 general election from incumbent Labour MP Steve Chadwick.- Location :The...	Paul East Paul East Paul Clayton East, CNZM, QC, is a former New Zealand politician.-Early life:Paul East was educated at King's College and The University of Auckland He was a Member of Parliament from 1978 to 1999, representing the National Party....		B D Arps
St Albans St Albans (New Zealand electorate) St Albans was a parliamentary electorate in Christchurch, New Zealand from 1881 to 1890, then from 1946 to 1996.-Population centres:The electorate was centred on the Christchurch suburb of St Albans.-History:...	David Caygill David Caygill David Caygill, CBE is a former New Zealand politician. After being New Zealand's youngest city councillor at 22 , he was an MP from 1978 to 1996, representing the Labour Party...		I G B Wilson
St Kilda St Kilda (New Zealand electorate) -Population centres:The electorate is in the southern suburbs of Dunedin, New Zealand, and was centered on the suburb of St Kilda.-History:The electorate was created in 1946, and was abolished in 1996 , when it was absorbed into the Dunedin South electorate.-Election results:-External links:...	Michael Cullen		J S Clark
Selwyn Selwyn (New Zealand electorate) Selwyn is the name of three seats in the New Zealand House of Representatives, based around towns on the outskirts of Christchurch city. In an historical sense, the name refers to an electorate that existed between 1866 and 1919...	Ruth Richardson Ruth Richardson Ruth Richardson served as New Zealand's Minister of Finance from 1990 to 1993, and is known for her strong pursuit of free-market economic reforms .-Early life:...		C E Manning
Sydenham Sydenham (New Zealand electorate) Sydenham was a New Zealand parliamentary electorate, from 1881 to 1890 and again from 1946 to 1996. It had notable politicians representing it like Mabel Howard , Norman Kirk and Jim Anderton .This...	John Kirk John Kirk (New Zealand politician) Norman John Kirk, generally called John Kirk, , is a former New Zealand Member of Parliament for Sydenham, in the South Island.-Early life:...	Jim Anderton Jim Anderton James Patrick Anderton, usually known as Jim Anderton , is the leader of the Progressive Party, a New Zealand political party. He has served in Parliament since 1984. He served as Deputy Prime Minister from 1999 to 2002 and is currently also the sitting Father of the House, the longest...	E L Bonisch
Tamaki Tamaki (New Zealand electorate) Tāmaki is a New Zealand Parliamentary electorate, returning one Member of Parliament to the New Zealand House of Representatives. The electorate is named after the Tamaki River that runs immediately east of the seat...	Robert Muldoon Robert Muldoon Sir Robert David "Rob" Muldoon, GCMG, CH served as the 31st Prime Minister of New Zealand from 1975 to 1984, as leader of the governing National Party. Muldoon had been a prominent member of the National party and MP for the Tamaki electorate for some years prior to becoming leader of the party...		R Tulloch
Taranaki Taranaki (New Zealand electorate) -History:The electorate existed from 1881 to 1928, and from 1978 to 1996. In 1996 it was combined with the adjacent King Country to form the Taranaki-King Country electorate.-Election results:...	David Thomson David Spence Thomson David Spence Thomson, MC was a New Zealand politician of the National Party.He was a dairy farmer, born in Stratford, the son of former Stratford mayor Percy Thomson....	Roger Maxwell Roger Maxwell Roger Francis Hamilton Maxwell, QSO is a former New Zealand politician. He was an MP from 1984 to 1999, representing the National Party.He was first elected to Parliament in the 1984 elections as MP for Taranaki, succeeding David Thomson...	G N Waters
Tarawera Tarawera (New Zealand electorate) Tarawera is a former New Zealand Parliamentary electorate, from 1978 to 1996.-History:The Tarawa electorate was created in 1978.In 1996, the first MMP election, the electorate was included in the Rotorua electorate.-Election results:-References:...	Ian McLean Ian McLean (New Zealand) Ian McLean was a New Zealand politician of the National Party.He represented the Tarawera electorate from the 1978 general election to 1990, when he retired and was replaced by Max Bradford.-References:...		M R Moore
Tasman Tasman (New Zealand electorate) Tasman is a former New Zealand Parliamentary electorate, from 1972 to 1996.-History:The Tasman and West Coast electorates replaced the former Buller and Westland electorates in 1972....	Bill Rowling Bill Rowling Sir Wallace Edward Rowling, KCMG , often known as Bill Rowling, was the 30th Prime Minister of New Zealand. He was in office for just over a year, having been appointed Prime Minister following the death of the highly popular Norman Kirk...	Ken Shirley Ken Shirley Kenneth Lex Shirley , generally called Ken Shirley, was a New Zealand politician. He was a member of the ACT New Zealand party, although was previously a member and Cabinet minister of the Labour Party.-Member of Parliament:...	G H Hunt
Tauranga Tauranga (New Zealand electorate) Tauranga is a New Zealand Parliamentary electorate, returning one Member of Parliament to the New Zealand House of Representatives. The current MP for Tauranga is Simon Bridges of the National Party, who won the seat in the 2008 New Zealand general election, after the previous MP, Bob Clarkson of...	Keith Allen Keith Reading Allen Keith Reading Allen was a New Zealand politician of the National Party. He was a Cabinet minister who held the Customs portfolio....	Winston Peters Winston Peters Winston Raymond Peters is a New Zealand politician and leader of New Zealand First, a political party he founded in 1993. Peters has had a turbulent political career since entering Parliament in 1978. He served as Minister of Maori Affairs in the Bolger National Party Government before being...	D J Parlour
Te Atatu Te Atatu (New Zealand electorate) rightTe Atatū is a New Zealand Parliamentary electorate, returning one Member of Parliament to the New Zealand House of Representatives. The current MP for Te Atatū is Chris Carter, who is formerly of the Labour Party, but is currently an Independent MP...	Michael Bassett Michael Bassett Michael Edward Rainton Bassett, QSO is a former Labour Party member of the New Zealand House of Representatives and cabinet minister in the reformist fourth Labour government...		F W G Diment
Timaru Timaru (New Zealand electorate) Timaru is a former New Zealand Parliamentary electorate, in the South Island. It existed continuously from 1861 to 1996 and was represented by eleven Members of Parliament.-Population centres:...	Basil Arthur Basil Arthur Sir Basil Malcolm Arthur, 5th Baronet served as Speaker of the New Zealand House of Representatives from 1984 to 1985. He was a member of the Labour Party.-Early life:...		Maurice McTigue Maurice McTigue Maurice Patrick McTigue, QSO was a New Zealand politician of the National Party. He was a Cabinet Minister in the Fourth National Government from 1990 to 1993, holding the Employment portfolio, among others....
Tongariro Tongariro (New Zealand electorate) Tongariro is a former New Zealand Parliamentary electorate, from 1984 to 1996.-History:The Tongariro electorate was created in 1984.In 1996, the first MMP election the electorate was included in the Taupo electorate.-Election results:-References:...	New Electorate	Noel Scott Noel Scott Noel Scott, QSO was a New Zealand politician of the Labour Party.He represented the electorate of Tongariro in Parliament from 1984 to 1990, when he was defeated by Ian Peters, one of a number of losses contributing to the fall of the Fourth Labour Government.-References:New Zealand Parliamentary...	N F Rangi
Waikaremoana Waikaremoana (New Zealand electorate) Waikaremoana is a former New Zealand Parliamentary electorate, from 1984 to 1996.-History:The Waikaremoana electorate was created in 1984, and abolished for 1996, the first MMP election.-Election results:-References:...	New Electorate	Roger McClay Roger McClay Roger Neville McClay, QSO is a former New Zealand politician. He attended secondary school at Wesley College, Auckland.-Member of Parliament:...	J N Harré
Waikato Waikato (New Zealand electorate) rightWaikato is the name of a current electorate in the New Zealand Parliament from 2006; which earlier existed for two periods, 1871 to 1960 and 1969 to 1996 when MMP was introduced....	Simon Upton Simon Upton Simon David Upton, QSO is a former New Zealand politician and member of Parliament from 1981 to 2001, representing the National Party.-Early life:...	Rob Storey Rob Storey William Robson "Rob" Storey, QSO is a former New Zealand politician. He was an MP from 1984 to 1996, representing the National Party. He was first elected to Parliament in the 1984 elections as MP for Waikato, and retained that seat until his departure from Parliament at the 1996 elections...	P J Cleave
Waipa Waipa Waipa is a former Parliamentary electorate in the Waikato Region of New Zealand, which existed for various periods between 1876 and 1996.-History:Waipa existed from 1876 to 1890, 1893 to 1896, then from 1954 to 1969, and then from 1978 to 1996....	Marilyn Waring Marilyn Waring Marilyn Waring, CNZM, D.Phil., D.Litt. is a New Zealand feminist, a politician, an activist for female human rights and environmental issues, an author and an academic, known for her contributions to feminist economics....	Katherine O'Regan Katherine O'Regan Hon Katherine O'Regan , QSO is a former New Zealand politician. She was a MP from 1984 to 1999, representing the National Party She served as a Minister for the National Government for 6 of those years. Katherine was born to farming parents at Te Mata, on the west coast of the North Island and...	A H Allen
Wairarapa Wairarapa (New Zealand electorate) Wairarapa is a New Zealand Parliamentary electorate. It was first created in 1859 and existed until 1881. It was recreated in 1887 and has since existed continuously...	Ben Couch Ben Couch Manuera Benjamin Riwai Couch or, as he was generally known, Ben Couch , was a New Zealand politician and rugby union player and a member of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints...	Reg Boorman Reg Boorman Reginald George Boorman was a New Zealand politician of the Labour Party.He won the Wairarapa seat in 1984, when he defeated Ben Couch...	Ben Couch Ben Couch Manuera Benjamin Riwai Couch or, as he was generally known, Ben Couch , was a New Zealand politician and rugby union player and a member of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints...
Waitakere Waitakere (New Zealand electorate) Waitakere is a New Zealand Parliamentary electorate, returning one Member of Parliament to the New Zealand House of Representatives. The current MP for Waitakere is Paula Bennett of the National Party. She has held this position since the 2008 election....	Ralph Maxwell Ralph Maxwell Ralph Kerr Maxwell was a New Zealand politician of the Labour Party.He represented the electorate of Waitakere in Parliament from 1978 to 1984, then Titirangi from 1984 to 1990, when he was defeated by Marie Hasler, one of a number of losses contributing to the fall of the Fourth Labour...		J C McIntosh
Waitaki Waitaki (New Zealand electorate) Waitaki is an electorate for the New Zealand House of Representatives that crosses the boundary of North Otago and South Canterbury towns on the East Coast of the South Island. The electorate was first established for the that determined the 5th New Zealand Parliament...	Jonathan Elworthy Jonathan Elworthy Hon. Jonathan Herbert Elworthy was a New Zealand Member of Parliament for Oamaru and Waitaki, in the South Island, representing the National Party.-Member of Parliament:...	Jim Sutton Jim Sutton James Robert Sutton, CNZM , generally known as Jim Sutton, was a New Zealand politician from 1984–1990 and from 1993–2006. He has held a range of ministerial portfolios including Agriculture, Forestry, Rural Affairs, Biosecurity, and Trade Negotiations.-Biography:Sutton was born in...	Jonathan Elworthy Jonathan Elworthy Hon. Jonathan Herbert Elworthy was a New Zealand Member of Parliament for Oamaru and Waitaki, in the South Island, representing the National Party.-Member of Parliament:...
Waitotara Waitotara (New Zealand electorate) Waitotara is a former New Zealand Parliamentary electorate, in South Taranaki.-Population Centres:The electorate is rural, in South Taranaki. It is based on the town of Waitotara, and is north of the city of Wanganui.-History:...	Venn Young Venn Young Venn Spearman Young was a New Zealand politician. He was a member of the National Party, and served as a Cabinet Minister in the government of Robert Muldoon. He is known for his failed attempt to legalise "homosexual acts" in 1975.-Early life:Young was born in Stratford, Taranaki...		S C Perry
Wallace Wallace (New Zealand electorate) Wallace was a New Zealand parliamentary electorate, from 1859 to 1996.-Population centres:This electorate is in the rural part of Southland.-History:...	Derek Angus Derek Angus Derek Alan Angus was a New Zealand politician of the National Party.He represented the Wallace electorate in Parliament from 1981 to 1990, when he retired. He was replaced by Bill English.-Further reading:...		C J Fisher
Wanganui	Russell Marshall Russell Marshall Cedric Russell Marshall, CNZM was a New Zealand politician of the Labour Party, who had been a Methodist minister from 1960 to 1972, and school teacher 1955–56 and 1972.-Member of Parliament:...		Terry Heffernan Terry Heffernan Terry Heffernan was a New Zealand politician who stood for Parliament on eight separate occasions. Heffernan was originally a member of the Social Credit Party before joining the New Zealand First Party and later, the New Zealand National Party.-Early years:He was born in Oamaru and attended St...
Wellington Central Wellington Central rightWellington Central is a suburb of New Zealand's capital, Wellington, consisting of the flat, mostly reclaimed land, west of Lambton Harbour and the part of The Terrace immediately above it. It is bounded on the north by the suburb Pipitea and extends as far south as Civic Square...	Fran Wilde Fran Wilde The Honorable Fran Wilde QSO , is a New Zealand politician, and former Wellington Labour MP, Minister of Tourism and 31st Mayor of Wellington...		R A Young Rouse
West Auckland Auckland West The former New Zealand Parliamentary electorate on the western outskirts of Auckland, was known as West Auckland from 1984 to 1993. The earlier electorates were known as City of Auckland West from 1861 to 1890, and then Auckland West from 1905 to 1946.-History:The "City of Auckland West" electorate...	New Electorate	Jack Elder Jack Elder Jack Arnold Elder is a former New Zealand politician. He was an MP from 1984 to 1999, representing first the Labour Party, then New Zealand First, and then Mauri Pacific.-Early life:...	Dail Jones Dail Jones Dail Michael John Jones QSO is a New Zealand politician. He is a member of the New Zealand First party, and was formerly in the National Party.-Early life:Jones was born in Karachi, Pakistan, and attended Karachi Grammar School...
West Coast West Coast (New Zealand electorate) West Coast is a former New Zealand Parliamentary electorate, from 1972 to 1996.-History:The West Coast and Tasman electorates replaced the former Buller and Westland electorates in 1972....	Thomas (Kerry) Burke Kerry Burke Sir Thomas Kerry Burke served as Speaker of the New Zealand House of Representatives from 1987 to 1990. He was a member of the Labour Party, and served throughout the second term of the Fourth Labour Government.-Early life:...		J W Bateman
Western Hutt Western Hutt Western Hutt was a former New Zealand Parliamentary electorate, from 1978 to 1996.-Population Centres:The main population centre in the electorate was the city of Lower Hutt in the Hutt Valley.-History:...	John Terris John Terris John James Terris, QSO is a New Zealand politician, priest and broadcaster who represented the Labour Party in the New Zealand parliament.-Member of Parliament :Terris was first elected as the member of Western Hutt in 1978...		J W Tanner
Whangarei Whangarei (New Zealand electorate) rightWhangarei is a New Zealand Parliamentary electorate.National Party MP Phil Heatley has held it since 2008.-Population Centres:The electorate includes the following population centres:* Whangarei* Hikurangi* Ruakaka...	John Banks John Banks (New Zealand) John Archibald Banks, CNZM QSO is a New Zealand politician. He served as Mayor of Auckland City for two terms, from 2001 to 2004, and from 2007 to 2010...		B C Magner
Yaldhurst Yaldhurst (New Zealand electorate) Yaldhurst is a former New Zealand Parliamentary electorate, near the city of Christchurch.The electorate was to the southwest of Christchurch, and is suburban and semi-rural.-History:...	Mick Connelly Mick Connelly Michael Anysley Connelly was a New Zealand politician of the Labour Party, and a Cabinet Minister from 1972 to 1975 in the Third Labour Government...	Margaret Austin Margaret Austin Margaret Elizabeth Austin, CNZM is a former New Zealand politician. She was an MP from 1984 to 1996, representing first the Labour Party and then United New Zealand....	H Joseph
Eastern Maori Eastern Maori Eastern Maori was one of the four original New Zealand parliamentary Māori electorates, from 1868 to 1996.-Population centres:The electorate includes the following population centres:* -Tribal areas:...	Peter Tapsell Peter Tapsell (New Zealand) Sir Peter Wilfred Tapsell, KNZM, MBE, FRCS, FRCSEd was Speaker of the New Zealand House of Representatives from 1993 to 1996...		B R Kiwara
Northern Maori Northern Maori Northern Maori was one of the four original New Zealand Parliamentary Māori electorates, from 1868 to 1996.-Population centres:The electorate includes the following population centres: Auckland, Whangarei.-Tribal Areas:...	Bruce Gregory Bruce Gregory Bruce Craig Gregory was a New Zealand politician of the Labour Party.Gregory won the , which was caused by the resignation of the previous incumbent, Matiu Rata and held the seat until 1993, when Tau Henare won the seat for New Zealand First.-References:New Zealand Parliamentary Record 1840-1984...		Matiu Rata Matiu Rata Matiu Rata was a New Zealand Māori politician. He was the Member of Parliament for Northern Maori from 1963 to 1979, the Minister of Lands and Minister of Māori Affairs in the Third Labour Government of New Zealand between 1972 and 1975...
Southern Maori Southern Maori Southern Maori was one of the four original New Zealand Parliamentary Māori electorates, from 1868 to 1996.-Population centres:The electorate includes the following population centres:* -Tribal Areas:...	Whetu Tirikatene-Sullivan Whetu Tirikatene-Sullivan Tini "Whetu" Marama Tirikatene-Sullivan, ONZ was a New Zealand politician. She was an MP from 1967 to 1996, representing the Labour Party. At the time of her retirement, she was the second longest-serving MP in Parliament, being in her tenth term of office...		N A Reedy
Western Maori Western Maori Western Maori was one of the four former New Zealand Parliamentary Māori electorates, from 1868 to 1996.-Population Centres:The electorate includes the following population centres:* -Tribal Areas:...	Koro Wetere Koro Wetere Koro Tainui Wētere, CBE is a former New Zealand politician. He was an MP from 1969 to 1996, representing the Labour Party. He served as Minister of Māori Affairs in the Fourth Labour Government .-Member of Parliament:...		W S Katene

Summary of changes

• Eleven new seats were created, of which seven (Christchurch North, Dunedin West, Glenfield, Otara, Panmure, Tongariro and West Auckland) were won by Labour, and four (Franklin, Raglan, Rodney and Waikaremoana) by National.
• A further ten seats were won by Labour from National: East Cape, Eden, Hamilton East, Hamilton West, Hawkes Bay, Horowhenua, Ohariu, Rangitikei, Wairarapa and Waitaki. National also lost Pakuranga to Social Credit.
• Nine electorates had incumbent MPs retire and replaced them with MPs from the same party, six National and three Labour. Kaipara, Rangiora, Taranaki, Tauranga, Waikato and Waipa remained National, while Sydenham, Tasman and Yaldhurst remained Labour. In Rangiora, National MP Derek Quigley's decision not to stand for re-election followed serious clashes with Muldoon over economic policy, while in Sydenham, John Kirk had resigned from the Labour Party.