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The Territory of New Mexico became an organized territory of the United States
United States

The United States of America is a Federal government constitutional republic comprising U.S. state and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its Contiguous United States and Washington, D.C., the Capital districts and territories, lie between the Pacific Ocean and Atlantic Oceans, Borders of the U...
 on September 9, 1850, and it existed until New Mexico
New Mexico

New Mexico is a U. S. State located in the Southwestern United States of the United States. Inhabited by Native Americans in the United States populations for many centuries, it has also has been part of the Spanish Empire viceroyalty of New Spain, part of Mexico, and a U.S....
 became the 47th state on January 6, 1912.

The western portion of New Mexico came from the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo is the peace treaty, largely dictated by the United States to the Ad interim government of a Military occupation Mexico, that ended the Mexican-American War ....
 in 1848, while the remainder of eastern New Mexico (from the Rio Grande
Rio Grande

For the railroad often known as the Rio Grande, see Denver and Rio Grande Western Railroad.The Rio Grande River in the United States, known as the R?o Bravo in Mexico, is a river, long, is the fourth longest river system in the United States and serves as a natural boundary along the border between the U.S....
 to the present New Mexico-Texas
Texas

Texas is a U.S. state located in the South Central United States, nicknamed the Lone Star State. Texas is the second largest U.S. state in both area and population, spanning , and with a growing population of 24.3 million residents....
 border) was added as consequence of the Compromise of 1850
Compromise of 1850

The Compromise of 1850 was a series of bills aimed at resolving the territorial and slavery controversies arising from the Mexican-American War ....
. The Gadsden Purchase
Gadsden Purchase

The Gadsden Purchase is a region of what is today southern Arizona and New Mexico that was purchased by the United States in a treaty signed by President Franklin Pierce on June 24, 1853, and then ratified by the U.S....
 of 1853 added a smaller additional area to New Mexico Territory—the southernmost strip of Arizona and New Mexico.

The land contained in the original 1850 New Mexico Territory was the western portion of the future state, plus most of future Arizona
Arizona

The State of Arizona is a U.S. state located in the Southwestern United States of the United States. The capital and largest city is Phoenix, Arizona....
 (known as Santa Ana County
Santa Ana County, New Mexico Territory

Santa Ana County was one of the seven original partidos created in New Mexico under Mexico rule. Under U.S. rule, it became a U.S. Territorial county from 1852 until 1876, when it was absorbed by Bernalillo County, New Mexico....
), a small part of Colorado
Colorado

The State of Colorado is a U.S. state located in the Mountain States of the United States of America. Colorado may also be considered to be a part of the Western United States and Southwestern United States regions of the United States....
, and Nevada
Nevada

Nevada is a U.S. state located in the Western United States of the United States of America. The capital is Carson City and the largest city is Las Vegas, Nevada....
 south of 36° 30' N
Missouri Compromise

The Missouri Compromise was an agreement passed in 1820 between the slave state and free state factions in the United States Congress, involving primarily the regulation of slavery in the Historic regions of the United States....
.






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The Territory of New Mexico became an organized territory of the United States
United States

The United States of America is a Federal government constitutional republic comprising U.S. state and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its Contiguous United States and Washington, D.C., the Capital districts and territories, lie between the Pacific Ocean and Atlantic Oceans, Borders of the U...
 on September 9, 1850, and it existed until New Mexico
New Mexico

New Mexico is a U. S. State located in the Southwestern United States of the United States. Inhabited by Native Americans in the United States populations for many centuries, it has also has been part of the Spanish Empire viceroyalty of New Spain, part of Mexico, and a U.S....
 became the 47th state on January 6, 1912.

The western portion of New Mexico came from the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo is the peace treaty, largely dictated by the United States to the Ad interim government of a Military occupation Mexico, that ended the Mexican-American War ....
 in 1848, while the remainder of eastern New Mexico (from the Rio Grande
Rio Grande

For the railroad often known as the Rio Grande, see Denver and Rio Grande Western Railroad.The Rio Grande River in the United States, known as the R?o Bravo in Mexico, is a river, long, is the fourth longest river system in the United States and serves as a natural boundary along the border between the U.S....
 to the present New Mexico-Texas
Texas

Texas is a U.S. state located in the South Central United States, nicknamed the Lone Star State. Texas is the second largest U.S. state in both area and population, spanning , and with a growing population of 24.3 million residents....
 border) was added as consequence of the Compromise of 1850
Compromise of 1850

The Compromise of 1850 was a series of bills aimed at resolving the territorial and slavery controversies arising from the Mexican-American War ....
. The Gadsden Purchase
Gadsden Purchase

The Gadsden Purchase is a region of what is today southern Arizona and New Mexico that was purchased by the United States in a treaty signed by President Franklin Pierce on June 24, 1853, and then ratified by the U.S....
 of 1853 added a smaller additional area to New Mexico Territory—the southernmost strip of Arizona and New Mexico.

The land contained in the original 1850 New Mexico Territory was the western portion of the future state, plus most of future Arizona
Arizona

The State of Arizona is a U.S. state located in the Southwestern United States of the United States. The capital and largest city is Phoenix, Arizona....
 (known as Santa Ana County
Santa Ana County, New Mexico Territory

Santa Ana County was one of the seven original partidos created in New Mexico under Mexico rule. Under U.S. rule, it became a U.S. Territorial county from 1852 until 1876, when it was absorbed by Bernalillo County, New Mexico....
), a small part of Colorado
Colorado

The State of Colorado is a U.S. state located in the Mountain States of the United States of America. Colorado may also be considered to be a part of the Western United States and Southwestern United States regions of the United States....
, and Nevada
Nevada

Nevada is a U.S. state located in the Western United States of the United States of America. The capital is Carson City and the largest city is Las Vegas, Nevada....
 south of 36° 30' N
Missouri Compromise

The Missouri Compromise was an agreement passed in 1820 between the slave state and free state factions in the United States Congress, involving primarily the regulation of slavery in the Historic regions of the United States....
. The Texan cession and the Gadsden Purchase expanded the territory greatly, but the establishment of Colorado Territory
Colorado Territory

The Territory of Colorado was an organized territory of the United States of America that existed from 28 Feb 1861, to 1 Aug 1876. The boundaries of the territory were identical with those of the current State of Colorado....
 on February 28, 1861 and of Arizona Territory
Arizona Territory

The Territory of Arizona was an organized territory of the United States that existed between 1863 and 1912. A forerunner, almost identical in name but largely differing in location and size, was the Arizona Territory that existed officially from 1861 to 1863, when it was re-captured by the U.S., after which the Union created in 1863 their...
 on February 24, 1863 (west of the 109th meridian
Meridian (geography)

A meridian is an imaginary arc on the Earth's surface from the North Pole to the South Pole that connects all locations running along it with a given longitude....
) left New Mexico with its present boundaries.

As the route to California
California

California is a U.S. state on the West Coast of the United States of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. It is bordered by Oregon to the north, Nevada to the east, Arizona to the southeast, and to the south the Mexico state of Baja California....
, New Mexico and Arizona were disputed territory during the American Civil War
American Civil War

The American Civil War , also known as the War Between the States and several Naming the American Civil War, was a civil war in the United States....
, resulting in Gadsden settlers willingly joining the Confederate States of America
Confederate States of America

The Confederate States of America formed as the government set up from 1861 to 1865 by eleven Southern United States U.S. state of the United States of America that had declared their secession from the U.S....
. The "Gettysburg of the West"
Battle of Glorieta Pass

The Battle of Glorieta Pass, fought from March 26–28, 1862, in northern New Mexico Territory, was the decisive battle of the New Mexico Campaign during the American Civil War....
 gave the area primarily to the Union
Union (American Civil War)

During the American Civil War, the Union was a name used to refer to the Federal government of the United States of the United States, which was supported by the twenty-three states which were not part of the secession attempt by the 11 states that formed the Confederate States of America....
 at the Battle of Glorieta Pass
Battle of Glorieta Pass

The Battle of Glorieta Pass, fought from March 26–28, 1862, in northern New Mexico Territory, was the decisive battle of the New Mexico Campaign during the American Civil War....
. Confederate Arizona Territory
Arizona Territory (CSA)

The Arizona Territory of the Confederate States of America was an organized territory of the Confederate States of America that existed between 1861 and 1865....
 was the first American incarnation of Arizona
Arizona

The State of Arizona is a U.S. state located in the Southwestern United States of the United States. The capital and largest city is Phoenix, Arizona....
.

See also

Wpdms New Mexico Territory 1866
* Governors of New Mexico Territory
  • Historic regions of the United States
    Historic regions of the United States

    These are historic regions of the United States, meaning regions that were legal entities in the past, or which the average modern American would no longer immediately recognize as a regional description....
  • History of New Mexico
    History of New Mexico

    Evidence from archaeologists conveys the existence of natives back to approximately 9,200 BC. However, the History of New Mexico was not officially recorded until the arriving of the Conquistadors, who encountered Native American Pueblos when they explored the area in the 1500s....
  • Arizona Territory
    Arizona Territory

    The Territory of Arizona was an organized territory of the United States that existed between 1863 and 1912. A forerunner, almost identical in name but largely differing in location and size, was the Arizona Territory that existed officially from 1861 to 1863, when it was re-captured by the U.S., after which the Union created in 1863 their...
     was created from parts of the former New Mexico Territory, so histories overlap