New Ireland (island)

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New Ireland (island)

New Ireland (Tok Pisin

Tok Pisin

Tok Pisin is a creole language spoken throughout Papua New Guinea; in parts of Western, Gulf, Central, Oro and Milne Bay Provinces the use of Tok Pisin has a shorter history, and is less universal, especially among older people....
: Niu Ailan) is a large island

Island

An island or isle is any piece of land that is surrounded by water. Very small islands such as emergent land features on atolls are called islets....
in Papua New Guinea

Papua New Guinea

Papua New Guinea , officially the Independent State of Papua New Guinea, is a country in Oceania, occupying the eastern half of the island of New Guinea and numerous offshore islands ....
, approximately 8,650 km² in area. It is the main and largest island of the New Ireland Province. It lies northeast of the island of New Britain

New Britain

New Britain is the largest island in the Bismarck Archipelago of Papua New Guinea. It is separated from the island of New Guinea by the Dampier Strait , and from New Ireland by the St....
. Both islands are a part of the Bismarck Archipelago

Bismarck Archipelago

The Bismarck Archipelago is a group of islands off the northeastern coast of New Guinea in the western Pacific Ocean and part of Papua New Guinea....
, named for Otto von Bismarck

Otto von Bismarck

Otto Eduard Leopold von Bismarck, Count of Bismarck-Sch?nhausen, Duke of Lauenburg, Prince of Bismarck, , was a Kingdom of Prussia and Germany statesman and aristocrat of the 19th century....
, and they are separated by the Saint George's Channel. The administrative center of the island and of the province is the town of Kavieng

Kavieng

Kavieng is the capital of the Papua New Guinean province of New Ireland Province and the largest town on the island of the same name. The town is located at Balgai Bay, on the northern tip of the island....
located at the northern end of the island.

island is part of the Bismarck Archipelago

Bismarck Archipelago

The Bismarck Archipelago is a group of islands off the northeastern coast of New Guinea in the western Pacific Ocean and part of Papua New Guinea....
and is often described as having the shape of a musket

Musket

A musket is a Muzzle -loaded, smoothbore long gun, which is intended to be fired from the shoulder.Usually, the musket is thought to be the weapon that replaced the arquebus, and was in turn replaced by the rifle....
.

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Encyclopedia

New Ireland (Tok Pisin

Tok Pisin

Island

An island or isle is any piece of land that is surrounded by water. Very small islands such as emergent land features on atolls are called islets....
in Papua New Guinea

Papua New Guinea

New Britain

Bismarck Archipelago

The Bismarck Archipelago is a group of islands off the northeastern coast of New Guinea in the western Pacific Ocean and part of Papua New Guinea....
, named for Otto von Bismarck

Otto von Bismarck

Kavieng

Geography

The island is part of the Bismarck Archipelago

Bismarck Archipelago

Musket

Island

An island or isle is any piece of land that is surrounded by water. Very small islands such as emergent land features on atolls are called islets....
of New Ireland is long, narrow and mountainous covered by several mountain ranges and dense rain forests. For much of its 320 kilometers in length, it is less than 10 km across, yet the central mountainous spine is very steep and rugged. The highest peak is Mount Lambel (2,150 meters or 7,054 feet). The island lies between one and five degrees south of the Equator

Equator

The equator is the intersection of the Earth's surface with the Plane perpendicular to the Earth's rotation and containing the Earth's center of mass....
.

New Ireland is surrounded by the Bismarck Sea

Bismarck Sea

The Bismarck Sea lies in the southwestern Pacific Ocean to the north of the island of Papua New Guinea and to the south of the Bismarck Archipelago and Admiralty Islands....
in the southwest and by the Pacific Ocean

Pacific Ocean

The Pacific Ocean is the largest of the Earth's oceanic divisions. Its name is derived from the Latin name Mare Pacificum, "peaceful sea", bestowed upon it by the Portugal explorer Ferdinand Magellan....
in the northeast.

History

The first inhabitants of the Bismarck Archipelago arrived around 33,000 years ago after sailing from what is now Papua New Guinea

Papua New Guinea

Lapita

Lapita is the common name of an ancient Pacific Ocean archaeological culture which is believed by many archaeologists to be the common ancestor of several cultures in Polynesia, Micronesia, and some areas of Melanesia....
people.

In 1616 the Dutch sailors Jacob Le Maire

Jacob Le Maire

Jacob Le Maire was a Dutch Republic mariner, who circumnavigated the earth in 1615-16. The strait between Tierra del Fuego and Staten Island, Argentina was named the Le Maire Strait in his honor, however, not without controversy....
and Willem Schouten

Willem Schouten

Willem Cornelisz Schouten was a Netherlands navigator.In 1615 Willem Cornelisz Schouten and Jacob le Maire sailed from Texel in the Netherlands, in command of an expedition sponsored by Isaac Le Maire and his Australische Compagnie in equal shares with Schouten....
were the first Europeans to set foot on the island.

In the 1870s and 1880s, the Marquis de Rays

Marquis de Rays

Charles Marie Bonaventure du Breil, Marquis de Rays was a France nobleman who had ambitions of starting a great French colony in the Oceania. He led four European expeditions to establish colonies in a place he called New France which is the island now referred to as New Britain in the Bismark Archipelago of present day Papua New Guinea....
, a French nobleman, attempted to establish a French colony on the island called New France. He sent four ill-fated expeditions to the island, the most famous of which

De Rays Expedition

The Third de Rays Expedition, or simply the de Rays Expedition was the third New Guinea expedition of Marquis de Rays, a France nobleman who attempted to start a colony in the Oceania....
caused the death of 123 settlers.

From 1885 to 1914 New Ireland was a part of German New Guinea

German New Guinea

German New Guinea was a former Germany protectorate from 1884 to 1914, consisting of the northeastern part of New Guinea and several nearby island groups....
and bore the name Neumecklenburg. Germans managed several highly profitable copra

Copra

Copra is the dried meat, or kernel, of the coconut. The name copra is derived from the Malayalam language word kopra for dried coconut....
plantations and built a road to transport the goods. This road is currently in service and is named the Boluminski Highway

Boluminski Highway

The Boluminski Highway is the main land transportation route on the island of New Ireland in Papua New Guinea. It runs from the provincial capital of Kavieng for 193km down the east coast of the island to Namatanai....
after the German administrator of German New Guinea, Franz Boluminski

Franz Boluminski

Franz Boluminski was a Germany German colonial empire.Boluminski was born in Grudziadz, Province of Prussia. He served in the German Army in German East Africa and in 1894 went to work for the German New Guinea Company at Astrolabe Bay near modern-day Madang in Papua New Guinea....
. After World War I

World War I

World War I, or the First World War , was a global military conflict which involved the Great powers, organized into two opposing military alliances: the Allies of World War I and the Central Powers....
New Ireland was ceded to Australia. In 1942, during World War II

World War II

World War II, or the Second World War , was a global military conflict which involved a Participants in World War II, including all of the great powers, organised into two opposing military alliances: the Allies of World War II and the Axis powers....
, the island was captured by Japanese forces

Imperial Japanese Army

The Imperial Japanese Army , or literally Army of Empire of Greater Japan was the official ground based armed force of Imperial Japan from 1867 to 1945....
and was under their control. The Japanese built a large naval base at Kavieng

Kavieng

Kavieng is the capital of the Papua New Guinean province of New Ireland Province and the largest town on the island of the same name. The town is located at Balgai Bay, on the northern tip of the island....
, but the entire island of New Ireland was bypassed by Allied troops and left to "wither on the vine" until the final Japanese surrender on 2 September 1945 in Tokyo Bay

Tokyo Bay

is a bay in the southern Kanto region of Japan. Its old name was ....
.

Culture

Malagan
Malagan

Malagan ceremonies are large, intricate traditional cultural events that take place in parts of New Ireland Province province in Papua New Guinea....
- funerary arts that originate in New Ireland and elsewhere in Oceania
Oceania

Oceania is a geography, often geopolitics, region consisting of numerous lands—mostly islands in the Pacific Ocean and vicinity. The term "Oceania" was coined in 1831 by French explorer Jules Dumont d'Urville....
Tatanua - "The person who organizes a tatanua performance must select the music and dancers, assemble a male chorus, and acquire the masks. The masks are usually rented from one of the sculptors who makes them."

External links

at the Linköping University
Linköping University

Link?ping University is a university in Link?ping, Sweden. Originally set out to be Sweden's second university by decree of the Swedish parliament in 1663, it eventually started in 1965 as an autonomous faculty within Stockholm University....