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The New England province is a physiographic province
Physiographic regions of the world

The physiographic regions of the world are a means of defining the Earth's landforms into distinct regions based upon Nevin Fenneman's classic three-tiered approach of divisions, provinces and sections, in 1916, which although they date from the mid 1910s, are still considered basically valid, and were the basis for similar classifications of...
 of the larger Appalachian
Appalachian Mountains

The Appalachian Mountains or , often called the Appalachians, are a vast mountain range in eastern North America. Definitions vary on the precise boundaries of the Appalachians....
 division of eastern North America
North America

North America is the northern continent of the Americas, situated in the Earth's northern hemisphere and almost totally in the western hemisphere....
. The province consists of the Seaboard Lowland, New England Upland, White Mountain
White Mountains (New Hampshire)

The White Mountains are a mountain range that covers about a quarter of the state of New Hampshire and a small portion of western Maine in the United States....
, Green Mountain
Green Mountains

The Green Mountains are a mountain range in the U.S. state of Vermont. The range extends approximately 250 miles . The most notable mountains in the range include:...
, and Taconic
Taconic Mountains

The Taconic Mountains or Taconic Range are a Physiographic regions of the world of the larger New England province and part of the Appalachian Mountains, running along the eastern border of New York and adjacent New England from northwest Connecticut to western Massachusetts, north to central western Vermont in the town of Brandon, Verm...
 sections.

New England Province starts in Connecticut
Connecticut

Connecticut is a U.S. state located in the New England region of the northeastern United States. The state borders New York to the west and south , Massachusetts to the north, and Rhode Island to the east....
, continues across the lower Hudson Valley
Hudson Valley

The Hudson Valley refers to the valley of the Hudson River and its adjacent communities in New York State, generally from northern Westchester County, New York northward to the cities of Albany, New York and Troy, New York....
 and New Jersey
New Jersey

New Jersey is a state in the Mid-Atlantic States and Northeastern United States regions of the United States. It is bordered on the north by New York, on the east by the Hudson River and the Atlantic Ocean, on the southwest by Delaware, and on the west by Pennsylvania....
 into Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania

The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania , often colloquially referred to as PA by natives and Northeasterners, is a U.S. state located in the Northeastern United States and Mid-Atlantic States regions of the United States....
, ending abruptly in Berks County
Berks County, Pennsylvania

Berks County is a county located in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. As of the United States Census 2000, the population was 373,638. The population in 2006 was estimated at 401,149 by the US Census Bureau....
.

Much of the New England province's bedrock aquifer
Aquifer

An aquifer is an underground layer of water-bearing permeable rock or unconsolidated materials from which groundwater can be usefully extracted using a water well....
s are in consolidated rocks of sedimentary, igneous, and metamorphic
Metamorphic rock

Metamorphic rock is the result of the transformation of an existing rock type, the protolith, in a process called metamorphism, which means "change in form"....
 origin.






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The New England province is a physiographic province
Physiographic regions of the world

The physiographic regions of the world are a means of defining the Earth's landforms into distinct regions based upon Nevin Fenneman's classic three-tiered approach of divisions, provinces and sections, in 1916, which although they date from the mid 1910s, are still considered basically valid, and were the basis for similar classifications of...
 of the larger Appalachian
Appalachian Mountains

The Appalachian Mountains or , often called the Appalachians, are a vast mountain range in eastern North America. Definitions vary on the precise boundaries of the Appalachians....
 division of eastern North America
North America

North America is the northern continent of the Americas, situated in the Earth's northern hemisphere and almost totally in the western hemisphere....
. The province consists of the Seaboard Lowland, New England Upland, White Mountain
White Mountains (New Hampshire)

The White Mountains are a mountain range that covers about a quarter of the state of New Hampshire and a small portion of western Maine in the United States....
, Green Mountain
Green Mountains

The Green Mountains are a mountain range in the U.S. state of Vermont. The range extends approximately 250 miles . The most notable mountains in the range include:...
, and Taconic
Taconic Mountains

The Taconic Mountains or Taconic Range are a Physiographic regions of the world of the larger New England province and part of the Appalachian Mountains, running along the eastern border of New York and adjacent New England from northwest Connecticut to western Massachusetts, north to central western Vermont in the town of Brandon, Verm...
 sections.

Geology

The New England Province starts in Connecticut
Connecticut

Connecticut is a U.S. state located in the New England region of the northeastern United States. The state borders New York to the west and south , Massachusetts to the north, and Rhode Island to the east....
, continues across the lower Hudson Valley
Hudson Valley

The Hudson Valley refers to the valley of the Hudson River and its adjacent communities in New York State, generally from northern Westchester County, New York northward to the cities of Albany, New York and Troy, New York....
 and New Jersey
New Jersey

New Jersey is a state in the Mid-Atlantic States and Northeastern United States regions of the United States. It is bordered on the north by New York, on the east by the Hudson River and the Atlantic Ocean, on the southwest by Delaware, and on the west by Pennsylvania....
 into Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania

The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania , often colloquially referred to as PA by natives and Northeasterners, is a U.S. state located in the Northeastern United States and Mid-Atlantic States regions of the United States....
, ending abruptly in Berks County
Berks County, Pennsylvania

Berks County is a county located in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. As of the United States Census 2000, the population was 373,638. The population in 2006 was estimated at 401,149 by the US Census Bureau....
.

Much of the New England province's bedrock aquifer
Aquifer

An aquifer is an underground layer of water-bearing permeable rock or unconsolidated materials from which groundwater can be usefully extracted using a water well....
s are in consolidated rocks of sedimentary, igneous, and metamorphic
Metamorphic rock

Metamorphic rock is the result of the transformation of an existing rock type, the protolith, in a process called metamorphism, which means "change in form"....
 origin. Some of these aquifers, mainly in the western portion of Vermont
Vermont

Vermont is a U.S. state in the New England region of the Northeastern United States United States. The state ranks 43rd by land area, , and 45th by total area....
, consist of carbonate rocks (primarily limestone
Limestone

File:Limestone Formation In Waitomo.jpgLimestone is a sedimentary rock composed largely of the mineral calcite . The deposition of limestone strata is often a by-product and indicator of biological activity in the geology record....
, dolomite
Dolomite

Dolomite is the name of a sedimentary carbonate rock and a mineral, both composed of calcium magnesium carbonate calciummagnesium2 found in crystals....
, and marble
Marble

Marble is a nonfoliated metamorphic rock resulting from the metamorphism of limestone, composed mostly of calcite . It is extensively used for Marble sculpture, as a architecture material, and in many other applications....
). These consolidated rocks yield water primarily from bedding planes, fractures, joints, and faults, rather than from intergranular pores.

Like the adjacent physiographic provinces, a large part of the New England province was peneplain
Peneplain

.A peneplain is the final stage in fluvial or stream erosion.After the streams in an area have reached base level, lateral erosion is dominant - as the streams erode the highland areas between them....
ed during the Jurassic
Jurassic

The Jurassic is a geologic period that extends from about annum to  Ma, that is, from the end of the Triassic to the beginning of the Cretaceous....
 and Cretaceous
Cretaceous

The Cretaceous , usually abbreviated K for its German translation Kreide, is a geologic period from circa to million years ago . In the geologic timescale, the Cretaceous follows on the Jurassic period and is followed by the Paleogene period....
 periods, then uplifted, extensively dissected, and finally glaciated.