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Neurokinin B

 

 
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Neurokinin B
 
 
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Neurokinin B is a tachykinin peptide
Peptide

Peptides are short polymers formed from the linking, in a defined order, of a-amino acids. The link between one amino acid residue and the next is known as an amide chemical bond or a peptide bond....
.

It is found in higher concentration in pregnant women suffering pre-eclampsia
Pre-eclampsia

Pre-eclampsia is a medical condition where hypertension arises in pregnancy in association with significant amounts of protein in the urine. Because pre-eclampsia refers to a set of symptoms rather than any causative factor, it is established that there are many different causes for the syndrome....
 and can bind the immune-cloaking molecule phosphocholine
Phosphocholine

Phosphocholine is an intermediate in the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine in tissues. It is a molecule found for example in lecithin.It is also used by nematodes and human placentas to suppress an immune response by their hosts....
.

In December 2008, it was discovered that the hormone Neurokinin B and its receptor, neurokinin 3 receptor
Tachykinin receptor 3

Tachykinin receptor 3, also known as TACR3, is a human gene....
, are critical parts of the control system that switches on the master regulator of human puberty
Puberty

Puberty refers to the process of physical changes by which a child's body becomes an adult body capable of reproduction. Puberty is initiated by hormone signals from the brain to the gonads ....
, governed by the brain
Brain

The brain is the center of the nervous system in all vertebrate, and most invertebrate, animals. Some primitive animals such as cnidarian and echinoderm have a decentralized nervous system without a brain, while sponges lack any nervous system at all....
 through the release of the hormone GnRH (gonadotropin
Gonadotropin

Human Menopausal Gonadotropins are protein hormones secreted by gonadotrope cells of the pituitary gland of vertebrates.Gonadotropin is sometimes abbreviated Gn....
 releasing hormone) which starts a series of processes that ultimately leads to the production of sex hormones.






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Neurokinin B is a tachykinin peptide
Peptide

Peptides are short polymers formed from the linking, in a defined order, of a-amino acids. The link between one amino acid residue and the next is known as an amide chemical bond or a peptide bond....
.

It is found in higher concentration in pregnant women suffering pre-eclampsia
Pre-eclampsia

Pre-eclampsia is a medical condition where hypertension arises in pregnancy in association with significant amounts of protein in the urine. Because pre-eclampsia refers to a set of symptoms rather than any causative factor, it is established that there are many different causes for the syndrome....
 and can bind the immune-cloaking molecule phosphocholine
Phosphocholine

Phosphocholine is an intermediate in the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine in tissues. It is a molecule found for example in lecithin.It is also used by nematodes and human placentas to suppress an immune response by their hosts....
.

In December 2008, it was discovered that the hormone Neurokinin B and its receptor, neurokinin 3 receptor
Tachykinin receptor 3

Tachykinin receptor 3, also known as TACR3, is a human gene....
, are critical parts of the control system that switches on the master regulator of human puberty
Puberty

Puberty refers to the process of physical changes by which a child's body becomes an adult body capable of reproduction. Puberty is initiated by hormone signals from the brain to the gonads ....
, governed by the brain
Brain

The brain is the center of the nervous system in all vertebrate, and most invertebrate, animals. Some primitive animals such as cnidarian and echinoderm have a decentralized nervous system without a brain, while sponges lack any nervous system at all....
 through the release of the hormone GnRH (gonadotropin
Gonadotropin

Human Menopausal Gonadotropins are protein hormones secreted by gonadotrope cells of the pituitary gland of vertebrates.Gonadotropin is sometimes abbreviated Gn....
 releasing hormone) which starts a series of processes that ultimately leads to the production of sex hormones. Although Neurokinin B was previously known to be present in the same hypothalamic
Hypothalamus

The hypothalamus is a portion of the brain that contains a number of small nuclei with a variety of functions. One of the most important functions of the hypothalamus is to link the nervous system to the endocrine system via the pituitary gland ....
 neuron
Neuron

Neurons are responsive cell in the nervous system that process and transmit information by electrochemical Signal . They are the core components of the brain, the vertebrate spinal cord, the invertebrate ventral nerve cord, and the peripheral nerves....
s as kisspeptin
Kisspeptin

Kisspeptin the product of the gene is a G-protein coupled receptor Ligand for KiSS1-derived peptide receptor. Kiss1 was originally identified as a human metastasis suppressor gene that has the ability to suppress melanoma and breast cancer metastasis....
, another important part of the same control system for puberty, its key role was not previously appreciated.