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Neoclassical synthesis



 
 
Neoclassical synthesis was a postwar academic movement in economics
Economics

File:Ballard Farmers' Market - vegetables.jpgEconomics is the Social sciences that studies the Production theory basics, Distribution , and Consumption of Good and Service ....
 that attempted to absorb the macroeconomic thought of John Maynard Keynes into the thought of neoclassical economics
Neoclassical economics

Neoclassical economics is a term variously used for approaches to economics focusing on the determination of prices, outputs, and income distribution s in markets through supply and demand, often as mediated through a hypothesized maximization of income-constrained utility by individuals and of cost-constrained profits of firms employing avai...
. Mainstream economics
Mainstream economics

Mainstream economics is a loose term used to refer to the non-heterodox economics economics taught in prominent universities. It is most closely associated with neoclassical economics....
 is largely dominated by the synthesis, being largely Keynesian on macroeconomics and neoclassical on microeconomics.

The theory was developed by John Hicks
John Hicks

Sir John Richard Hicks was one of the most important and influential economists of the twentieth century. The most familiar of his many contributions in the field of economics were his statement of consumer theory in microeconomics, and the IS/LM model, which summarised a Keynesian view of macroeconomics....
, and popularized by the mathematical economist Paul Samuelson
Paul Samuelson

Paul Anthony Samuelson is an United States neoclassical economist economist known for his contributions to many fields of economics, beginning with his general statement of the comparative statics method in his 1947 book Foundations of Economic Analysis....
, who seems to have coined the term, and helped disseminate the "synthesis," partly through his technical writing and in his influential textbook, Economics
Economics (textbook)

Economics is an introductory textbook by American economists Paul Samuelson and William Nordhaus. It was first published in 1948, and has appeared in eighteen different editions, the most recent in 2004....
.






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Neoclassical synthesis was a postwar academic movement in economics
Economics

File:Ballard Farmers' Market - vegetables.jpgEconomics is the Social sciences that studies the Production theory basics, Distribution , and Consumption of Good and Service ....
 that attempted to absorb the macroeconomic thought of John Maynard Keynes into the thought of neoclassical economics
Neoclassical economics

Neoclassical economics is a term variously used for approaches to economics focusing on the determination of prices, outputs, and income distribution s in markets through supply and demand, often as mediated through a hypothesized maximization of income-constrained utility by individuals and of cost-constrained profits of firms employing avai...
. Mainstream economics
Mainstream economics

Mainstream economics is a loose term used to refer to the non-heterodox economics economics taught in prominent universities. It is most closely associated with neoclassical economics....
 is largely dominated by the synthesis, being largely Keynesian on macroeconomics and neoclassical on microeconomics.

The theory was developed by John Hicks
John Hicks

Sir John Richard Hicks was one of the most important and influential economists of the twentieth century. The most familiar of his many contributions in the field of economics were his statement of consumer theory in microeconomics, and the IS/LM model, which summarised a Keynesian view of macroeconomics....
, and popularized by the mathematical economist Paul Samuelson
Paul Samuelson

Paul Anthony Samuelson is an United States neoclassical economist economist known for his contributions to many fields of economics, beginning with his general statement of the comparative statics method in his 1947 book Foundations of Economic Analysis....
, who seems to have coined the term, and helped disseminate the "synthesis," partly through his technical writing and in his influential textbook, Economics
Economics (textbook)

Economics is an introductory textbook by American economists Paul Samuelson and William Nordhaus. It was first published in 1948, and has appeared in eighteen different editions, the most recent in 2004....
. The process began soon after the publication of Keynes' General Theory with the IS/LM model
IS/LM model

The IS/LM model is a macroeconomic tool that demonstrates the relationship between interest rates and real output in the goods and services market and the money market....
 first presented by John Hicks
John Hicks

Sir John Richard Hicks was one of the most important and influential economists of the twentieth century. The most familiar of his many contributions in the field of economics were his statement of consumer theory in microeconomics, and the IS/LM model, which summarised a Keynesian view of macroeconomics....
 in a 1937 article. It continued with adaptations of the supply and demand
Supply and demand

...
 model of markets to Keynesian theory. It represents incentives and costs as playing a pervasive role in shaping decision making
Decision making

Decision making can be regarded as an outcome of mental processes leading to the selection of a course of action among several alternatives. Every decision making process produces a final choice....
. An immediate example of this is the consumer theory
Consumer theory

Consumer theory is a theory of microeconomics that relates preferences to supply and demand. The link between personal preferences, consumption, and the demand curve is one of the most complex relations in economics....
 of individual demand, which isolates how prices (as costs) and income affect quantity demanded.

See also

  • History of economic thought
    History of economic thought

    The history of economic thought deals with different thinkers and theories in the field of political economy and economics from the ancient world to the present day....
  • Mainstream economics
    Mainstream economics

    Mainstream economics is a loose term used to refer to the non-heterodox economics economics taught in prominent universities. It is most closely associated with neoclassical economics....
  • New classical macroeconomics
    New classical macroeconomics

    New classical macroeconomics emerged as a school in macroeconomics during the 1970s. As opposed to Keynesian economics macroeconomics, it builds its analysis on an entirely neoclassical economics framework....