Navistar International Corporation (formerly International Harvester Company) is a United States-based
holding companyA holding company is a company or firm that owns other companies' outstanding stock. It usually refers to a company which does not produce goods or services itself; rather, its purpose is to own shares of other companies. Holding companies allow the reduction of risk for the owners and can allow...
that owns the manufacturer of International brand commercial trucks, MaxxForce brand diesel engines, IC Bus school and commercial buses, Workhorse brand chassis for motor homes and step vans, and is a private label designer and manufacturer of diesel engines for the pickup truck, van and SUV markets. The company is also a provider of truck and diesel engine parts and service.
The current record shows headquarter located in Warrenville, IL with employee size 250 - 499 and has annual revenue of $9.713 billion. The company's products, parts, and services are sold through a network of nearly 1,000 dealer outlets in the United States, Canada, Brazil, and Mexico and more than 60 dealers in 90 countries throughout the world. The company also provides financing for its customers and distributors principally through its wholly owned subsidiary,
Navistar Financial Corporation.
History
The merger of McCormick Harvesting Machine Company and the Deering Harvester Company in 1902 resulted in the formation of the
International Harvester CompanyInternational Harvester Company was a United States agricultural machinery, construction equipment, vehicle, commercial truck, and household and commercial products manufacturer. In 1902, J.P...
(IH) of Chicago, Illinois, which over the next three quarters of a century evolved to become a diversified manufacturer of farming equipment, construction equipment, gas turbines, trucks, buses, and related components. During World War II, International Harvester produced the M-series of military trucks that served the Marine Corps and the U.S. Navy as weapons carriers, cargo transporters and light artillery movement. Today, Navistar produces International brand military vehicles through its affiliate Navistar Defense.
1986-1991: Transition from Agricultural Roots
International Harvester fell on hard times during the poor agricultural economy in the early to mid-1980s and the effects of a long strike with the UAW over proposed work rule changes. IH's new CEO,Donald Lennox directed the management organization to begin exiting many of its IH's historical business sectors in an effort to survive. Some of the sales of profitable business endeavors were executed to raise cash for short-term survival, while other divisions were sold due to lack of immediate profitability. During this period of questionable economic survival in an effort to raise needed cash and to reduce losses the management team lead by Mr. Lennox at IH shed many of its operating divisions: Construction Equipment Division to
Dresser IndustriesDresser Industries was a multinational corporation headquartered in Dallas, Texas, United States, which provided a wide range of technology, products, and services used for developing energy and natural resources...
; Solar (
gas turbineA gas turbine, also called a combustion turbine, is a type of internal combustion engine. It has an upstream rotating compressor coupled to a downstream turbine, and a combustion chamber in-between....
s) Division to
CaterpillarCaterpillar Inc. , also known as "CAT", designs, manufactures, markets and sells machinery and engines and sells financial products and insurance to customers via a worldwide dealer network. Caterpillar is the world's largest manufacturer of construction and mining equipment, diesel and natural gas...
;
Cub CadetIH Cub Cadet is a premium line of small tractors, established in 1960 as part of International Harvester. The IH Cub Cadet was an entirely new line of heavy-duty small tractors using components from the previous Cub series tractors...
(lawn and garden equipment) to
MTD ProductsMTD Products is a manufacturer of outdoor power equipment for the mass market. Based in Cleveland, Ohio, USA, the company began in 1932 and is a family-owned, private company. It originated as a tool and die maker...
and, lastly, the Agricultural Division to
TennecoTenneco is a $6.2 billion Fortune 500 company that has been publicly traded on the NYSE since November 5, 1999 under the symbol TEN...
who merged it with their JI Case subsidiary. The Scout & Light Truck Parts Business was sold to Scout/Light Line Distributors, Inc. in 1991.
After the Ag sale in 1985, all that remained of IH was the Truck and Engine Divisions. The company changed its name in 1986 to Navistar International Corporation. (The International Harvester name and IH logo were assets of the Agricultural Division and consequently were part of the sale to Tenneco; the IH name and logo are still in use being incorporated into the
Case IHCase IH is an American mechanical company, one of the world’s largest brands of agricultural equipment. With headquarters in Racine, Wisconsin, it has a network of more than 4,000 dealers and distributors that operates in more than 160 countries...
brand name). In the early 1980s, IH developed a series of reliable large-displacement V8 diesel engines that were sold as an option for heavy-duty Ford 3/4-ton and 1-ton pickup trucks.
Navistar still uses the
International brand in its diesel engine and truck product lines and the brand name continues on in product lines of Navistar International's
International Truck and Engine Corporation subsidiary.
1990s-early 2000s: Rediversification
During the 1980s and 1990s, the popularity of diesel engines had made Navistar a leading manufacturer of bus chassis, particularly that of school buses. In 1991, the company purchased one-third of American Transportation Corporation (
AmTranAmerican Transportation Corporation was a builder of school buses in the United States. Founded in 1980, the company traces its roots back to Ward Body Works, which was established in 1933. AmTran was acquired by Navistar International in 1994-1995, a move that would begin a series of alignment...
), an Arkansas-based manufacturer. Navistar purchased the remaining two-thirds in April 1995. By becoming both a body and chassis manufacturer at the same time, Navistar gained significant market share in the industry. In 2002, AmTran was re-branded as IC (
Integrated
Coach) after a few months as
International Truck and Bus.
After nearly a century of business in
ChicagoChicago is the largest city in the US state of Illinois. With nearly 2.7 million residents, it is the most populous city in the Midwestern United States and the third most populous in the US, after New York City and Los Angeles...
, Navistar announced its plans on 30 September 2000 to leave the city and relocate their corporate offices to west suburban
Warrenville, IllinoisWarrenville is a city in DuPage County, Illinois, United States. The population was 13,363 at the 2000 census. It is a part of the Chicago metropolitan area and the Illinois Technology and Research Corridor.-History:...
. The company's
Melrose Park, IllinoisMelrose Park is a village in Cook County, Illinois, United States. It is a "near-in" suburb of Chicago. The population was 23,171 at the 2000 census. Melrose Park has long been home to a large Italian-American population, though now it is majority Mexican-American. It was the home of Kiddieland...
plant is notable for a significant
workplace shootingGoing postal, in American English slang, means becoming extremely and uncontrollably angry, often to the point of violence, and usually in a workplace environment....
on February 5, 2001.
In 2004, Navistar re-entered the retail vehicle market for the first time since 1980. The International XT (Extreme Truck) pickup truck was a series of three pickup trucks. It was (by far) the largest pickup truck available for retail sale and two of the three versions (the CXT and RXT) were essentially International
DurastarThe International DuraStar, originally introduced as the International 4000 Series, is a medium-duty truck produced by Navistar International. First produced in 2002, it is the successor to the 4000 Series of the 1990s....
medium-duty trucks fitted with pickup beds. The third version (the MXT) was essentially a street-legal version of a
Navistar-designed military vehicleThe MXT-MV was introduced in 2006. Part of International Truck's Military Vehicles line, it is an International MXT extensively modified for military duty, transportable by C-130.-Features:...
. The three XT trucks were sold until 2008.
2006-2008: Accounting Issues
In January 2006, the company declared it would not file its
form 10-KA Form 10-K is an annual report required by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission , that gives a comprehensive summary of a public company's performance...
annual reportAn annual report is a comprehensive report on a company's activities throughout the preceding year. Annual reports are intended to give shareholders and other interested people information about the company's activities and financial performance...
with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission on time. The delay was caused by the disagreement with its auditors, Deloitte and Touche, over complex accounting issues. In April, Navistar fired Deloitte, its independent auditor for 98 years, and hired
KPMGKPMG is one of the largest professional services networks in the world and one of the Big Four auditors, along with Deloitte, Ernst & Young and PwC. Its global headquarters is located in Amstelveen, Netherlands....
to help restate earning back to 2002 in order to fix accounting errors. On December 15, 2006, Navistar executives announced further delay of its restatement and 2006 results. The announcement prompted the NYSE to announce the delisting of the company, after 98 years of trading, although the NYSE subsequently delayed the delisting pending an appeal by Navistar. However, Navistar was removed from the
S&P 500The S&P 500 is a free-float capitalization-weighted index published since 1957 of the prices of 500 large-cap common stocks actively traded in the United States. The stocks included in the S&P 500 are those of large publicly held companies that trade on either of the two largest American stock...
Index, and the NYSE eventually denied Navistar's appeal and delisted the stock; it traded on the
Pink SheetsOTC Markets Group, Inc., informally known as "Pink Sheets", is a private company that provides services to the U.S. over-the-counter securities market including electronic quotations, trading, messaging, and information platforms. According to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, OTC...
until 30 June 2008, when it was re-listed on the NYSE, under its previous ticker symbol, NAV, after catching up with its filings. Christopher Anderson, the Deloitte partner responsible for the 2003 audit, accepted a one-year suspension from public audits in 2008, and became the first individual to be fined by the PCAOB.. Chief Executive Officer Daniel Ustian agreed to surrender to Navistar shares worth $1.3 million, while former Chief Financial Officer Robert C. Lannert consented to repay $1.05 million, each sum reflecting monetary bonuses they’d received during the restatement period, the SEC said. Four other company executives paid civil penalties without admitting liability.
Present day: Hybrids, Defense
In 2007, Navistar's International Truck and Engine Corporation is the first company to enter hybrid commercial truck production, with the
International DuraStarThe International DuraStar, originally introduced as the International 4000 Series, is a medium-duty truck produced by Navistar International. First produced in 2002, it is the successor to the 4000 Series of the 1990s....
Hybrid diesel-electric truck.
Navistar is the prime supplier of
MRAP armored vehiclesA Mine Resistant Ambush Protected is a family of armored fighting vehicles design led by the United States Marine Corps in use by the United States Army, Navy, Air Force, and Special Operations Forces with the goal of surviving IED attacks and ambushes - prompted by US deaths in Iraq...
to the US military. The
Navistar 7000 seriesThe Navistar 7000 series is a line of military heavy lift vehicles based on Navistar International's WorkStar truck chassis, and produced by Navistar Defense...
has been fielded by the
Canadian ForcesThe Canadian Forces , officially the Canadian Armed Forces , are the unified armed forces of Canada, as constituted by the National Defence Act, which states: "The Canadian Forces are the armed forces of Her Majesty raised by Canada and consist of one Service called the Canadian Armed Forces."...
for domestic operations. In 2005, the US Army ordered 2900 7,000-MV for the
Afghan National ArmyThe Afghan National Army is a service branch of the military of Afghanistan, which is currently trained by the coalition forces to ultimately take the role in land-based military operations in Afghanistan. , the Afghan National Army is divided into seven regional Corps. The strength of the Afghan...
and Iraqi Ministry of Defense and an additional order of 7,000 was added in 2008.
International Trucks
In 1986, after the transition from International Harvester to Navistar, the truck product line (essentially all that was left) dropped the "Harvester" portion of the brand name. Based in Warrenville, Illinois, International produces a variety of medium-duty, over-the-road, and severe-service trucks.
Medium Duty
- International TerraStar
The International TerraStar is a line of medium duty trucks manufactured by International Truck....
Class 4-5 conventional
- International CityStar LCF (low-cab forward) cab-over
- International DuraStar
The International DuraStar, originally introduced as the International 4000 Series, is a medium-duty truck produced by Navistar International. First produced in 2002, it is the successor to the 4000 Series of the 1990s....
Class 6-7 conventional
Class 8
- International LoneStar
The International LoneStar is a heavy duty truck manufactured by International Truck. The truck is easily recognizable by its streamlined design.-Models:*LoneStar: The standard LoneStar model.*LoneStar Daycab: A variant with no sleeper section in the cab....
conventional
- International ProStar+
The International ProStar is class 8 commercial vehicle manufactured by Navistar at its Chatham, Ontario plant. International touts the ProStar as the most fuel efficient truck in the Class 8 segment....
conventional
- International 9000 Series
The International 9000 Series is a line of Class 8 trucks manufactured by International Truck. The 9000 Series is of a conventional layout, with single or tandem rear axles.-Models:The 9000 series consists of three models:*9900i*9200i*9900ix...
conventional
- International TranStar
The International 8000 Series, also known as the International TranStar line, is a regional-haul tractor. It is available in two variants. They differ in engines, drivetrains, and axle configurations.-8500:...
conventional
Severe-service
- International PayStar conventional
- International WorkStar
-Models:*WorkStar 7300*Workstar 7400*WorkStar 7500*WorkStar 7600*WorkStar 7700*WorkStar Hybrid 4x4...
conventional
IC Bus
International has a long history in the school bus industry as a chassis provider, dating back to when school buses first became motorized. In 1991, Navistar entered the school bus industry as a body manufacturer when it began its acquisition of
AmTranAmerican Transportation Corporation was a builder of school buses in the United States. Founded in 1980, the company traces its roots back to Ward Body Works, which was established in 1933. AmTran was acquired by Navistar International in 1994-1995, a move that would begin a series of alignment...
, an Arkansas-based company founded as
Ward Body WorksWard Body Works was a manufacturer specializing in school buses based in Conway, Arkansas. Ward filed for bankruptcy in 1980, and its successor, AmTran continued the use of the Ward brand on its school buses until 1992.-History:D. H...
in 1933. Today, IC Bus (IC is an acronym for Integrated Coach) produces several models of full-sized school school buses along with buses for commercial use.
School/activity buses
- AE-Series cutaway-cab conventional (based on International TerraStar)
- BE-Series conventional (International 3300LP chassis)
- CE-Series conventional (International 3300
The International 3300 is a conventional bus chassis manufactured by Navistar International, used for school bus and commercial bus applications. It was introduced for 2005 as the replacement for the 3800...
chassis)
- available in diesel-electric hybrid configuration
- RE-Series rear-engine transit-style (International 3000
The International 3000 is a rear-engine Type D bus chassis manufactured by Navistar International, used for school bus and commercial bus applications. It was introduced in 1996 as the chassis for the then-new AmTran RE. The 3000 is used primarily for school buses and only by IC Bus...
chassis)
Commercial buses
Along with commercial-use derivatives of the school bus product lines, IC offers these distinct products:
- AC-Series cutaway cab (based on International TerraStar
The International TerraStar is a line of medium duty trucks manufactured by International Truck....
)
- HC-Series cutaway cab (based on International DuraStar
The International DuraStar, originally introduced as the International 4000 Series, is a medium-duty truck produced by Navistar International. First produced in 2002, it is the successor to the 4000 Series of the 1990s....
)
- available in diesel-electric hybrid configuration
- LC-Series low-floor cutaway cab (based on International DuraStar LP
The International DuraStar, originally introduced as the International 4000 Series, is a medium-duty truck produced by Navistar International. First produced in 2002, it is the successor to the 4000 Series of the 1990s....
)
Motorcoaches
IC Bus has introduced concept vehicles in both 40 feet (12.2 m) and 45 feet (13.7 m) lengths.
International Harvester/Navistar Diesel engines
International Truck and Engine recently launched the
MaxxForce brand name for their current line of Diesel engines. Current engines were re branded as "MaxxForce" followed by a number corresponding to the engine's displacement, rounded up. So the 4.5L VT275 became the "MaxxForce 5". Ford continued to use the
Power StrokePower Stroke is the name given to the diesel engines found in Ford Super Duty trucks, Ford Excursion SUVs, Ford Econoline vans, and Ford LCF commercial vehicles. Production by Navistar International Corporation for Ford Motor Company began in mid 1994, in Indianapolis, Indiana, Huntsville,...
brand name on their International-sourced engines.
Ford Motor Company
Since the 1980s, Navistar has had a close relationship with
Ford Motor CompanyFord Motor Company is an American multinational automaker based in Dearborn, Michigan, a suburb of Detroit. The automaker was founded by Henry Ford and incorporated on June 16, 1903. In addition to the Ford and Lincoln brands, Ford also owns a small stake in Mazda in Japan and Aston Martin in the UK...
. Initially, the relationship started out as an engine-sharing deal, but evolved into the production of entire vehicles.
Ford PowerStroke Diesel
As a result of the gas crises of the 1970s, big-block gasoline V8 engines (such as the
Ford 460The Ford 385 engine family was the Ford Motor Company's final big block V8 engine design, replacing the Ford MEL engine and gradually superseding the Ford FE engine family...
) had begun to fall out of favor with pickup-truck buyers. In the 1980s, diesel engines in American pickup trucks (introduced by General Motors in 1978) had become popular, as they offered the power of a big-block V8 with the fuel economy of a small-block V8 (if not a six-cylinder). Ford entered into a supply agreement with International Harvester to receive its 6.9 L
IDIThe International Harvester IDI engine is a 4-stroke 8-cylinder Diesel engine used in International Harvester trucks and Ford F-Series pickups from 1982 to 1994...
V8 engine. The first diesel-powered Ford pickup trucks debuted for 1982; it was available for ¾ and 1-ton models. Competitors such as Chrysler's Dodge division (which uses
a Cummins six-cylinderThe Cummins B Series is a family of straight-four and straight-6 diesel truck and industrial piston engines manufactured by Cummins. The B Series is known for displacing "one liter per cylinder" because of the popular straight-four and straight-six. A straight-four is also available...
) and General Motors (which now uses an Isuzu-engineered engine) also have diesels that they use in their ¾ ton and 1 ton models.
In 1994, when the International 7.3 L IDI V8 was replaced by the
T444EThe T444E is a Diesel V8 engine manufactured by Navistar International Corporation. It was used by Ford Motor Company, branded the Ford Power Stroke engine, from 1994 through 2003, replacing an earlier 7.3 L indirect-injection V8 from Navistar...
, the diesel option was branded "Ford PowerStroke" to emphasize the switch to direct injection. Throughout the 1990s and 2000s, Ford offered International/Navistar V8 (as the DT inline-6 was far too large to package in a pickup truck) in the
Ford Super DutyFor the 1999 model year, Ford shifted the F-250 and F-350 truck lines to a design mechanically and cosmetically distinct from that of the F-150. The F-350 was not available for 1998, while the F-250 was available that year with the F-150's body...
pickup trucks. As of 2010 the 6.4 L Ford PowerStroke V8 was the last of the International/Navistar diesels used in Ford's F-Series Super Duty lineup. When Ford redesigned the Super Duty in 2011, it was fitted with a 6.7 L V8 designed and produced by Ford. During its first release, the Powerstroke produced 390hp and 735ft-lb of torque. Later on in 2011, Ford tweaked the engine to deliver best-in-class 400hp and 800ft-lb of torque.
Blue Diamond Truck
In 2001, Navistar formed a
joint ventureA joint venture is a business agreement in which parties agree to develop, for a finite time, a new entity and new assets by contributing equity. They exercise control over the enterprise and consequently share revenues, expenses and assets...
with longtime (20 years) customer
Ford Motor CompanyFord Motor Company is an American multinational automaker based in Dearborn, Michigan, a suburb of Detroit. The automaker was founded by Henry Ford and incorporated on June 16, 1903. In addition to the Ford and Lincoln brands, Ford also owns a small stake in Mazda in Japan and Aston Martin in the UK...
to manufacture medium-duty trucks and parts including diesel engines for both parent companies. The new company, Blue Diamond Truck Co. LLC, operates in the Navistar plant in
General EscobedoGeneral Escobedo, or simply Escobedo, is a city and municipality in Nuevo León, Mexico that is part of the Monterrey Metropolitan area. As of the census of 2005, the population was 295,131 in the city and 299,364 in the municipality...
,
MexicoThe United Mexican States , commonly known as Mexico , is a federal constitutional republic in North America. It is bordered on the north by the United States; on the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; on the southeast by Guatemala, Belize, and the Caribbean Sea; and on the east by the Gulf of...
. Its first products were the 2004 Ford
F-650 and F-750The Ford F-650/F-750 Super Duty are medium-duty commercial trucks produced by Ford Motor Company. They were introduced by Ford in 2000, replacing the previous-generation F-600, F-700, and F-800 trucks introduced in 1980. They are made mainly for use as utilitarian trucks for towing, heavy hauling,...
medium-duty trucks.
Anhui Jianghuai Navistar
On 16 September 2010,
Anhui Jianghuai Automobile Co., Ltd.JAC Motors is a Chinese state-owned automobile and commercial vehicle manufacturer. The company is based in Hefei, Anhui Province, China....
(JAC) announced joint ventures with
NC2 GlobalNC2 Global is a heavy truck and engine manufacturer that is a 50/50 joint venture of Navistar International and Caterpillar Inc. based in Chicago, Illinois. It was formed in 2009 to "develop, manufacture and distribute commercial trucks globally, outside North America and India"...
and Navistar International Corporation that will develop, build, and market heavy duty trucks and diesel engines in China.
Mahindra Navistar
Navistar formed a joint venture with Mahindra & Mahindra to build heavy trucks in India under the
Mahindra International brand, which has since been renamed
Mahindra NavistarMahindra Navistar Automotives Ltd, formerly called Mahindra International, is an Indian commercial vehicle manufacturer formed in 2005 from a joint-venture between Navistar International of the United States and Mahindra & Mahindra ....
. These Trucks were displayed at Auto Expo 2010 in Delhi,India
Tatra
Tatra and Navistar Defence introduced at
EurosatoryEurosatory is an International Defence & Security industry trade show that is held every two years in Paris-Nord Villepinte Exhibition Centre, Paris, France. In 2006 it had over 1000 exhibitors and 46,000 visitors. It is organized by COGES in partnership with the French Ministry of Defense. The...
Exposition in Paris, France (Jun 14-18 2010) the results of their strategic alliance since October 2009, the models ATX6 (universal container carrier) and ATX8 (troop carrier) The vehicles appear to be based on
Tatra T815-7Tatra T815 is a truck family, produced by Czech company Tatra. It uses the traditional tatra concept of rigid backbone tube and swinging half-axles giving independent suspension. The vehicles are available in 4x4, 6x6, 8x8, 10x8, 10x10, 12x8 and 12x12 variants. There are both air-cooled and...
(T817) 6x6, 8x8 chassis(see pics here) , suspension and cabins while using Navistar engines and other componets. Under the deal Navistar Defence and Tatra A.S. will market the vehicles in North America, which includes sales to the United States military and foreign military sales financed by the United States government. Tatra will source parts and components through Navistar’s global parts and support network for Tatra trucks delivered in markets outside of North America as well as market Navistar-Tatra vehicles around the world in their primary markets.
Others
- In 2005, Navistar purchased MWM International Motores, a Brazilian engine manufacturer formerly associated with Deutz AG
Deutz AG is an engine manufacturer, based in Cologne, Germany.-History:The company was founded by Nikolaus Otto, inventor of the four-stroke internal combustion engine, in 1864 as N. A...
.
- Navistar International has a contract with Budget Truck Rental
Budget Truck Rental, LLC is the second largest truck rental company in the continental United States of America with around 2,800 businesses and 32,000 trucks across the country...
to produce their rental trucks.
- Navistar entered into an agreement to purchase General Motors' medium duty truck unit in 2007, but because of changing market conditions the purchase was not concluded.
Plug-in hybrid vehicles
USDOE announced the selection of Navistar Corporation for a cost-shared award of up to $10 million to develop, test, and deploy plug-in hybrid electric (PHEV) school buses. The project aims to deploy 60 vehicles for a three-year period in school bus fleets across the nation. The vehicles will be capable of running in either electric-only or hybrid modes and will be recharged from a standard electrical outlet. Because electricity will be their primary fuel, they will consume less petroleum than standard vehicles. To develop the PHEV school bus, Navistar will examine a range of hybrid architectures and evaluate advanced energy storage devices, with the goal of developing a vehicle with a 40 miles (64.4 km) electric range. Travel beyond the 40 miles (64.4 km) range will be facilitated by a clean diesel engine capable of running on renewable fuels. The DOE funding will cover up to half of the project's cost and will be provided over three years, subject to annual
appropriationAppropriation is a non-violent process by which previously unowned natural resources, particularly land, become the property of a person or group of persons. The term is widely used in economics in this sense...
s.
Images
See also
Official Navistar Sites
Other Sites