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A National Research and Education Network (NREN) is a specialised internet service provider
Internet service provider

An Internet service provider is a company that offers its customers access to the Internet. The ISP connects to its customers using a data transmission technology appropriate for delivering Internet Protocol datagrams, such as dial-up, DSL, cable modem or dedicated high-speed interconnects....
 dedicated to supporting the needs of the research
Research

Research is defined as human activity based on intellectual application in the investigation of matter. The primary purpose for applied research is discovery , interpretation , and the development of methods and systems for the advancement of human knowledge on a wide variety of scientific matters of our world and the universe....
 and education
Education

File:Inukshuk Monterrey 1.jpgEducation can be seen as a product or a process and considered in a broad sense or a technical sense. According to philosophy of education George F....
 communities within a country.

It is usually distinguished by support for a high-speed backbone network
Backbone network

A backbone network or network backbone is a part of computer network infrastructure that interconnects various pieces of network, providing a path for the exchange of information between different LANs or subnetworks....
, often offering dedicated channels for individual research projects.

NRENs are usually the places where new Internet protocols are introduced before deployment within the Internet.






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A National Research and Education Network (NREN) is a specialised internet service provider
Internet service provider

An Internet service provider is a company that offers its customers access to the Internet. The ISP connects to its customers using a data transmission technology appropriate for delivering Internet Protocol datagrams, such as dial-up, DSL, cable modem or dedicated high-speed interconnects....
 dedicated to supporting the needs of the research
Research

Research is defined as human activity based on intellectual application in the investigation of matter. The primary purpose for applied research is discovery , interpretation , and the development of methods and systems for the advancement of human knowledge on a wide variety of scientific matters of our world and the universe....
 and education
Education

File:Inukshuk Monterrey 1.jpgEducation can be seen as a product or a process and considered in a broad sense or a technical sense. According to philosophy of education George F....
 communities within a country.

It is usually distinguished by support for a high-speed backbone network
Backbone network

A backbone network or network backbone is a part of computer network infrastructure that interconnects various pieces of network, providing a path for the exchange of information between different LANs or subnetworks....
, often offering dedicated channels for individual research projects.

NRENs are usually the places where new Internet protocols are introduced before deployment within the Internet. Two examples of these protocols are IPv6
IPv6

Internet Protocol version 6 is the next-generation Internet layer protocol for packet -switched internetworking and the Internet. IPv4 is the dominant Internet Protocol version, and was the first to receive widespread use....
 and IP multicast
Multicast

Multicast is a Computer networking addressing method for the delivery of information to a group of destinations simultaneously using the most efficient strategy to deliver the messages over each link of the network only once, creating copies only when the links to the multiple destinations split....
.

List of NRENs

  • Internet2
    Internet2

    Internet2 is a non-profit consortiumthat develops and deploys advanced high-performance Computer network applications and technologies for education, research, and the next-generation public Internet....
     (UCAID) - de facto NREN of the United States of America
  • National LambdaRail
    National LambdaRail

    National LambdaRail is a high-speed national computer network infrastructure in the United States that runs over fiber optics lines, and is the first transcontinental Ethernet network....
     (NLR) - United States NREN
  • CANARIE
    CANARIE

    CANARIE, the Canadian Advanced Network and Research for Industry and Education, is a Canada government supported non-profit corporation, founded in 1993, which maintains a set of leased wide area network links and also develops and deploys advanced computer network applications and technologies, for education and high-speed data transfe...
     (CA*Net) - Canadian NREN
  • APAN - Asia-Pacific Advanced Network
    • AARNet
      AARNet

      AARNet or Australian Academic and Research Network offers Internet services to the Australian education and research communities and their research partners....
       - Australian NREN
    • BDREN - Bangladeshi NREN
    • CSTNET
      CSTNET

      CSTNET or China Science and Technology Network offers Internet services to the PRC education, research, scientific and technical communities, relevant government departments and hi-tech enterprises, providing services such as network access, host trusteeship, virtual host and domain name registration etc....
       - Chinese NREN
    • ERNET
      ERNET

      Education and Research Network , India is an autonomous scientific society of Ministry of Communications and Information Technology . ERNET has made a significant contribution to the emergence of networking in the country....
       - Indian NREN
    • HARNET
      Harnet

      HARNET is the wide area network which links up the campus networks of the eight tertiary institutions in Hong Kong....
       - Hong Kong NREN
    • NREN - Nepal NREN
    • KAREN
      Kiwi Advanced Research and Education Network

      The Kiwi Advanced Research and Education Network is a high capacity, ultra high-speed connectivity between New Zealand?s tertiary institutions, research organisations, libraries, schools and museums, and the rest of the world....
       (REANNZ) - New Zealand NREN
    • PERN
      Pern

      Pern is a fictional planet in the universe created by science fiction writer Anne McCaffrey for her Dragonriders of Pern series of novels. In certain areas of Ireland, the author's adopted home, the word pern means "spindle" or "bobbin", a reference to the motif of Thread in the Pern novels....
       - Pakistani NREN
    • SINET - Japanese NREN
    • MYREN - Malaysian NREN
    • SingAREN - Singaporean NREN
    • TWAREN - Taiwanese NREN
    • Uninet - Thai NREN
    • PREGINET - Philippine NREN
  • CLARA
    Clara Network

    CLARA, , is an international organization whose aim is to connect Latin America's academic computer networks. It is Cooperaci?n Latino Americana de Redes Avanzadas in Spanish and Coopera??o Latino-Americana de Redes Avan?adas in Portuguese....
     - Cooperación Latino Americana de Redes Avanzadas (Association of Latin American NRENs) that runs RedCLARA backbone network
    • CEDIA - Ecuadorian NREN
    • CR2Net - Costa Rican NREN
    • CUDI
      CUDI

      CUDI is a non-profit consortium to build and operate a Mexican high-performance backbone network computer network for research and education, Internet-2 Mexico....
       - Mexican NREN
    • RAAP - Peruvian NREN
    • RAICES
      Raices

      Ra?ces is an album by Uruguayan singer/songwriter Jose Barroso. Unlike his later music with Los Barroso , Ra?ces mostly works within the framework of canto popular, relying mostly on Barroso's tenor like voice and folk style guitar playing....
       - Salvadoran NREN
    • RAGIE - Guatemalan NREN
    • RAU
      RAU

      RAU can refer to:* The IOC code for the now defunct United Arab Republic*Rand Afrikaans University in Johannesburg, South Africa* Rauceby railway station, England; National Rail station code RAU...
       - Uruguayan NREN
    • REACCIUN - Venezuelan NREN
    • RedCyT - Panamanian NREN
    • RENATE
      Renate

      Renate is a comune in the region of Lombardy within the province of province_of_Milan in northwestern Italy. From 2009 it will be included in the province of province_of_Monza_e_Brianza....
       - Colombian NREN
    • RENIA
      Renia

      Renia is a genus of moths of the Noctuidae family. ...
       - Nicaraguan NREN
    • RETINA
      Retina

      The vertebrate retina is a light sensitive tissue lining the inner surface of the eye. The optics of the eye create an image of the visual world on the retina, which serves much the same function as the film in a camera....
       - Argentine NREN
    • REUNA - Chilean NREN
    • RNP
      Rede Nacional de Ensino e Pesquisa

      Rede Nacional de Ensino e Pesquisa is Brazil's academic Internet backbone. It was created in 1989 and the network started being built in 1991....
       - Brazilian NREN
    • UNITEC
      Unitec

      Unitec may refer to:*Unitec New Zealand, Auckland, New Zealand*Universidad Tecnologica de Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico*Universidad Tecnol?gica Centroamericana, Tegucigalpa and San Pedro Sula, Honduras...
       - Honduran NREN
  • KENET - Kenyan NREN
  • MALICO/MAREN - Malawian NREN
  • TENET
    Tenet

    Tenet may refer to:* Tenet , a Canadian heavy metal band* Tenet Healthcare, a hospital holding company* Tenet people, an ethnic group in Sudan...
    /SANReN
    SANReN

    SANReN is a project to create a new NREN in South Africa. However, unlike most other NRENs, SANReN will provide its clients with both connectivity to the worlds research networks as well as commodity Internet access....
     - South African NREN
  • TERENA
    TERENA

    TERENA is a not-for-profit association of European National Research and Education Network . It was formed in October 1994 through the merger of R?seaux Associ?s pour la Recherche Europ?enne and European Academic Research Network , and is incorporated in Amsterdam, The Netherlands....
     - Trans-European Research and Education Networking Association (Association of European NRENs)
  • DANTE
    DANTE

    DANTE is a not-for-profit organisation that plans, builds and operates the international networks that interconnect the various National Research and Education Networks in Europe and surrounding regions....
     - runs GÉANT2
    GÉANT2

    G?ANT2 is the seventh generation of pan-European research and education network, successor to the pan-European multi-gigabit research network G?ANT....
     backbone network on behalf of European NRENs
    • ACOnet - Austrian NREN
    • AMRES - Serbian NREN
    • ARNES
      ARNES

      ARNES stands for Academic and Research Network of Slovenia. Its main task is development, operation and management of the communication and information network for education and research, and was established as an independent public institution in 1992....
       - Slovenian NREN
    • Belnet - Belgian NREN
    • CARNet
      CARNet

      CARNet is the Croatian academia and Research computer network .The network was founded in 1991 by the ministry of science and technology, and the institution officially came to life in 1995 when the government decreed so....
       - Croatian NREN
    • CESNET
      CESNET

      CESNET is Czech Republic's National Research and Education Network operator. It has been founded in 1996 by universities and the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic - ....
       - Czech NREN
    • CYNET - Cypriot NREN
    • DFN - German NREN
    • EENet
      EENet

      Estonian Educational and Research Network is a governmental nonprofit organization established in August 1993 by the Ministry of Education of Estonia with the task of managing, coordinating and developing the computer network of science, education and culture....
       - Estonian NREN
    • FCCN - Portuguese NREN
    • Consortium GARR - Italian NREN
    • GRNET
      GRNET

      GRNET is the national research and education network of Greece. GRNET develops and provides advanced services of national and international internet access to the Research, Academic and Education communities of Greece, with its gigabit GRNET2 network and the Virtual NOC supportive scheme....
       - Greek NREN
    • HEAnet
      HEAnet

      HEAnet , provides high-speed Internet access to academic institutions in Republic of Ireland direct to European and United States networks. The network is funded by the Higher Education Authority and is a Wide area network-based network....
       - Irish NREN
    • HUNGARNET - Hungarian NREN
    • IUCC - Israeli NREN
    • JANET
      JANET

      File:JANET.png JANET is a private British government-funded computer network dedicated to education and research. All further- and higher-education organisations in the UK are connected to JANET, as are all the Research Councils; the majority of these sites are connected via 20 metropolitan area networks across the UK....
       (JANET(UK)
      JANET(UK)

      JANET is the trading name for the JNT Association, which since 1994 has had responsibility for the management of the United Kingdom?s Higher Education networking programme....
      ) - United Kingdom NREN
    • SigmaNet - Latvian NREN
    • LITNET
      LITNET

      LITNET is an Academic and Research Network in Lithuania. It was established in 1991 and had X.25 satellite connectivity to University of Oslo....
       - Lithuanian NREN
    • MARNET - Macedonian NREN
    • NORDUnet
      NORDUnet

      NORDUnet is an international collaboration between the Nordic countries national computer networks for research and education. The members of NORDUnet are:...
       - Nordic
      Nordic countries

      File:Location Nordic Council.svgThe Nordic countries make up a region in Northern Europe and far northeastern North America, called the Nordic region, consisting of Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden and their associated territories which include the Faroe Islands, Greenland and ?land....
       backbone network
      • FUNET
        FUNET

        FUNET is the Finland University and Research Network, a backbone network providing Internet connections for Finnish universities and research facilities....
         - Finnish NREN
      • RHnet - Icelandic NREN
      • SUNET
        SUNET

        SUNET is the Swedish University Computer Network. SUNET provides high-speed Internet access to academic institutions in Sweden. The current incarnation of the network, OptoSunet, provides 40 Gigabit/s links between the cities hosting universities....
         - Swedish NREN
      • Forskningsnettet - Danish NREN
      • UNINETT
        UNINETT

        UNINETT is a Norway government-owned company responsible for deploying and maintaining a national research based computer network . They also conduct network research and pilot projects related to high speed connectivity....
         - Norwegian NREN
    • PIONIER
      POL-34

      POL-34 is a Poland academic computer network created to provide high-speed Internet access and to conduct network-based research. Most of the government founded higher education organisations and all of metropolitan area networks in Poland are connected to POL-34....
       (PCSS) - Polish NREN
    • RedIRIS
      RedIRIS

      RedIRIS is the national research and education network for Spain. It is part of Red.es, which also administers and oversees the .es national Top-level domain....
       - Spanish NREN
    • RENATER
      Renater

      Renater is a France national public high speed computer networking dedicated to connecting universities, schools , and research centers through the whole country....
       - French NREN
    • RESTENA - Luxembourg NREN
    • RNC
      RNC

      RNC may refer to:*Republican National Committee, the principal campaign and fund-raising organization affiliated with the United States Republican Party...
       / RoEduNet - Romanian NRENs
    • SANET - Slovakian NREN
    • SURFnet
      SURFnet

      SURFnet is the organisation that develops, implements and maintains the national research and educational network of the Netherlands. The network itself is also called SURFnet....
       - Dutch NREN
    • SWITCH
      SWITCH Information Technology Services

      SWITCH is the manager of the .ch and .li country-code top-level domains for Switzerland and Liechtenstein, respectively. It also manages the educational networks among Swiss universities, and the links to other university networks....
       - Swiss NREN
    • ULAKBIM - Turkish NREN
    • University of Malta CSC - Maltese NREN


See also

  • Information superhighway
    Information superhighway

    The information superhighway was a popular term used through the 1990s to refer to digital communication systems. It is associated with United States Senator and later Vice-President Al Gore....
  • Al Gore's contributions to the Internet and technology

External links

NRENs:
  • US Research and Education Network
  • REN in Asia & Pacific
  • New Zealand Research and Education Network
Further reading and case studies: