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Nairi is an Assyrian
Assyrian language

Assyrian language may refer to:*The Assyrian language, an extinct Semitic language spoken in ancient Assyria*the modern Assyrian Neo-Aramaic language...
 term from the 13th to 10th centuries BC (Late Bronze Age to Early Iron Age) given to a people located around Lake Van
Lake Van

Lake Van is the largest lake in Turkey, located in the far east of the country. It is a salt lakes and soda lake, receiving water from numerous small streams that descend from the surrounding mountains....
, in what is now East Anatolia, Turkey
Turkey

Turkey , known officially as the Republic of Turkey , is a Eurasian country that stretches across the Anatolian peninsula in southwest Asia and Thrace in the Balkans region of Southern Europe....
. They were considered a force strong enough to contend with both the Assyria
Assyria

Assyria was a political state centered on the Upper Tigris river, in Mesopotamia , that came to rule regional empires a number of times in history....
ns and Hittites
Hittites

The Hittites were an ancient Anatolian people who spoke a Hittite language of the Anatolian languages of the Indo-European languages family, and established a kingdom centered at Hattusa in north-central Anatolia ca....
 during the Bronze Age collapse
Bronze Age collapse

The Bronze Age collapse is the name given by those historians who see the transition from the Bronze Age to the Iron Age, as violent, sudden and culturally disruptive, expressed by the collapse of palace economy of the Aegean Region and Anatolia, which were replaced after a hiatus by the isolated village cultures of the Dark Ages of the Ancie...
.

e are insufficient primary source
Primary source

Primary source is a term used in a number of disciplines. In historiography, a primary source is a document, recording or other source of information that was created at the time being studied, by an authoritative source, usually one with direct personal knowledge of the events being described....
s for a definite description of their ethnic roots and territorial distribution. By some opinions, they may have been a Hurrian
Hurrians

The Hurrians were a people of the Ancient Near East, who lived in northern Mesopotamia and areas to the immediate east and west, beginning approximately 2500 BC....
 tribe, related to contemporary Mitanni
Mitanni

Mitanni or Hanigalbat was a loosely organized Hurrian-speaking Hittite vassal state in northern Syria from ca. 1500 BC-1300 BC."The Assyrians called the lands of Mitanni Hanigalbat while to the Hittites it was the land of the Hurrians....
 (Götze 1936).






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Nairi is an Assyrian
Assyrian language

Assyrian language may refer to:*The Assyrian language, an extinct Semitic language spoken in ancient Assyria*the modern Assyrian Neo-Aramaic language...
 term from the 13th to 10th centuries BC (Late Bronze Age to Early Iron Age) given to a people located around Lake Van
Lake Van

Lake Van is the largest lake in Turkey, located in the far east of the country. It is a salt lakes and soda lake, receiving water from numerous small streams that descend from the surrounding mountains....
, in what is now East Anatolia, Turkey
Turkey

Turkey , known officially as the Republic of Turkey , is a Eurasian country that stretches across the Anatolian peninsula in southwest Asia and Thrace in the Balkans region of Southern Europe....
. They were considered a force strong enough to contend with both the Assyria
Assyria

Assyria was a political state centered on the Upper Tigris river, in Mesopotamia , that came to rule regional empires a number of times in history....
ns and Hittites
Hittites

The Hittites were an ancient Anatolian people who spoke a Hittite language of the Anatolian languages of the Indo-European languages family, and established a kingdom centered at Hattusa in north-central Anatolia ca....
 during the Bronze Age collapse
Bronze Age collapse

The Bronze Age collapse is the name given by those historians who see the transition from the Bronze Age to the Iron Age, as violent, sudden and culturally disruptive, expressed by the collapse of palace economy of the Aegean Region and Anatolia, which were replaced after a hiatus by the isolated village cultures of the Dark Ages of the Ancie...
.

Identity

There are insufficient primary source
Primary source

Primary source is a term used in a number of disciplines. In historiography, a primary source is a document, recording or other source of information that was created at the time being studied, by an authoritative source, usually one with direct personal knowledge of the events being described....
s for a definite description of their ethnic roots and territorial distribution. By some opinions, they may have been a Hurrian
Hurrians

The Hurrians were a people of the Ancient Near East, who lived in northern Mesopotamia and areas to the immediate east and west, beginning approximately 2500 BC....
 tribe, related to contemporary Mitanni
Mitanni

Mitanni or Hanigalbat was a loosely organized Hurrian-speaking Hittite vassal state in northern Syria from ca. 1500 BC-1300 BC."The Assyrians called the lands of Mitanni Hanigalbat while to the Hittites it was the land of the Hurrians....
 (Götze 1936). Others take this hypothesis skeptically; e.g., Benedict (Benedict 1960) points out that there is no evidence of the presence of Hurrites in the vicinity of Lake Van.

An early, documented reference to Nairi is a tablet dated to the time of Adad-nirari I
Adad-nirari I

Adad-nirari I was a Kings of Assyria of Assyria. He is the earliest Assyrian king whose annals survive in any detail.Adad-nirari I was a king of substantial military consequence in the development of the Assyrian kingdom....
 (13th century BC), which mentions the purchase of 128 horse
Horse

The horse is a hoofed mammal, a subspecies of one of seven extant species of the family Equidae. The horse has evolution of the horse over the past 45 to 55 million years from a small multi-toed creature into the large, odd-toed ungulate animal of today....
s from the Nairi region.

The names of twenty-three Nairi lands were recorded by Tiglath-Pileser I
Tiglath-Pileser I

Tiglath-Pileser I was a Kings of Assyria of Assyria during the Middle Assyrian period . According to Georges Roux, Tiglath-Pileser was, "one of the two or three great Assyrian monarchs since the days of Shamshi-Adad I"....
 (1114–1076 BC). Their southernmost point was Tumme, known to have been south-west of Lake Urmia
Lake Urmia

Lake Urmia...
, and their northern one Daiaeni. These lands are known from the list of defeated kings: "the king of Tumme, the king of Tunube, the king of Tuali, the king of Kindari, the king of Uzula, the king of Unzamuni the king of Andiabe, the king of Pilakinni, the king of Aturgini, the king of Kulibarzini, the king of Shinibirni, the king of Himua, the king of Paiteri, the king of Uiram, the king of Shururia, the king of Albaia, the king of Ugina, the king of Nazabia, the king of Abarsiuni, and the king of Daiaeni."

The Nairi fought against the southern incursions of the Assyrians and would later unite into Urartu
Urartu

Urartu was an Iron Age kingdom in Eastern Anatolia , rising to power in the mid 9th century BC, and finally conquered by Median Empire in the early 6th century BC....
.

See also

  • Nairi (Armenian usages)
    Nairi (Armenian usages)

    During the late nineteenth century rise of nationalism under the Ottoman Empire, including Armenian nationalism, the word "Nairi" or "Nayiri" came be to be used as a synonym for Armenia among some Armenians who came to see the Nairi, a people located in the wider area of the Armenian Highlands during the Late Bronze Age, as their remo...
  • Hayasa
  • Bronze Age collapse
    Bronze Age collapse

    The Bronze Age collapse is the name given by those historians who see the transition from the Bronze Age to the Iron Age, as violent, sudden and culturally disruptive, expressed by the collapse of palace economy of the Aegean Region and Anatolia, which were replaced after a hiatus by the isolated village cultures of the Dark Ages of the Ancie...


Further reading

  • Albrecht Götze, Hethiter, Churriter und Assyrer, Instituttet for Sammenlignende Kulturforskning, Serie A: Forelesninger XVII (Oslo, 1936).
  • Warren C. Benedict, Urartians and Hurrians. Journal of the American Oriental Society 80/2, 1960, 100-104.
  • Ralf-Bernhard Wartke, Urartu Das Reich am Ararat, Verlag Philipp von Zabern, Mainz/Rhein 1993
  • A. G. Sagona, Matasha McConchie, Liza Hopkins (2004) "Archaeology at the North-east Anatolian Frontier", ISBN 9042913908