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Naczelnik Panstwa (Polish
Polish language

Polish , an official language of Poland, has the largest number of speakers of any West Slavic languages. Polish-speakers use the language in a uniform manner through most of Poland, and it has a regular orthography....
 for "Chief of State") was the title of Poland's Chief of State in the early years of the Second Polish Republic
Second Polish Republic

The Second Polish Republic, Second Commonwealth of Poland or interwar Poland is the Republic of Poland between World War I and World War II....
. This office was held only by Józef Pilsudski
Józef Pilsudski

]]In 1892 Pilsudski returned from exile. In 1893 he joined the Polish Socialist Party and helped organize its Lithuanian branch. Initially he sided with the Socialists' more radical wing, but despite the socialist movement's ostensible internationalism he remained a Polish nationalist....
, from 1918 to 1922. Until 1919 it was called "Tymczasowy naczelnik panstwa" ("Provisional Chief of State"). After 1922 the Polish head of state was called prezydent (the president
President

President is a title held by many leaders of organizations, company, trade unions, university, and country. Etymology, a "president" is one who Wiktionary:Preside, who sits in leadership ....
).

The office of Chief of State was created by a Regency Council
Regency Council

The Regency Council of the Kingdom of Poland was a semi-independent and temporary highest authority during World War I, formed by Germany and Austria-Hungary in the occupied Polish territories in September 1917....
 decree of November 22, 1918, which established a system of governance for Poland pending its revision by a democratically-elected Sejm
Sejm

The Sejm is the lower house of the Poland parliament.Before the 20th century, the term "Sejm" referred to the entire three-Chambers of parliament Polish parliament, comprising the lower house , the upper house and the monarch....
 (parliament).

The Naczelnik exercised the highest civil and military power in the country.






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Naczelnik Panstwa (Polish
Polish language

Polish , an official language of Poland, has the largest number of speakers of any West Slavic languages. Polish-speakers use the language in a uniform manner through most of Poland, and it has a regular orthography....
 for "Chief of State") was the title of Poland's Chief of State in the early years of the Second Polish Republic
Second Polish Republic

The Second Polish Republic, Second Commonwealth of Poland or interwar Poland is the Republic of Poland between World War I and World War II....
. This office was held only by Józef Pilsudski
Józef Pilsudski

]]In 1892 Pilsudski returned from exile. In 1893 he joined the Polish Socialist Party and helped organize its Lithuanian branch. Initially he sided with the Socialists' more radical wing, but despite the socialist movement's ostensible internationalism he remained a Polish nationalist....
, from 1918 to 1922. Until 1919 it was called "Tymczasowy naczelnik panstwa" ("Provisional Chief of State"). After 1922 the Polish head of state was called prezydent (the president
President

President is a title held by many leaders of organizations, company, trade unions, university, and country. Etymology, a "president" is one who Wiktionary:Preside, who sits in leadership ....
).

The office of Chief of State was created by a Regency Council
Regency Council

The Regency Council of the Kingdom of Poland was a semi-independent and temporary highest authority during World War I, formed by Germany and Austria-Hungary in the occupied Polish territories in September 1917....
 decree of November 22, 1918, which established a system of governance for Poland pending its revision by a democratically-elected Sejm
Sejm

The Sejm is the lower house of the Poland parliament.Before the 20th century, the term "Sejm" referred to the entire three-Chambers of parliament Polish parliament, comprising the lower house , the upper house and the monarch....
 (parliament).

The Naczelnik exercised the highest civil and military power in the country. He was Commander-in-Chief
Commander-in-Chief

A commander-in-chief is the commander of a nation's military forces or significant element of those forces. In the latter case, the force element may be defined as those forces within a particular region or those forces which are associated by function....
 of the Polish armed forces, with powerful prerogatives in the field of foreign relations
Foreign relations

Foreign relations may refer to:* Diplomacy, the art and practice of conducting negotiations between representatives of groups or nations* Foreign policy, a set of political goals that seeks to outline how a particular country will interact with other countries of the world...
. He appointed government minister
Minister (government)

A minister is a politician who holds significant public office in a national or regional government. Senior ministers are members of the Cabinet , usually led by a monarch, Governor-General, or president....
s, who answered to him, including the prime minister
Prime minister

A prime minister is the most senior minister of Cabinet in the Executive branch of government in a parliamentary system. The position is usually held by, but need not always be held by, a politician....
. Any laws promulgated by the Chief of State required the signatures of the Chief of State, the prime minister, and the pertinent minister, though any such laws were to be reviewed by the first subsequent Sejm.

Józef Pilsudski
Józef Pilsudski

]]In 1892 Pilsudski returned from exile. In 1893 he joined the Polish Socialist Party and helped organize its Lithuanian branch. Initially he sided with the Socialists' more radical wing, but despite the socialist movement's ostensible internationalism he remained a Polish nationalist....
, who was chosen Chief of State, relinquished his powers to the first Sejm on February 20, 1919; however, the Sejm requested that he remain Chief of State, stating the powers of the office (now without the word, "Provisional") in the Small Constitution of 1919
Small Constitution of 1919

The Small Constitution of 1919 was the "Legislative Sejm's ordinance of February 20, 1919, entrusting J?zef Pilsudski with the further execution of the office of Naczelnik Panstwa" ....
. The Chief of State remained Commander-in-Chief of the Polish Army, named the government (subject to confirmation by the Sejm) and held the highest executive power. He was a member of the Council of National Defense (Rada Obrony Panstwa), created during the Polish-Soviet War
Polish-Soviet War

The Polish-Soviet War was an armed conflict of Russian SFSR and Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic against the Second Polish Republic and the short-lived Ukrainian People's Republic, four states in post-World War I Europe....
, which had threatened the survival of the newly recreated Polish state.

Pilsudski relinquished his powers to the newly elected President of Poland, Gabriel Narutowicz
Gabriel Narutowicz

Gabriel Narutowicz - of his own coat of arms an engineer, a hydroelectrician, a professor at the Polytechnic Institute in Zurich, Switzerland, the Minister of Public Works , the Minister of Foreign Affairs , the first president of the Second Polish Republic, a mason....
, on 14 December 1922.

See also

  • Naczelnik
    Naczelnik

    Naczelnik is the Polish language word for Leader. It was first used as an official title by Tadeusz Kosciuszko during the Polish revolutions of the 18th Century....