Mykolaiv
Encyclopedia
Mykolaiv also known as Nikolayev (from Russian
), is a city
in southern Ukraine
, administrative center of the Mykolaiv Oblast
. Mykolaiv is the main ship building center of the Black Sea
, and, arguably, the whole Eastern Europe
.
, the city is named Микола́їв, for which the transliteration
is Mykolaiv, or, more rarely, Mykolayiv. The Russian
name is Никола́ев, which transliterates as Nikolaev or Nikolayev.
In 1920 the Nikolaev government decided to rename the city Vernoleninsk, but the new name was not approved by the Government of the Soviet Union
. Nevertheless, in German encyclopedic dictionaries in 1927 and 1932 on the map of European USSR, the city was named Vernoleninsk.
along the estuary
of the Southern Buh river (where it meets the Inhul
River)..
of the Mykolaiv Oblast
(province
), as well as that of both the Mykolaivskyi
and Zhovtnevyi raion
s (districts) within the oblast. However, Mykolaiv is also a city of oblast subordinance
, and is thus subject directly to the oblast authorities rather to the raion administration housed in the city itself.
) and an important riverport
. The city has three major shipyards
one of which is capable of building large navy
ships. Other important industries are mechanical engineering
, power engineering
, metallurgy
and last 10 years - food industry.
of Novorossiya
, Prince Grigori Potemkin, initially as a shipyard called simply a New Shipyard on the Ingul river. Kniaz Potemkin signed an order to construct a shipyard on August 27, 1789, which is considered to be the city's birth date. The shipyard was to undertake the repair of naval ships in the Russo-Turkish War (1787–1792). Later Potemkin ordered the shipyard to be named Nikolaev to commemorate the date when Ochakov fell to the Russian troops under his command on December 6, 1788, close to the day of Saint Nicholas
(Nikolay) December 19, in the Russian Orthodox Church
calendar.
The history of the city has always been closely connected to ship building. Captain Georgy Brusilov
of the ill-fated Arctic ship St Anna
was born in Mykolaiv in 1884.
The Lubavicher Rebbe Rabbi Menachem Mendel Schneerson
was born in Mykolaiv in 1902. Mykolaiv was occupied by Romania
between 1941-1944.
, Petro Mohyla Black Sea State University, Mykolaiv Pedagogical Institute and Mykolaiv State Agrarian University .
, one of the largest and technically well-equipped airports in the South of Ukraine, serves the city. The airport is mainly served by cargo and only limited passenger service is available through this airport. UTAir offers flights from Mykolaiv to Moscow (VKO airport).
(1894-1940) spent most of his youth in Mykolaiv. Menachem Mendel Schneerson
, the last rabbi of Chabad-Lubavitch
movement, was born in Mykolaiv. Nikita Rukavytsya
: Ukrainian-born, Australian footballer currently playing for Hertha BSC. Was born in Mykolaiv.
Russian language
Russian is a Slavic language used primarily in Russia, Belarus, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan. It is an unofficial but widely spoken language in Ukraine, Moldova, Latvia, Turkmenistan and Estonia and, to a lesser extent, the other countries that were once constituent republics...
), is a city
City
A city is a relatively large and permanent settlement. Although there is no agreement on how a city is distinguished from a town within general English language meanings, many cities have a particular administrative, legal, or historical status based on local law.For example, in the U.S...
in southern Ukraine
Ukraine
Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It has an area of 603,628 km², making it the second largest contiguous country on the European continent, after Russia...
, administrative center of the Mykolaiv Oblast
Mykolaiv Oblast
Mykolaiv Oblast is an oblast of Ukraine. The administrative center of the oblast is the city of Mykolayiv.-Geography:The Mykolaiv Oblast is located in the southern half of Ukraine...
. Mykolaiv is the main ship building center of the Black Sea
Black Sea
The Black Sea is bounded by Europe, Anatolia and the Caucasus and is ultimately connected to the Atlantic Ocean via the Mediterranean and the Aegean seas and various straits. The Bosphorus strait connects it to the Sea of Marmara, and the strait of the Dardanelles connects that sea to the Aegean...
, and, arguably, the whole Eastern Europe
Eastern Europe
Eastern Europe is the eastern part of Europe. The term has widely disparate geopolitical, geographical, cultural and socioeconomic readings, which makes it highly context-dependent and even volatile, and there are "almost as many definitions of Eastern Europe as there are scholars of the region"...
.
Name of city
There are several variations of the city's name. In UkrainianUkrainian language
Ukrainian is a language of the East Slavic subgroup of the Slavic languages. It is the official state language of Ukraine. Written Ukrainian uses a variant of the Cyrillic alphabet....
, the city is named Микола́їв, for which the transliteration
Transliteration
Transliteration is a subset of the science of hermeneutics. It is a form of translation, and is the practice of converting a text from one script into another...
is Mykolaiv, or, more rarely, Mykolayiv. The Russian
Russian language
Russian is a Slavic language used primarily in Russia, Belarus, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan. It is an unofficial but widely spoken language in Ukraine, Moldova, Latvia, Turkmenistan and Estonia and, to a lesser extent, the other countries that were once constituent republics...
name is Никола́ев, which transliterates as Nikolaev or Nikolayev.
In 1920 the Nikolaev government decided to rename the city Vernoleninsk, but the new name was not approved by the Government of the Soviet Union
Government of the Soviet Union
The Council of Ministers of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was the de jure government comprising the highest executive and administrative body of the Soviet Union from 1946 until 1991....
. Nevertheless, in German encyclopedic dictionaries in 1927 and 1932 on the map of European USSR, the city was named Vernoleninsk.
Geographical position
The city is located 65 kilometres (40.4 mi) from the Black SeaBlack Sea
The Black Sea is bounded by Europe, Anatolia and the Caucasus and is ultimately connected to the Atlantic Ocean via the Mediterranean and the Aegean seas and various straits. The Bosphorus strait connects it to the Sea of Marmara, and the strait of the Dardanelles connects that sea to the Aegean...
along the estuary
Estuary
An estuary is a partly enclosed coastal body of water with one or more rivers or streams flowing into it, and with a free connection to the open sea....
of the Southern Buh river (where it meets the Inhul
Inhul
Inhul is a left tributary of the Southern Bug river of Ukraine. It rises North of Kirovohrad, flowing South into the Southern Bug at Mykolayiv, at the place where the Southern Bug empties into the Black Sea. It is about 300 km long....
River)..
Administrative status
Mykolaiv is the administrative centerCapital City
Capital City was a television show produced by Euston Films which focused on the lives of investment bankers in London living and working on the corporate trading floor for the fictional international bank Shane-Longman....
of the Mykolaiv Oblast
Mykolaiv Oblast
Mykolaiv Oblast is an oblast of Ukraine. The administrative center of the oblast is the city of Mykolayiv.-Geography:The Mykolaiv Oblast is located in the southern half of Ukraine...
(province
Oblast
Oblast is a type of administrative division in Slavic countries, including some countries of the former Soviet Union. The word "oblast" is a loanword in English, but it is nevertheless often translated as "area", "zone", "province", or "region"...
), as well as that of both the Mykolaivskyi
Mykolaivskyi Raion
The Mykolaiv Raion is located in the Mykolaiv Oblast of Ukraine. Its administrative center is the city of Mykolaiv. The population of the district was 34,675 in 2001.-External links:...
and Zhovtnevyi raion
Raion
A raion is a type of administrative unit of several post-Soviet countries. The term, which is from French rayon 'honeycomb, department,' describes both a type of a subnational entity and a division of a city, and is commonly translated in English as "district"...
s (districts) within the oblast. However, Mykolaiv is also a city of oblast subordinance
Administrative divisions of Ukraine
Ukraine is subdivided into 24 oblasts , one autonomous republic, and two "cities with special status".- Overview :...
, and is thus subject directly to the oblast authorities rather to the raion administration housed in the city itself.
Administrative Districts
Mykolaiv is divided into four districts:- The Central District is located in the northwest of the city. It includes the historic center of Mykolaiv, Rocket tract, Temvod, Salt, Northern, Ternovka (in Ternovca also acts village council), Matveevka, Varvarovka.
- The Zavodskiy District is located in the west of the city. In this area, many industrial enterprises are concentrated. It also includes neighborhoods Lescaut and Alluviation, as well as towns of Velykaya Koreniha and Malaya Koreniha.
- The Leninskiy District is located in the east of Mykolaiv. Among other things, it includes the new Horticulture, YUTZ, New Watering, Old Watering. The district has a zoo, bus and railway stations.
- The Korabelniy District is located in the south of the city. It includes a broad beam, Zhovtnevoe (Ukrainian Жовтневе - "The October"), Balabanovka, Kulbakino.
Economy
Today Mykolaiv is a major shipbuilding center of Ukraine (as, earlier, of the whole Soviet UnionSoviet Union
The Soviet Union , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991....
) and an important riverport
Riverport
Riverport can refer to:*Riverport, Nova Scotia which is located around Ritcey's Cove and surrounded by the communities of Five Houses, Lower LaHave, East LaHave and Middle LaHave, Upper and Lower Rose Bay, Upper and Lower Kingsburg, Indian Path, Bayport, Feltzen South and The Ovens are collectively...
. The city has three major shipyards
Mykolaiv Shipyard
Mykolaiv Shipyard may refer to three shipyards in the Ukrainian city of Mykolaiv or Nikolayev. The North and South yards were also known as the Andre Marti yards in early Soviet times :...
one of which is capable of building large navy
Navy
A navy is the branch of a nation's armed forces principally designated for naval and amphibious warfare; namely, lake- or ocean-borne combat operations and related functions...
ships. Other important industries are mechanical engineering
Mechanical engineering
Mechanical engineering is a discipline of engineering that applies the principles of physics and materials science for analysis, design, manufacturing, and maintenance of mechanical systems. It is the branch of engineering that involves the production and usage of heat and mechanical power for the...
, power engineering
Power engineering
Power engineering, also called power systems engineering, is a subfield of engineering that deals with the generation, transmission and distribution of electric power as well as the electrical devices connected to such systems including generators, motors and transformers...
, metallurgy
Metallurgy
Metallurgy is a domain of materials science that studies the physical and chemical behavior of metallic elements, their intermetallic compounds, and their mixtures, which are called alloys. It is also the technology of metals: the way in which science is applied to their practical use...
and last 10 years - food industry.
History
The town was founded in 1789 by the Russian Governor GeneralGuberniya
A guberniya was a major administrative subdivision of the Russian Empire usually translated as government, governorate, or province. Such administrative division was preserved for sometime upon the collapse of the empire in 1917. A guberniya was ruled by a governor , a word borrowed from Latin ,...
of Novorossiya
Novorossiya
Novorossiya is a historic area of lands which established itself solidly after the annexation of the Crimean Khanate by the Russian Empire, but was introduced with the establishment of Novorossiysk Governorate with the capital in Kremenchuk in the mid 18th century. Until that time in both Polish...
, Prince Grigori Potemkin, initially as a shipyard called simply a New Shipyard on the Ingul river. Kniaz Potemkin signed an order to construct a shipyard on August 27, 1789, which is considered to be the city's birth date. The shipyard was to undertake the repair of naval ships in the Russo-Turkish War (1787–1792). Later Potemkin ordered the shipyard to be named Nikolaev to commemorate the date when Ochakov fell to the Russian troops under his command on December 6, 1788, close to the day of Saint Nicholas
Saint Nicholas
Saint Nicholas , also called Nikolaos of Myra, was a historic 4th-century saint and Greek Bishop of Myra . Because of the many miracles attributed to his intercession, he is also known as Nikolaos the Wonderworker...
(Nikolay) December 19, in the Russian Orthodox Church
Russian Orthodox Church
The Russian Orthodox Church or, alternatively, the Moscow Patriarchate The ROC is often said to be the largest of the Eastern Orthodox churches in the world; including all the autocephalous churches under its umbrella, its adherents number over 150 million worldwide—about half of the 300 million...
calendar.
The history of the city has always been closely connected to ship building. Captain Georgy Brusilov
Georgy Brusilov
Georgy Lvovich Brusilov or Hryhoriy Brusylov was a Ukrainian Russian naval officer of the Imperial Russian Navy and an Arctic explorer...
of the ill-fated Arctic ship St Anna
Svyataya Anna
The ship Svyataya Anna , named after Saint Anne, was the Philomel-class gunvessel HMS Newport launched in England in 1867. She was sold in 1881 and renamed Pandora II. She was purchased again in about 1890 and renamed Blencathra, taking part in expeditions to the north coast of Russia...
was born in Mykolaiv in 1884.
The Lubavicher Rebbe Rabbi Menachem Mendel Schneerson
Menachem Mendel Schneerson
Menachem Mendel Schneerson , known as the Lubavitcher Rebbe or just the Rebbe among his followers, was a prominent Hasidic rabbi who was the seventh and last Rebbe of the Chabad-Lubavitch movement. He was fifth in a direct paternal line to the third Chabad-Lubavitch Rebbe, Menachem Mendel...
was born in Mykolaiv in 1902. Mykolaiv was occupied by Romania
Romania
Romania is a country located at the crossroads of Central and Southeastern Europe, on the Lower Danube, within and outside the Carpathian arch, bordering on the Black Sea...
between 1941-1944.
Education
There are several universities in Mykolaiv. The main universities are: Admiral Makarov National University of ShipbuildingAdmiral Makarov National University of Shipbuilding
Admiral Makarov National University of Shipbuilding is a university located in Mykolaiv. The University is named after the Russian admiral Stepan Makarov, who was born in the city.- External links :* * *...
, Petro Mohyla Black Sea State University, Mykolaiv Pedagogical Institute and Mykolaiv State Agrarian University .
Transportation
Mykolaiv AirportMykolaiv Airport
International Airport Mykolaiv also known as Nikolaev Airport is an airport in Mykolaiv , Ukraine.It is one of the largest and technically equipped airport at the of South of Ukraine...
, one of the largest and technically well-equipped airports in the South of Ukraine, serves the city. The airport is mainly served by cargo and only limited passenger service is available through this airport. UTAir offers flights from Mykolaiv to Moscow (VKO airport).
Notable residents
The famous journalist, playwright, and short story writer Isaac BabelIsaac Babel
Isaak Emmanuilovich Babel was a Russian language journalist, playwright, literary translator, and short story writer. He is best known as the author of Red Cavalry, Story of My Dovecote, and Tales of Odessa, all of which are considered masterpieces of Russian literature...
(1894-1940) spent most of his youth in Mykolaiv. Menachem Mendel Schneerson
Menachem Mendel Schneerson
Menachem Mendel Schneerson , known as the Lubavitcher Rebbe or just the Rebbe among his followers, was a prominent Hasidic rabbi who was the seventh and last Rebbe of the Chabad-Lubavitch movement. He was fifth in a direct paternal line to the third Chabad-Lubavitch Rebbe, Menachem Mendel...
, the last rabbi of Chabad-Lubavitch
Chabad-Lubavitch
Chabad-Lubavitch is a Chasidic movement in Orthodox Judaism. One of the world's larger and best-known Chasidic movements, its official headquarters is in the Crown Heights section of Brooklyn, New York...
movement, was born in Mykolaiv. Nikita Rukavytsya
Nikita Rukavytsya
Nikita Vadimovich Rukavytsya is a Ukrainian-Australian professional football player currently playing for Hertha BSC in the German Bundesliga...
: Ukrainian-born, Australian footballer currently playing for Hertha BSC. Was born in Mykolaiv.
See also
- Black Sea ShipyardBlack Sea ShipyardThe Black Sea Shipyard is located in Mykolaiv, Ukraine and is the largest shipyard with near direct access to the Black Sea. It is most often referred to as the Nikolayev South Shipyard and was known as Soviet Shipyard No...
- 61 Kommunara Shipbuilding Plant
- Okean ShipyardOkean ShipyardThe Okean Shipyard located in Mykolaiv, Ukraine is the third major ship construction yard in the area. It operates modern production facilities supplied by world known companies and it has a medium and heavy tonnage production line...
(Oktyabrskoye)