Mycobacterium vanbaalenii
Encyclopedia
Mycobacterium vanbaalenii is a rapidly growing mycobacterium
that can use polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. It was first isolated from petroleum-contaminated estuarine sediments and has been shown by 16S rRNA gene sequencing to be closely related to Mycobacterium aurum
and Mycobacterium vaccae
. M. vanbaalenii has potential use in the bioremediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon
contaminated environmental sites. Etymology
: vanbaalenii of Van Baalen, in memory of Dr Chase Van Baalen, late Professor at The University of Texas Marine Science Institute, Port Aransas Marine Laboratory, Port Aransas, TX, USA.
Colony characteristics
Physiology
Mycobacterium
Mycobacterium is a genus of Actinobacteria, given its own family, the Mycobacteriaceae. The genus includes pathogens known to cause serious diseases in mammals, including tuberculosis and leprosy...
that can use polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. It was first isolated from petroleum-contaminated estuarine sediments and has been shown by 16S rRNA gene sequencing to be closely related to Mycobacterium aurum
Mycobacterium aurum
Mycobacterium aurum is a species of acid fast, gram positive bacteria that forms long chains. Though related to Mycobacterium tuberculosis, it does not cause tuberculosis.-Genotype:*ATCC 23366*CCUG 37666*CIP 104465*DSM 43999*HAMBI 2275...
and Mycobacterium vaccae
Mycobacterium vaccae
Mycobacterium vaccae is a nonpathogenic species of the Mycobacteriaceae family of bacteria that lives naturally in soil. Its name originates from the Latin word, vacca , since it was first cultured from cow dung in Austria...
. M. vanbaalenii has potential use in the bioremediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons , also known as poly-aromatic hydrocarbons or polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, are potent atmospheric pollutants that consist of fused aromatic rings and do not contain heteroatoms or carry substituents. Naphthalene is the simplest example of a PAH...
contaminated environmental sites. Etymology
Etymology
Etymology is the study of the history of words, their origins, and how their form and meaning have changed over time.For languages with a long written history, etymologists make use of texts in these languages and texts about the languages to gather knowledge about how words were used during...
: vanbaalenii of Van Baalen, in memory of Dr Chase Van Baalen, late Professor at The University of Texas Marine Science Institute, Port Aransas Marine Laboratory, Port Aransas, TX, USA.
Description
Microscopy- Gram-positive, acid-fast rods (1.4 um long and 0.7 um wide)
Colony characteristics
- Colonies are smooth and saffron yellow.
Physiology
- Can grow well at 24 and 37 °C, with minimal or no growth at 42 °C.
- Classified as a rapidly growing MycobacteriumMycobacteriumMycobacterium is a genus of Actinobacteria, given its own family, the Mycobacteriaceae. The genus includes pathogens known to cause serious diseases in mammals, including tuberculosis and leprosy...
species - Cells are aerobic, Catalase- and urease-positive, reduce nitrate to nitrite.
- metabolizes salicylic acidSalicylic acidSalicylic acid is a monohydroxybenzoic acid, a type of phenolic acid and a beta hydroxy acid. This colorless crystalline organic acid is widely used in organic synthesis and functions as a plant hormone. It is derived from the metabolism of salicin...
, hydrolyses Tween 80, reduces tellurite and uses pyrenePyrenePyrene is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon consisting of four fused benzene rings, resulting in a flat aromatic system. The chemical formula is . This colourless solid is the smallest peri-fused PAH...
, anthraceneAnthraceneAnthracene is a solid polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon consisting of three fused benzene rings. It is a component of coal-tar. Anthracene is used in the production of the red dye alizarin and other dyes...
, fluorantheneFluorantheneFluoranthene is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon consisting of a naphthalene and a benzene unit connected by a five-membered ring. It is a member of the class of PAHs known as non-alternant PAHs because it has rings other than those with six carbon atoms. It is a structural isomer of the...
, naphthaleneNaphthaleneNaphthalene is an organic compound with formula . It is a white crystalline solid with a characteristic odor that is detectable at concentrations as low as 0.08 ppm by mass. As an aromatic hydrocarbon, naphthalene's structure consists of a fused pair of benzene rings...
, phenanthrenePhenanthrenePhenanthrene is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon composed of three fused benzene rings. The name phenanthrene is a composite of phenyl and anthracene. In its pure form, it is found in cigarette smoke and is a known irritant, photosensitizing skin to light...
, 1-nitropyrene1-Nitropyrene1-Nitropyrene is a by-product of combustion and is the predominant nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon emitted in a diesel engine. 1-Nitropyrene is listed as an IARC Group 2B carcinogen, indicating it is possibly carcinogenic to humans....
, 6-nitrochrysene, 3-methylcholanthene and benzopyreneBenzopyreneBenzo[a]pyrene, C20H12, is a five-ring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon whose metabolites are mutagenic and highly carcinogenic. Benzo[a]pyrene is listed as a Group 1 carcinogen by the IARC. It belongs to a class of polycyclic aromatic compounds known as benzopyrenes, which consist of a benzene...
.