Mycobacterium cosmeticum
Encyclopedia
Mycobacterium cosmeticum is a rapidly growing mycobacterium
Mycobacterium
Mycobacterium is a genus of Actinobacteria, given its own family, the Mycobacteriaceae. The genus includes pathogens known to cause serious diseases in mammals, including tuberculosis and leprosy...

 that was first isolated from cosmetic patients and sites performing cosmetic procedures.

Dr. Robert Cooksey and Dr. Jacobus H. de Waard, along with their research teams in the Centre for Disease Control and Preventions’s Mycobacterial lab in the USA and Instituto de Biomedicina in Caracas, Venezuela discovered the M. cosmeticum bacterium, which can thrive in salons, healthcare and clinic settings. This species is the newest identifiable mycobacterial organism to thrive in these settings, joining other rapid growing species, Mycobacterium fortuitum
Mycobacterium fortuitum
Mycobacterium fortuitum is a nontuberculous mycobacterium.-Background:Mycobacterium fortuitum is a fast-growing species that can cause infections. The term "fast growing" is a reference to a growth rate of 3 or 4 days, when compared to other Mycobacteria that may take weeks to grow out on...

, Mycobacterium chelonae
Mycobacterium chelonae
Mycobacterium chelonae is a rapidly growing mycobacterium, that is found all throughout the environment including sewage and tap water. It can occasionally cause opportunistic infections of humans.It is grouped in Runyon group IV....

, and Mycobacterium abscessus
Mycobacterium abscessus
Mycobacterium abscessus is a rapidly growing mycobacterium that is a common water contaminant. It was until recently thought to be a subspecies of Mycobacterium chelonae. M...

, that have been found in previous outbreaks. These organisms are very persistent in the environment and can survive unusually harsh environmental conditions. The antibiotic therapy can go on for many months or even years. It very often requires an incision to remove the abscess.

Etymology
Etymology
Etymology is the study of the history of words, their origins, and how their form and meaning have changed over time.For languages with a long written history, etymologists make use of texts in these languages and texts about the languages to gather knowledge about how words were used during...

: cosmeticum, referring to cosmetics
Cosmetics
Cosmetics are substances used to enhance the appearance or odor of the human body. Cosmetics include skin-care creams, lotions, powders, perfumes, lipsticks, fingernail and toe nail polish, eye and facial makeup, towelettes, permanent waves, colored contact lenses, hair colors, hair sprays and...

.

It is closely related to Mycobacterium frederiksbergense
Mycobacterium frederiksbergense
Mycobacterium frederiksbergenseEtymology: frederiksbergense, of Frederiksberg, Denmark, referring to the place of isolation.-Type strain:First isolated in Frederiksberg, Denmark.Strain FAn9 = CIP 107205 = DSM 44346 = NRRL B-24126.-References:...

, Mycobacterium hodleri
Mycobacterium hodleri
Mycobacterium hodleri-Description:Gram-positive, nonmotile and acid-fast rods .Colony characteristics...

, Mycobacterium diernhoferi
Mycobacterium diernhoferi
Mycobacterium diernhoferi-Description:Gram-positive, nonmotile and acid-fast rods .Colony characteristics*White smooth and non-photochromogenic colonies.Physiology...

, and Mycobacterium neoaurum
Mycobacterium neoaurum
Mycobacterium neoaurum is a species of Mycobacterium....

.

Description

Microscopy
  • Cells are acid-fast rods that rarely form cell aggregates in liquid culture. Motility-related structures, spores and cell branching are not present.


Colony characteristics
  • Colonies on Middlebrook 7H10 or LJ agar have smooth surfaces and edges, are domed and are scotochromogenic. Colonies from a dilute inoculum on LJ agar are visible after 3 days incubation in an aerobic atmosphere at 28 or 35C, but no growth is observed at 45C.


Physiology
  • Growth occurs on MacConkey agar without crystal violet but not on LJ agar containing 5% (w/v) NaCl.
  • Tests for niacin production and 3-day arylsulfatase activity are negative, but tests for 14-day arylsulfatase activity, nitrate reduction and iron uptake are positive.
  • The type strain isolates were susceptible in vitro to ciprofloxacin, amikacin, tobramycin, cefoxitin, clarithromycin, doxycycline, sulfamethoxazole and imipenem.


Differential characteristics
  • Partial sequences of the rpoB (321 bp), 16S rRNA (1506 bp) and hsp65 (441 bp) genes are different from those of all currently recognized Mycobacterium species.
  • Characteristics that distinguish this species from other Rapidly growing mycobacterium species include the inability to grow at 45C

or on media containing 5% (w/v) NaCl, the utilization of trehalose or citrate, but not sorbitol, as a sole carbon source.

Pathogenesis

  • Possibly pathogenic, first isolated from a culture of a granulomatous subdermal lesion of a female patient in Venezuela who was undergoing mesotherapy
    Mesotherapy
    Mesotherapy is a non-surgical cosmetic medicine treatment. Mesotherapy employs multiple injections of pharmaceutical and homeopathic medications, plant extracts, vitamins, and other ingredients into the subcutaneous fat...

     with an unknown substance(s) for a cosmetic purpose (weight loss).

Type strain

  • First isolated from a granulomatous lesion of a female patient in Venezuela
    Venezuela
    Venezuela , officially called the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela , is a tropical country on the northern coast of South America. It borders Colombia to the west, Guyana to the east, and Brazil to the south...

     who was undergoing mesotherapy
    Mesotherapy
    Mesotherapy is a non-surgical cosmetic medicine treatment. Mesotherapy employs multiple injections of pharmaceutical and homeopathic medications, plant extracts, vitamins, and other ingredients into the subcutaneous fat...

    .
  • Strain LTA-388 = ATCC BAA-878 = CIP 108170.
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