Muricinae
Encyclopedia
Muricinae is a taxonomic subfamily of predatory sea snail
Sea snail
Sea snail is a common name for those snails that normally live in saltwater, marine gastropod molluscs....

s, marine
Marine (ocean)
Marine is an umbrella term. As an adjective it is usually applicable to things relating to the sea or ocean, such as marine biology, marine ecology and marine geology...

 gastropod mollusks within the large family
Family (biology)
In biological classification, family is* a taxonomic rank. Other well-known ranks are life, domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, genus, and species, with family fitting between order and genus. As for the other well-known ranks, there is the option of an immediately lower rank, indicated by the...

 Muricidae
Muricidae
Muricidae, common name murex snails or rock snails, is a large and varied taxonomic family of small to large predatory sea snails. With approximately 1,600 living species the Muricidae represent almost 10% of the Neogastropoda. Additionally, 1,200 fossil species have been recognised...

, the murex snails and rock snails.

The Muricinae represent approximately 780 valid names of fossil (378) and recent (400) species (Merle et al. 2011). This subfamily contains the true Murex
Murex
Murex is a genus of medium to large sized predatory tropical sea snails. These are carnivorous marine gastropod molluscs in the family Muricidae, commonly calle "murexes" or "rock snails"...

, and many other closely related genera
Genus
In biology, a genus is a low-level taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms, which is an example of definition by genus and differentia...

.

Systematics

The subdivision of the Muricidae
Muricidae
Muricidae, common name murex snails or rock snails, is a large and varied taxonomic family of small to large predatory sea snails. With approximately 1,600 living species the Muricidae represent almost 10% of the Neogastropoda. Additionally, 1,200 fossil species have been recognised...

 into ten subfamilies is mainly based on the work of Bouchet & Rocroi (2005), who combined morphological and molecular data in order to define the Muricinae. However, based on latest knowledge this subfamily might represent a polyphyletic
Polyphyly
A polyphyletic group is one whose members' last common ancestor is not a member of the group.For example, the group consisting of warm-blooded animals is polyphyletic, because it contains both mammals and birds, but the most recent common ancestor of mammals and birds was cold-blooded...

 group. Traditional the Muricinae are subdivided into five informal groups, which contain 47 genera and subgenera (Merle et al. 2011):
1. Muricinae (s.s.) group
  • Murex
    Murex
    Murex is a genus of medium to large sized predatory tropical sea snails. These are carnivorous marine gastropod molluscs in the family Muricidae, commonly calle "murexes" or "rock snails"...

    (s.s) Linnaeus, 1758
  • M. (Promurex) Ponder & Vokes, 1988
  • Haustellum
    Haustellum
    Haustellum is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Muricidae, the murex snails or rock snails.Ponder & Vokes and Vokes included American and Indo-Pacific species in Haustellum, which differ from Murex by lacking labral spine...

    Schumacher, 1817
  • Vokesimurex
    Vokesimurex
    Vokesimurex is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Muricidae, the murex snails or rock snails.-Species:Species within the genus Vokesimurex include:* Vokesimurex anniae...

    Petuch, 1994
  • Siratus
    Siratus
    Siratus is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Muricidae, the murex snails or rock snails.-Species:Species within the genus Siratus include:* Siratus aguayoi...

    Jousseaume, 1880
  • Bolinus
    Bolinus
    Bolinus is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Muricidae, the murex snails or rock snails.-Species:Species within the genus Bolinus include:* Bolinus brandaris...

    Pusch, 1837
  • Hexaplex
    Hexaplex
    Hexaplex is a genus of medium-sized to large sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Muricidae, the murex shells or rock snails. -Species:Species within the genus Hexaplex include : * Hexaplex angularis...

    (s.s.) Perry, 1811
  • H. (Muricanthus
    Muricanthus
    Muricanthus is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Muricidae, the murex snails or rock snails.-Species:Species within the genus Muricanthus include:* Muricanthus ambiguus...

    )
    Swainson, 1840
  • H. (Trunculariopsis) Cossmann, 1921
  • Chicoreus
    Chicoreus
    Chicoreus is a genus of medium to large sized predatory sea snails. These are carnivorous marine gastropod molluscs in the family Muricidae, the murexes or rock snails.-Species:...

    (s.s.) Montfort, 1810
  • C. (Chicopinnatus) Houart, 1992
  • C. (Rhizophorimurex) Oyama, 1950
  • C. (Triplex
    Triplex
    Triplex may refer to:* Triplex , a dwelling composed of three units* Triplex , a French comedy film* Triplex , a family of typefaces designed by Zuzana Licko for Emigre in 1989...

    )
    Perry, 1810
  • Chicomurex
    Chicomurex
    Chicomurex is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Muricidae, the murex snails or rock snails.-Species:Species within the genus Chicomurex include:* Chicomurex elliscrossi...

    Arakawa, 1964
  • Phyllonotus
    Phyllonotus
    Chicoreus is a genus of medium to large sized predatory sea snails. These are carnivorous marine gastropod molluscs in the family Muricidae, the murexes or rock snails....

    Swainson, 1833
  • Naquetia
    Naquetia
    Naquetia is a genus of medium-sized sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Muricidae, the rock snails or murex snails. -Species:Species within the genus Naquetia include:* Naquetia barclayi * Naquetia cumingii Naquetia is a genus of medium-sized sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in...

    Jousseaume, 1880

2. Pterynotus-Textilomurex group
  • Pterynotus
    Pterynotus
    Pterynotus is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Muricidae, the murex snails or rock snails.-Species:Species within the genus Pterynotus include:* Pterynotus alatus...

    (s.s) Swainson, 1833
  • P. (Pterymarchia
    Pterymarchia
    Pterymarchia is a genus of large predatory sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Muricidae, the rock snails or murex snails. -Species:Species within the genus Pterymarchia include:...

    )
    Houart, 1995
  • Textiliomurex Merle, 2011

3. Basal muricids group
  • Timbellus
    Timbellus
    Timbellus is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Muricidae, the murex snails or rock snails.-Species:Species within the genus Timbellus include:* Timbellus atlantideus...

    de Gregorio, 1885
  • Pterochelus
    Pterochelus
    Pterochelus is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Muricidae, the murex snails or rock snails.-Species:Species within the genus Pterochelus include:* Pterochelus acanthopterus...

    Jousseaume, 1880
  • Purpurellus
    Purpurellus
    Purpurellus is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Muricidae, the murex snails or rock snails.-Species:Species within the genus Purpurellus include:* Purpurellus gambiensis...

    Jousseaume, 1880
  • Ponderia
    Ponderia
    Ponderia is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Muricidae, the murex snails or rock snails.-Species:Species within the genus Ponderia include:* Ponderia abies Houart, 1986* Ponderia caledonica Houart, 1988...

    Houart, 1986
  • Prototyphis
    Prototyphis
    Prototyphis is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Muricidae, the murex snails or rock snails.-Species:Species within the genus Prototyphis include:* Prototyphis angasi...

    Ponder, 1972
  • Poirieria
    Poirieria
    Poirieria is a genus of large predatory sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the family Muricidae, the rock snails. - Species :Species within the genus Poirieria include:* Poirieria actinophora...

    (s.s) Jousseaume, 1880
  • P. (Actinotrophon) Dall, 1902
  • P. (Caelobassus) Stilwell & Zinsmeister, 1992
  • P. (Pagodula
    Pagodula
    Pagodula is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Muricidae, the murex snails or rock snails.-Species:Species within the genus Pagodula include:* Pagodula abyssorum...

    )
    Monterosato, 1884
  • Paziella
    Paziella
    Paziella is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Muricidae, the murex snails or rock snails.-Description:The biconic, medium-sized shell has its varices dissected into spines. The aperture is ovoid and smooth inside. The anal sinus is almost closed...

    (s.s) Jousseaume, 1880
  • P. (Bouchetia
    Bouchetia
    Bouchetia is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Muricidae, the murex snails or rock snails.This genus was named after the malacologist Philippe Bouchet...

    )
    Houart & Héros, 2008
  • P. (Flexopteron) Shuto, 1969
  • Crassimurex (s.s) Merle, 1990
  • C. (Eopaziella) Gürs, 2001
  • Harmatia Noszky, 1940
  • Gamurex Merle, 2011
  • Falsimuricopsis Merle, 2011

4. Calotrophon-Attiliosa group
  • Calotrophon
    Calotrophon
    Calotrophon is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Muricidae, the murex snails or rock snails.-Species:Species within the genus Calotrophon include:* Calotrophon andrewsi Vokes, 1976...

    (s.s) Hertlein & Strong, 1951
  • C. (Acantholabia) Olsson & Harbison, 1953
  • C. (Panamurex) Woodring, 1959
  • Attiliosa
    Attiliosa
    Attiliosa is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Muricidae, the murex snails or rock snails.-Species:Species within the genus Attiliosa include:* Attiliosa aldridgei...

    Emerson, 1968

5. Aspelloid group
  • Aspella
    Aspella
    Aspella is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Muricidae, the murex snails or rock snails.-Species:Species within the genus Aspella include:* Aspella acuticostata * Aspella anceps...

    Mörch, 1877
  • Dermomurex
    Dermomurex
    Dermomurex is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Muricidae, the murex snails or rock snails.-Species:Species within the genus Dermomurex include:* Dermomurex abyssicolus...

    (s.s.) Monterosato, 1890
  • D. (Gracilimurex) Thiele, 1929
  • D. (Takia
    Takia
    Takia may refer to:*Ayesha Takia, Indian actress*Takia language*Takia people of Madang Province, Papua New Guinea*Bazmaghbiar, Armenia - formerly Takia...

    )
    Kuroda, 1953
  • D. (Trialatella) Berry, 1964
  • D. (Viator
    Viator
    -External links: - Sistema de Información Multiterritorial de Andalucía - Diputación Provincial de Almería...

    )
    Vokes, 1974
  • Ingensia
    Ingensia
    Ingensia is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Muricidae, the murex snails or rock snails.-Species:Species within the genus Ingensia include:* Ingensia anomalus * Ingensia axirugosus...

    Houart, 2001

The subfamilial place of the four last groups should be regarded as provisional.
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