Municipal corporation

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Municipal corporation

A municipal corporation is the legal term for a local governing body

Local government

Local governments are administrative offices that are smaller than a state. The term is used to contrast with offices at nation-state level, which are referred to as the central government, national government, or federal government....
, including (but not necessarily limited to) cities

City

A city is an urban area with a high population density and a particular administrative, legal, or historical status.Large industrialized cities generally have advanced systems for sanitation, utilities, land usage, house, and transportation and more....
, counties

County

A county is a land area of Local government government within a larger state. A county may have city and towns within its area....
, town

Town

A town is a type of human settlement ranging from a few to several thousand inhabitants, although it may be applied loosely even to huge metropolitan areas; the precise meaning varies between countries and is not always a matter of legal definition....
s, township

Township

A township is a settlement which has the status and powers of a unit of local government. Specific use of the term to describe political subdivisions has varied by country....
s, charter township

Charter township

A charter township is a form of local government in the U.S. state of Michigan. In Michigan, as in other states with like systems , a civil township is an administrative division of a county, which is an administrative division of the state....
s, village

Village

A village is a clustered human settlement or Residential community, larger than a hamlet , but smaller than a town or city. Though generally located in rural areas, the term urban village may be applied to certain urban area neighbourhoods, such as the West Village in Manhattan, New York City and the Saifi Village in Beirut, Lebanon....
s, and borough

Borough

A borough is an administrative division of various countries. In principle, the term borough designates a self-governing township although, in practice, official use of the term varies widely....
s. Municipal incorporation occurs when such municipalities

Municipality

A municipality is an administrative entity composed of a clearly defined territory and its population and commonly denotes a city, town, or village, or a small grouping of them....
become self-governing entities under the laws of the state or province in which they are located. Often, this event is marked by the award or declaration of a municipal charter

Municipal charter

A city charter or town charter is a legal document establishing a municipality such as a city or town. The concept developed in Europe during the middle ages....
.

With the notable exception of the City of London Corporation, the term has fallen out of favour in the United Kingdom

United Kingdom

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom , the UK or Britain,is a sovereign state located off the northwestern coast of continental Europe....
, but the concept remains central to local government in the United Kingdom

Local government in the United Kingdom

The pattern of local government in England is complex, with the distribution of functions varying according to the local arrangements. Legislation concerning local government in England is decided by the Parliament of the United Kingdom and Government of the United Kingdom, because England does not have a devolved English parliament....
.

a class="link1" onMouseover='showByLink("m5491671",this)' onMouseout='hide("m5491671")'href="http://www.absoluteastronomy.com/topics/India">India

India

India, officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and outlying territories by total area country by geographical area, the List of countries by population country, and the most populous liberal democracy in the world....
a Municipal Corporation is a local government body that administers a city of population 200,000 or more.

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Municipal Corporation in India

In India

India

Panchayati Raj

The Panchayat is a South Asian political system mainly in India, Pakistan and Nepal. ?Panchayat? literally means assembly of five wise and respected elders chosen and accepted by the village community....
system, it interacts directly with the state government, though it is administratively part of the district it is located in. The largest Municipal Corporations in India currently are Mumbai

Mumbai

Mumbai— formerly Bombay, is the capital of the Indian state of Maharashtra. The city proper has approximately 14 million people and, along with the neighbouring suburbs of Navi Mumbai and Thane, Mumbai forms the World's largest urban agglomerations according to the United Nations World Urbanization Prospects report with around 19...
, followed by Delhi

Delhi

Delhi , sometimes referred to as Dilli , is the List of most populous cities in India metropolis in India and, with over 11 million residents, the List of metropolitan areas by population....
,Hyderabad, Kolkata

Kolkata

, Indian renaming controversy , is the Capital of the Indian States and territories of India of West Bengal. It is located in East India on the east bank of the River Hooghly....
and Chennai

Chennai

Chennai , formerly Indian renaming controversy , is the fourth largest metropolitan area of India and the capital city of the Indian states and territories of India of Tamil Nadu....
.

The Municipal Corporation consists of members elected from the wards of the city. The Mayor and Deputy Mayor are elected by the members among themselves. A Municipal Commissioner

Municipal Commissioner

Municipal Commissioner is an office and political title in the Municipalities of Sweden for councillors with executive responsibilities. The Commissioners are the only full-time employed office-holders outside the municipal civil service....
, who is from the Indian Administrative Service

Indian Administrative Service

The Indian Administrative Service is the Public administration civil service of the Government of India. One of the three All India Services , the IAS plays a major role in managing the bureaucracy of both the Union Government and the States and territories of India governments, with its officers holding strategic posts across the countr...
is appointed to head the administrative staff of the Municipal Corporation, implement the decisions of the Corporation and prepare its annual budget.

The Municipal Corporation is responsible for water supply, records of births and deaths (delegated from Central Govt Birth and Death Registration Act), drainage, sewage removal, fire brigade service, gardens and maintenance of buildings. The sources of income of the Corporation are taxes on water, house-tax, entertainment tax and octroi

Octroi

Octroi is a local tax collected on various articles brought into a district for consumption....
(now abolished from many cities).