Morphine total synthesis
Encyclopedia
Morphine total synthesis in chemistry
describes the total synthesis
of the alkaloid morphine
. The first synthesis by Marshall D. Gates, Jr.
in 1952 is considered a classic in the field.
Several other syntheses were reported, notably by the research groups of Rice, Evans, Fuchs, Parker, Overman, Mulzer-Trauner, White, Taber, Trost, Fukuyama, Guillou and Stork.
in the context of total synthesis.
Chemistry
Chemistry is the science of matter, especially its chemical reactions, but also its composition, structure and properties. Chemistry is concerned with atoms and their interactions with other atoms, and particularly with the properties of chemical bonds....
describes the total synthesis
Total synthesis
In organic chemistry, a total synthesis is, in principle, the complete chemical synthesis of complex organic molecules from simpler pieces, usually without the aid of biological processes. In practice, these simpler pieces are commercially available in bulk and semi-bulk quantities, and are often...
of the alkaloid morphine
Morphine
Morphine is a potent opiate analgesic medication and is considered to be the prototypical opioid. It was first isolated in 1804 by Friedrich Sertürner, first distributed by same in 1817, and first commercially sold by Merck in 1827, which at the time was a single small chemists' shop. It was more...
. The first synthesis by Marshall D. Gates, Jr.
Marshall D. Gates, Jr.
Marshall D. Gates, Jr. was an American chemist, holding the position of C.F. Houghton Professor of Chemistry at the University of Rochester. He was an organic chemist whose research was in the field of natural product synthesis. He is noted for publishing the first total synthesis of morphine in...
in 1952 is considered a classic in the field.
Several other syntheses were reported, notably by the research groups of Rice, Evans, Fuchs, Parker, Overman, Mulzer-Trauner, White, Taber, Trost, Fukuyama, Guillou and Stork.
Gates Synthesis
Gates' total synthesis of morphine is one of the first example of the Diels-Alder reactionDiels-Alder reaction
The Diels–Alder reaction is an organic chemical reaction between a conjugated diene and a substituted alkene, commonly termed the dienophile, to form a substituted cyclohexene system. The reaction can proceed even if some of the atoms in the newly formed ring are not carbon...
in the context of total synthesis.