Morphinan
Encyclopedia
Morphinan is the base chemical structure
of a large chemical class of psychoactive drug
s, consisting of opioid
analgesic
s, cough suppressants, and dissociative
hallucinogens, among others.
More distant of derivatives include:
As well as the following:
Chemical structure
A chemical structure includes molecular geometry, electronic structure and crystal structure of molecules. Molecular geometry refers to the spatial arrangement of atoms in a molecule and the chemical bonds that hold the atoms together. Molecular geometry can range from the very simple, such as...
of a large chemical class of psychoactive drug
Psychoactive drug
A psychoactive drug, psychopharmaceutical, or psychotropic is a chemical substance that crosses the blood–brain barrier and acts primarily upon the central nervous system where it affects brain function, resulting in changes in perception, mood, consciousness, cognition, and behavior...
s, consisting of opioid
Opioid
An opioid is a psychoactive chemical that works by binding to opioid receptors, which are found principally in the central and peripheral nervous system and the gastrointestinal tract...
analgesic
Analgesic
An analgesic is any member of the group of drugs used to relieve pain . The word analgesic derives from Greek an- and algos ....
s, cough suppressants, and dissociative
Dissociative drug
Dissociatives are a class of psychoactive drugs which are said to reduce or block signals to the conscious mind from other parts of the brain...
hallucinogens, among others.
Chemical Derivatives
Immediate derivatives of morphinan include:- DextrallorphanDextrallorphanDextrallorphan is a drug of the morphinan class known in scientific research. It acts as a σ1 receptor agonist, κ-opioid receptor agonist, and NMDA receptor antagonist. It has no significant affinity for the σ2, μ-opioid, or δ-opioid receptor, or for the serotonin or norepinephrine transporter...
- DextromethorphanDextromethorphanDextromethorphan is an antitussive drug. It is one of the active ingredients in many over-the-counter cold and cough medicines, such as Robitussin, NyQuil, Dimetapp, Vicks, Coricidin, Delsym, and others, including generic labels. Dextromethorphan has also found other uses in medicine, ranging...
- Dextrorphanol
- DimemorfanDimemorfanDimemorfan is an antitussive or cough suppressant which acts as a sigma receptor agonist. It is an analogue of dextromethorphan and dextrorphan, but lacks significant NMDA receptor antagonistic action and dissociative effects, thereby having reduced abuse potential and adverse effects in comparison....
- LevallorphanLevallorphanLevallorphan is a drug of the morphinan family which is used as an opioid antidote or antagonist. It acts as an antagonist on μ-opioid receptor and agonist on kappa receptors [hence called [partial agonist]], Levallorphan (Lorfan, Naloxiphan) is a drug of the morphinan family which is used as an...
- Levofurethylnormorphanol
- LevomethorphanLevomethorphanLevomethorphan is the l-stereoisomer of methorphan. The effects of the two isomers are quite different. Dextromethorphan is an antitussive at low doses and a dissociative at much higher doses, whereas levomethorphan is an opioid analgesic...
- LevophenacylmorphanLevophenacylmorphanLevophenacylmorphan is a morphinan derivative that acts as an opioid agonist. It has potent analgesic effects and is around 10x more potent than morphine. Adverse effects associated with its use are those of the opioids as a whole, including pruritus, nausea, respiratory depression, euphoria and...
- LevorphanolLevorphanolLevorphanol is an opioid medication used to treat severe pain. It is the levorotatory stereoisomer of the synthetic morphinan and a pure opioid agonist, first described in Germany in 1948 as an orally active morphine-like analgesic...
- MethorphanMethorphanMethorphan comes in two isomeric forms, each with differing pharmacology and effects:* Dextromethorphan - An over-the-counter cough suppressant, as well as dissociative hallucinogen....
- MorphanolMorphanolRacemorphan is the racemic mixture of the two stereoisomers of 17-methylmorphinan-3-ol, each with differing pharmacology and effects:* Dextrorphan - A dissociative hallucinogen and cough suppressant....
- OxilorphanOxilorphanOxilorphan is an opioid antagonist from the morphinan family of drugs.Oxilorphan is a non-selective opioid which is a μ antagonist but a κ partial agonist. It has similar effects to naloxone, and around the same potency as an antagonist....
- PhenomorphanPhenomorphanPhenomorphan is an opioid analgesic. It is not currently used in medicine, but has similar side effects to other opiates, which include itching, nausea and respiratory depression....
- XorphanolXorphanolXorphanol is an opioid analgesic from the morphinan family of drugs. It is a mixed agonist-antagonist at the μ-opioid receptor and produces potent analgesic effects with little potential for dependence or abuse....
More distant of derivatives include:
- ButorphanolButorphanolButorphanol is a morphinan-type synthetic opioid analgesic developed by Bristol-Myers. Brand name Stadol was recently discontinued by the manufacturer. It is now only available in its generic formulations, manufactured by Novex, Mylan, Apotex and Ben Venue Laboratories. Butorphanol is most...
- CyprodimeCyprodimeCyprodime is an opioid antagonist from the morphinan family of drugs.Cyprodime is a selective opioid antagonist which blocks the μ-opioid receptor, but without affecting the δ-opioid or κ-opioid receptors...
- DrotebanolDrotebanolDrotebanol is a morphinan derivative that acts as an opioid agonist. It was invented by Sankyo Company in Japan during the 1970s. It is synthesised from thebaine....
- NalbuphineNalbuphineNalbuphine is a semi-synthetic opioid used commercially as an analgesic under a variety of trade names, including Nubain. It is noteworthy in part for the fact that at low dosages, it is found much more effective by women than by men, and may even increase pain in men, leading to its...
- SinomenineSinomenineSinomenine or Cocculine is an alkaloid found in the root of the climbing plant Sinomenium acutum which is native to Japan and China. It is traditionally used in herbal medicine in these countries, as a treatment for rheumatism and arthritis. However its analgesic action against other kinds of pain...
As well as the following:
- MorphineMorphineMorphine is a potent opiate analgesic medication and is considered to be the prototypical opioid. It was first isolated in 1804 by Friedrich Sertürner, first distributed by same in 1817, and first commercially sold by Merck in 1827, which at the time was a single small chemists' shop. It was more...
(and analogues)
Chemical Relatives
The following are related to morphinan:- HasubananHasubananHasubanan is an alkaloid with the chemical formula of C16H21N. It forms the central core of a class of alkaloids known collectively as hasubanans. Structurally, it is similar to morphinan, the central core of the opium alkaloids.-External links:*...
- HasubanonineHasubanonineHasubanonine is a member of the hasubanan family of alkaloids. The alkaloid with an isoquinoline substructure has the molecular formula of C21H27NO5. The enantiomer of the natural product is being studied as a potential painkiller....