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Modern art is a general term that can be used to embrace most of the artistic work produced from the early 17th century onward, while some historians favor a later starting date, sometime in the middle of the nineteenth century. (Recent art production is often called Contemporary artContemporary art

The term contemporary art generally refers to today's art....
 or Postmodern artPostmodern art

Postmodern art is a term used to describe art which is thought to be after or in contradiction to some aspect of modernism....
). Modern artists experimented with new ways of seeing, and with fresh ideas about the nature of materials and functions of art. A tendency toward abstractionAbstraction

Abstraction is the process of reducing the information content of a concept, typically in order to retain only information w...
 is characteristic of much modern art.

The notion of modern art is closely related to ModernismFacts About Modernism

Modernism is a trend of thought which affirms the power of human beings to make, improve and reshape their environment, with...
.

History of Modern art


Roots in the 19th century


By the late 19th century, several movements which were to be influential in modern art had begun to emerge: ImpressionismImpressionism

----Impressionism was a 19th century art movement that began as a loose association of Paris-based artists who began public...
 and post-ImpressionismPost-Impressionism

Post-Impressionism is a term coined by the British artist and art critic Roger Fry in 1910, to describe the development of E...
, as well as SymbolismSymbolism (arts)

Symbolism was a late nineteenth century art movement of French and Belgian origin in poetry and other arts....
.

Influences upon these movements were varied: from exposure to Eastern decorative arts, particularly Japanese printmakingJaponism

Japonism is the term defining the relationship between the arts of Japan and Western civilisation....
, to the colouristic innovations of TurnerJ. M. W. Turner

Joseph Mallord William Turner, died December 19 1851) was an English Romantic landscape artist, whose style can be said to...
 and Delacroix, to a search for more realismRealism (arts)

Realism also refers to a mid-19th century cultural movement with its roots in France....
 in the depiction of common life, as found in the work of painters such as Jean-François MilletJean-François Millet

Jean-Franois Millet was a painter and one of the founders of the Barbizon school in rural France....
. The advocates of realism stood against the idealismIdealism

Idealism is an approach to philosophical enquiry which asserts that everything is of a mental nature....
 of the tradition-bound academic artAcademic art

Academic art is a style of painting and sculpture produced under the influence of European academies or universities....
 that enjoyed public and official favor. The most successful painters of the day worked either through commissions, or through large public exhibitions of their own work. There were official, government-sponsored painters' unions, while governments regularly held public exhibitions of new fine and decorative arts.

The Impressionists argued that people do not see objects, but only the light which they reflect, and therefore painters should paint in natural light rather than in studios, and should capture the effects of light in their work.

Impressionist artists formed a group, Société Anonyme Coopérative des Artistes Peintres, Sculpteurs, Graveurs ("Association of Painters, Sculptors, and Engravers") which, despite internal tensions, mounted a series of independent exhibitions. The style was adopted by artists in different nations, in preference to a "national" style. These factors established the view that it was a "movement". These traits — establishment of a working method integral to the art, establishment of a movement or visible active core of support, and international adoption — would be repeated by artistic movements in the Modern period in art.

Early 20th Century

Among the movements which flowered in the first decade of the 20th century were FauvismFauvism

Les Fauves were a short-lived and loose grouping of early Modern artists whose works emphasized painterly qualities, and th...
, CubismCubism

Cubism was an early 20th century avant-garde art movement that revolutionized European painting and sculpture, and inspired ...
, ExpressionismExpressionism

Expressionism is the tendency of an artist to distort reality for an emotional effect....
, and FuturismFuturism (art)

Futurism was a 20th century art movement, not to be confused with Futurist - trend watching....
.

World War IFacts About World War I

World War I, also known as the First World War, the Great War and "The War to End All Wars" was a global m...
 brought an end to this phase, but indicated the beginning of a number of anti-artAnti-art

Anti-art is the definition of a work which may be exhibited or delivered in a conventional context but makes fun of serious ...
 movements, such as DadaDada

Dada or Dadaism is a cultural movement that began in neutral Zrich, Switzerland, during World War I and peaked from 19...
 and the work of Marcel DuchampMarcel Duchamp

Marcel Duchamp was a French artist whose work and ideas had considerable influence on the development of post-World War I...
, and of SurrealismSurrealism Summary

Surrealism is an artistic, cultural and intellectual movement oriented toward the liberation of the mind by emphasizing ...
. Artist groups like de StijlDe Stijl

De Stijl was a Dutch artistic movement, founded in 1917....
 and BauhausBauhaus

Bauhaus is the common term for the Staatliches Bauhaus, an art and architecture school in Germany that operated from 1...
 developed new ideas about the interrelation of the arts, architecture, design and art education.

Modern art was introduced to the United States with the Armory ShowArmory Show

Many exhibitions have been held in the vast spaces of U.S....
 in 1913, and through European artists who moved to the U.S. during World War IWorld War I

World War I, also known as the First World War, the Great War and "The War to End All Wars" was a global m...
.

After World War IIWorld War II

World War II, or the Second World War, was a worldwide conflict fought between the Allied Powers and the Axis Powers ,...


It was only after World War IIWorld War II

World War II, or the Second World War, was a worldwide conflict fought between the Allied Powers and the Axis Powers ,...
, though, that the U.S. became the focal point of new artistic movements. The 1950s and 1960s saw the emergence of Abstract ExpressionismAbstract expressionism

Abstract expressionism was an American post-World War II art movement....
, Color field painting, Pop artPop art

Pop art was a visual artistic movement that emerged in the late 1950s in England and the United States....
, Op artOp art

Op art, also known as optical art, is used to describe some paintings and other works of art which use optical illusions....
, Hard-edge paintingHard-edge painting

The Hard-edge painting style can be considered a subdivision of Post-Painterly Abstraction, which in turn emerged from Color...
, Minimal art, Lyrical AbstractionLyrical Abstraction

Lyrical Abstraction is an important American abstract art movement that emerged in New York City, Los Angeles, Washington DC...
, PostminimalismPostminimalism

Postminimalism is a term utilized in various artistic fields for work which is influenced by, or attempts to develop, and go...
, PhotorealismPhotorealism

Photorealism is the genre of painting resembling a photograph, most recently seen in the splinter hyperrealism movement....
 and various other movements. In the late 1960s and the 1970s, Land artFacts About Land art

Land art or earth art is a form of art which came to prominence in the late 1960s and 1970s primarily concerned with t...
, Performance artPerformance art Summary

-||}Performance art is art in which the actions of an individual or a group at a particular place and in a particular time...
, Conceptual artConceptual art Summary

Conceptual art, sometimes called idea art, is art in which the concept or idea involved in the work take precedence ov...
, and other new art forms had attracted the attention of curators and critics, at the expense of more traditional media. Larger installationsInstallation art

Installation art is art that uses sculptural materials and other media to modify the way we experience a particular space....
 and performancesPerformance art

-||}Performance art is art in which the actions of an individual or a group at a particular place and in a particular time...
 became widespread.

Around that period, a number of artists and architects started rejecting the idea of "the modernModernism

Modernism is a trend of thought which affirms the power of human beings to make, improve and reshape their environment, with...
" and created typically PostmodernPostmodern art

Postmodern art is a term used to describe art which is thought to be after or in contradiction to some aspect of modernism....
 works.

By the end of the 1970s, when cultural critics began speaking of "The End of Painting" (the title of a provocative essay written in 1981 by Douglas Crimp), new media artNew media art

to [[in...
 has become a category in itself, with a growing number of artists experimenting with technological means such as video artVideo art

Video art is a type of art which relies on moving pictures and is comprised of video and/or audio data....
. Painting assumed renewed importance in the 1980s and 1990s, as evidenced by the rise of neo-expressionismNeo-expressionism

Neo-expressionism was a style of modern painting that emerged in the late 1970s and dominated the art market until the mid-1...
 and the revival of figurative paintingFigurative art

Figurative art describes artwork - particularly paintings - which are clearly derived from real object sources, and are ther...
.

Art movements and artist groups

(Roughly chronological with representative artists listed.)

Modern art

19th century


  • RomanticismRomanticism

    Romanticism was an artistic and intellectual movement that originated in late 18th century Western Europe....
     the Romantic movement - Francisco de Goya, J. M. W. TurnerJ. M. W. Turner

    Joseph Mallord William Turner, died December 19 1851) was an English Romantic landscape artist, whose style can be said to...
    , Eugène DelacroixEugène Delacroix

    Ferdinand Victor Eugne Delacroix was the most important of the French Romantic painters....
  • RealismRealism (visual arts)

    Realists render everyday characters, situations, dilemmas, and objects, all in an "true-to-life" manner....
     - Gustave CourbetGustave Courbet

    Jean Dsir Gustave Courbet was a French painter. ...
    , Camille Corot, Jean-François MilletJean-François Millet

    Jean-Franois Millet was a painter and one of the founders of the Barbizon school in rural France....
  • ImpressionismImpressionism Summary

    ----Impressionism was a 19th century art movement that began as a loose association of Paris-based artists who began public...
     - Edgar DegasEdgar Degas

    Edgar Degas was a French artist famous for his work in painting, sculpture, and drawing....
    , Édouard ManetÉdouard Manet

    douard Manet was a French painter....
    , Claude MonetClaude Monet

    Claude Monet also known as Oscar-Claude Monet or Claude Oscar Monet was a French Impressionist painter....
    , Camille PissarroCamille Pissarro

    Camille Pissarro was a French Impressionist painter....
    , Alfred SisleyFacts About Alfred Sisley

    Alfred Sisley was a British Impressionist landscape painter who lived and worked in France....
  • Post-impressionismPost-Impressionism

    Post-Impressionism is a term coined by the British artist and art critic Roger Fry in 1910, to describe the development of E...
     - Georges Seurat, Paul CézannePaul Cézanne

    Paul Czanne was a French artist, a Post-Impressionist painter whose work laid the foundations of the transition from the 19...
    , Paul GauguinPaul Gauguin Overview

    Eugne Henri Paul Gauguin was a leading Post-Impressionist artist....
    , Vincent van GoghVincent van Gogh

    Vegetarian cuisine is cookery of food that meets vegetarian ethical principles and health standards....
    , Henri de Toulouse-LautrecHenri de Toulouse-Lautrec

    Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec was a French painter. ...
    , Henri RousseauHenri Rousseau

    Henri Rousseau was a French Post-Impressionist painter in the Naive or Primitive manner....
  • SymbolismSymbolism (arts)

    Symbolism was a late nineteenth century art movement of French and Belgian origin in poetry and other arts....
     - Gustave MoreauGustave Moreau

    Gustave Moreau was a French Symbolist painter....
    , Odilon RedonOdilon Redon

    Odilon Redon was a Symbolist painter, born in Bordeaux, Aquitaine, France....
    , James EnsorJames Ensor

    James Sidney Ensor, Baron Ensor, was a Belgian painter whose unique portrayals of grotesque humanity made him a principal pr...
  • Les NabisLes Nabis

    Nabis meaning the prophets were a group of young post-Impressionist avant-garde Parisian artists of the 1890s that influ...
     - Pierre BonnardPierre Bonnard

    Pierre Bonnard was a French painter and printmaker....
    , Edouard VuillardÉdouard Vuillard

    Jean-douard Vuillard was a French painter and printmaker associated with the Nabis....
    , Félix VallottonFélix Vallotton

    Sorry, no overview for this topic
  • pre-Modernist Sculptors - Aristide MaillolAristide Maillol

    Aristide Maillol was a French Catalan sculptor and painter....
    , Auguste Rodin

Early 20th century (before WWI)


  • Art NouveauArt Nouveau

    in [[Vienna]...
     & variants - JugendstilJugendstil

    Jugendstil is defined as "a style of architecture or decorative art similar to Art Nouveau, popular in German-speaking areas...
    , Modern Style, ModernismeModernisme

    Modernisme in Catalan, ' is a Catalan cultural movement led by deeply individualistic and anti-traditionalist intellectua...
     - Aubrey BeardsleyFacts About Aubrey Beardsley

    Aubrey Vincent Beardsley was an influential English illustrator, and author. He was born in Brighton. ...
    , Alphonse Mucha, Gustav KlimtGustav Klimt

    Gustav Klimt was an Austrian Symbolist painter and one of the most prominent members of the Vienna Art Nouveau movement....
    ,
  • Art NouveauArt Nouveau

    in [[Vienna]...
     ArchitectureArchitecture

    * Architectural history* Architectural mythology...
     & DesignDesign

    Design, usually considered in the context of the applied arts, engineering, architecture, and other such creative endeavours...
     - Antoni GaudíAntoni Gaudí

    Antoni Gaud i Cornet, in Spanish also known as Antonio Gaud was a Spanish Catalan architect of the Modernisme moveme...
    , Otto WagnerOtto Wagner

    Otto Koloman Wagner was an Austrian architect....
    , Wiener WerkstätteWiener Werkstätte

    Wiener Werkst?tte , was founded on May 19, 1903....
    , Josef HoffmannJosef Hoffmann Overview

    Josef Hoffmann was an Austrian architect and designer of consumer goods....
    , Adolf LoosFacts About Adolf Loos

    Adolf Loos was an early-20th century Viennese modernist architect who is associated with the International Style....
    , Koloman MoserKoloman Moser

    Koloman Moser was an Austrian artist who exerted an incomparable influence on twentieth-century graphic art and one of the f...
  • FauvismFauvism

    Les Fauves were a short-lived and loose grouping of early Modern artists whose works emphasized painterly qualities, and th...
     - André DerainAndré Derain

    Andr Derain was a French painter and an illustrator....
    , Henri MatisseHenri Matisse

    Henri Matisse was a French artist, noted for his use of color and his fluid, brilliant and original draftsmanship....
    , Maurice de VlaminckMaurice de Vlaminck

    Maurice de Vlaminck was a French painter, printmaker and author....
  • ExpressionismExpressionism

    Expressionism is the tendency of an artist to distort reality for an emotional effect....
     - Egon SchieleEgon Schiele

    Egon Schiele was an Austrian painter, a protege of Gustav Klimt, and a major figurative painter of the early 20th century....
    , Oskar KokoschkaOskar Kokoschka

    Oskar Kokoschka was an Austrian artist and poet of Czech origin, best known for his intense expressionistic portraits and la...
    , Edvard MunchEdvard Munch

    Edvard Munch was a Norwegian expressionist painter and printmaker....
    , Emil NoldeEmil Nolde

    Emil Nolde was a German painter. He was one of the first Expressionists, a member of Die Brcke, and is considered to be one...
  • Die BrückeDie Brücke

    Die Brcke was a group of German expressionist artists formed in Dresden in 1905....
     - Ernst Ludwig KirchnerErnst Ludwig Kirchner Summary

    Ernst Ludwig Kirchner was a German expressionist painter and one of the founders of the artists group Die Brcke or "The Brid...
  • Der Blaue ReiterDer Blaue Reiter

    Der Blaue Reiter was a group of expressionist artists established in Munich, Germany in 1911....
     - Wassily KandinskyWassily Kandinsky

    Wassily Kandinsky was a Russian painter and art theorist....
    , Franz MarcFranz Marc

    Franz Marc was one of the principal painters of the German expressionist movement. ...
  • CubismCubism

    Cubism was an early 20th century avant-garde art movement that revolutionized European painting and sculpture, and inspired ...
     - Georges BraqueGeorges Braque

    Georges Braque was a French painter and sculptor, and with Pablo Picasso one of the inventors of cubism....
    , Pablo PicassoFacts About Pablo Picasso

    Pablo Ruz y Picasso was a Spanish painter and sculptor....
  • Orphism - Robert DelaunayRobert Delaunay

    Robert Delaunay was a French artist who used abstractism and cubism in his work....
    , Jacques VillonJacques Villon

    Jacques Villon was a French cubist painter and printmaker....
  • SynchromismSynchromism

    Synchromism was an art movement founded in 1912 by American artists Stanton MacDonald-Wright and Morgan Russell....
     - Stanton MacDonald-WrightStanton Macdonald-Wright Overview

    Stanton MacDonald-Wright, was a U.S....
    , Morgan RussellMorgan Russell

    Morgan Russell was a U.S. abstract painter. With Stanton Macdonald-Wright, he co-founded the Synchromist movement in 1913. ...
  • Pre-SurrealismSurrealism

    Surrealism is an artistic, cultural and intellectual movement oriented toward the liberation of the mind by emphasizing ...
     - Giorgio de ChiricoGiorgio de Chirico

    Giorgio de Chirico often known as Npo, was an influential pre-Surrealist Greek-Italian painter born in Volos, Greece to a Ge...
    , Marc ChagallMarc Chagall Overview

    Marc Chagall was a Jewish painter who was born in Belarus, then part of the Russian Empire....
  • FuturismFuturism (art)

    Futurism was a 20th century art movement, not to be confused with Futurist - trend watching....
     - Giacomo BallaGiacomo Balla

    Giacomo Balla was an Italian painter....
    , Umberto BoccioniUmberto Boccioni

    Umberto Boccioni was an Italian painter and sculptor and a member of the Futurist movement....
    , Carlo CarràCarlo Carrà

    Carlo Carr? was an Italian painter, a leading figure of the Futurist movement that flourished in Italy during the beginning...
  • VorticismVorticism

    Vorticism was a short lived, British art movement of the early 20th century....
     - Wyndham LewisWyndham Lewis

    Percy Wyndham Lewis was a Canadian born British painter and author....
  • Russian avant-gardeRussian avant-garde

    The Russian avant-garde is an umbrella term used to define the large, influential wave of modern art that flourished in Russ...
     - Kasimir Malevich, Natalia GoncharovaNatalia Goncharova

    Natalia Sergeevna Goncharova was a prominent Russian Cubo-Futurism painter and costume designer. ...
    , Mikhail LarionovMikhail Larionov

    Mikhail Fyodorovich Larionov was an avant-garde Russian painter....
  • SculptureSculpture

    A sculpture is a three-dimensional, human-made object selected for special recognition as art....
     - Pablo PicassoPablo Picasso

    Pablo Ruz y Picasso was a Spanish painter and sculptor....
    , Henri MatisseHenri Matisse

    Henri Matisse was a French artist, noted for his use of color and his fluid, brilliant and original draftsmanship....
    , Constantin BrancusiConstantin Brancusi

    Constantin Brancusi , was a Romanian sculptor, born in Hobita, Gorj, near Trgu Jiu, where he placed his sculptural ensemble ...
  • PhotographyPhotography

    Photography is the process of making pictures by means of the action of light....
     - PictorialismPictorialism

    Pictorialism was a photographic movement in vogue from around 1885 following the widespread introduction of the dry-plate pr...
    , Straight photographyStraight photography

    Straight photography refers to photography that attempts to depict a scene as realistically and objectively as permitted by ...


WWI to WWII

  • DadaDada

    Dada or Dadaism is a cultural movement that began in neutral Zrich, Switzerland, during World War I and peaked from 19...
     - Jean ArpJean Arp

    Jean Arp was a German-French sculptor, painter, and poet....
    , Marcel DuchampMarcel Duchamp

    Marcel Duchamp was a French artist whose work and ideas had considerable influence on the development of post-World War I...
    , Max ErnstMax Ernst

    Max Ernst was a Germandadaist and surrealist artist. ...
    , Francis PicabiaFrancis Picabia

    Francis-Marie Martinez Picabia was a well-known painter and poet born of a French mother and a Spanish father who was an att...
    , Kurt SchwittersKurt Schwitters

    Kurt Schwitters was a German painter who was born in Hannover, Germany....
  • Synthetic CubismSynthetic cubism

    Synthetic Cubism was the second main branch of Cubism developed by Picasso, Braque and others between 1912 and 1919....
     - Georges BraqueFacts About Georges Braque

    Georges Braque was a French painter and sculptor, and with Pablo Picasso one of the inventors of cubism....
    , Juan GrisJuan Gris

    Jos Victoriano Gonzlez-Prez , better known as Juan Gris, was a Spanish painter and sculptor who lived and worked in F...
    , Fernand LégerFernand Léger

    Joseph Fernand Henri Lger was a French artist and filmmaker....
    , Pablo PicassoPablo Picasso

    Pablo Ruz y Picasso was a Spanish painter and sculptor....
  • Pittura MetafisicaPittura Metafisica

    Pittura Metafisica was an Italian art movement founded in 1917 by Carlo Carrà and Giorgio de Chirico in Ferrara....
     - Giorgio de ChiricoGiorgio de Chirico

    Giorgio de Chirico often known as Npo, was an influential pre-Surrealist Greek-Italian painter born in Volos, Greece to a Ge...
    , Carlo CarràCarlo Carrà

    Carlo Carr? was an Italian painter, a leading figure of the Futurist movement that flourished in Italy during the beginning...
  • De StijlDe Stijl

    De Stijl was a Dutch artistic movement, founded in 1917....
     - Theo van DoesburgTheo van Doesburg

    Theo van Doesburg was a Dutch artist, practicing in painting, writing, poetry and architecture....
    , Piet MondrianPiet Mondrian

    Pieter Cornelis Mondriaan, after 1912 Mondrian,, Dutch painter...
  • ExpressionismFacts About Expressionism

    Expressionism is the tendency of an artist to distort reality for an emotional effect....
     - Egon SchieleEgon Schiele

    Egon Schiele was an Austrian painter, a protege of Gustav Klimt, and a major figurative painter of the early 20th century....
    , Amedeo ModiglianiAmedeo Modigliani

    Amedeo Clemente Modigliani was an Italian painter and sculptor....
    , and Chaim SoutineChaim Soutine

    Chaim Soutine was a Belarrusian expressionist painter....
  • New ObjectivityNew Objectivity

    The New Objectivity, or neue Sachlichkeit, was an art movement which arose in Germany in the early 1920s as an outgrow...
     - Max BeckmannMax Beckmann

    Max Beckmann,, was a German painter, draftsman, graphic artist, sculptor, writer and thinker....
    , Otto DixOtto Dix

    Otto Dix was a German expressionist and anti-war painter and a veteran of the First World War....
    , George GroszGeorge Grosz

    George Grosz was a prominent member of the Berlin Dada and New Objectivity group, known especially for his savagely caricatu...
  • Figurative painting - Henri MatisseHenri Matisse

    Henri Matisse was a French artist, noted for his use of color and his fluid, brilliant and original draftsmanship....
    , Pierre BonnardPierre Bonnard

    Pierre Bonnard was a French painter and printmaker....
  • ConstructivismConstructivism (art)

    For architecture, see Constructivist architecture....
     - Naum GaboNaum Gabo

    Naum Gabo KBE was a prominent sculptor in the Constructivism movement and a pioneer of Kinetic Art....
    , László Moholy-NagyLászló Moholy-Nagy Summary

    Lszl Moholy-Nagy was a Hungarian painter and photographer as well as professor in the Bauhaus school....
    , El LissitzkyEl Lissitzky

    Lazar Markovich Lissitzky , better known as El Lissitzky, was a Russian artist, designer, photographer, teacher, typog...
    , Kasimir Malevich, Alexander RodchenkoAlexander Rodchenko

    Aleksander Mikhailovich Rodchenko, – December 3, 1956) was a Russian artist, sculptor and photographer....
    , Vladimir TatlinVladimir Tatlin

    Vladimir Yevgrafovich Tatlin worked as a painter and architect....
  • SurrealismSurrealism Summary

    Surrealism is an artistic, cultural and intellectual movement oriented toward the liberation of the mind by emphasizing ...
     - Jean ArpJean Arp

    Jean Arp was a German-French sculptor, painter, and poet....
    , Salvador DalíSalvador Dalí

    Salvador Felip Jacint Dal Domnech, Marquess of Pubol , known popularly as Salvador Dal, was a Catalan-Spanish artist ...
    , Max ErnstMax Ernst

    Max Ernst was a Germandadaist and surrealist artist. ...
    , René MagritteRené Magritte

    Ren Franois Ghislain Magritte was a Belgian surrealist artist....
    , André MassonAndré Masson

    Andr-Aim-Ren Masson was a French artist....
    , Joan MiróJoan Miró

    Joan Mir i Ferr was a Catalan painter, sculptor and ceramist born in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain....
    , Marc ChagallMarc Chagall

    Marc Chagall was a Jewish painter who was born in Belarus, then part of the Russian Empire....
  • BauhausBauhaus

    Bauhaus is the common term for the Staatliches Bauhaus, an art and architecture school in Germany that operated from 1...
     - Wassily KandinskyWassily Kandinsky

    Wassily Kandinsky was a Russian painter and art theorist....
    , Paul KleePaul Klee Summary

    Paul Klee was a Swiss painter of German nationality....
    , Josef AlbersJosef Albers Summary

    Josef Albers, was a German artist and educator whose work, both in Europe and in the United States, formed the basis of some...
  • SculptureSculpture Overview

    A sculpture is a three-dimensional, human-made object selected for special recognition as art....
     - Alexander CalderAlexander Calder

    Alexander Calder, also known as Sandy Calder, was an American sculptor and artist most famous for inventing the mobile...
    , Alberto GiacomettiAlberto Giacometti

    Alberto Giacometti was a Swiss sculptor, painter, draftsman and printmaker. ...
    , René IchéRené Iché

    Ren? Ich? was a 20th century French sculptor. ...
    , Gaston LachaiseGaston Lachaise

    Gaston Lachaise was a French-American sculptor, active in the early 20th century....
    , Henry MooreHenry Moore

    Henry Spencer Moore OM CH, was a British artist and sculptor....
    , Pablo PicassoPablo Picasso

    Pablo Ruz y Picasso was a Spanish painter and sculptor....
    , Julio GonzalezJulio González (sculptor) Overview

    Julio Gonz?lez was a Spanish abstract, cubist painter and sculptor....
  • Scottish ColouristsScottish Colourists

    The Scottish Colourists were a group of painters from Scotland whose work was not very highly regarded when it was first exh...
     - Francis CadellFrancis Cadell (artist)

    Francis Campbell Boileau Cadell was a Scottish painter associated with the Scottish Colourists....
    , Samuel PeploeSamuel Peploe

    Samuel John Peploe was a Scottish Impressionist painter, noted for his still life works and for being one of the group of 4 ...
    , Leslie Hunter, John Duncan FergussonJohn Duncan Fergusson

    John Duncan Fergusson was a Scottish artist, regarded as one of the major artists of the Scottish Colourists school of paint...
  • SuprematismSuprematism

    ...
     - Kazimir MalevichKazimir Malevich

    Kazimir Severinovich Malevich , was a painter and art theoretician, pioneer of geometric abstract art and one of the most i...
    , Aleksandra EksterAleksandra Ekster

    Alexandra Ekster or Exter was a painter, designer, and one of the founders of Art Deco....
    , Olga RozanovaOlga Rozanova Summary

    Olga Vladimirovna Rosanova was a Russian avant-garde artist in the styles of Suprematist, Neo-Primitivist, and Cubo-Futuris...
    , Nadezhda UdaltsovaNadezhda Udaltsova

    Nadezhda Udaltsova was a Russian avant-garde artist....
    , Anna Kagan, Ivan KliunIvan Kliun

    Ivan Kliun was a Russian painter, Avant-garde artist , graphic artist and sculptor. ...
    , Lyubov PopovaLyubov Popova

    Liubov Sergeyevna Popova was a Russian avant-garde artist, painter and designer....
    , Nikolai SuetinNikolai Suetin

    Nikolai Suetin was a russian supremisist....
    , Ilya Chashnik, Lazar Khidekel, Nina Genke-MellerNina Genke-Meller

    Nina Genke-Meller, or Nina Henke-Meller, was a Ukrainian avant-garde artist,, designer, graphic artist and scenographe...
    , Ivan PuniIvan Puni

    Ivan Puni or Puny was a Russian avant-garde artist....
    , Ksenia BoguslavskayaKsenia Boguslavskaya

    Ksenia or Kseniya Boguslavskaya - Russian avant-garde artist poet and interior decorator....


After WWII

  • FiguratifsFigurative art

    Figurative art describes artwork - particularly paintings - which are clearly derived from real object sources, and are ther...
     - Bernard BuffetBernard Buffet

    Bernard Buffet was a French painter who was highly acclaimed by the age of twenty....
    , Jean CarzouJean Carzou

    Jean Carzou was born to an Armenian family....
    , Yves Brayer, Maurice BoitelMaurice Boitel

    Maurice Boitel is a French painter. ...
    , Pierre-Henry, Daniel du JanerandDaniel du Janerand

    Daniel du Janerand was a French painter artist...
    , Jean Monneret, Gaston Sébire, Louis Vuillermoz, Claude-Max LochuClaude-Max Lochu

    French artist, painter and designer, Claude-Max Lochu was born in 1951 in Delle in Franche-Comt?....
  • Abstract artAbstract art

    Abstract art is art that appears to be without a story, but in reality may have a hidden meaning....
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  • SculptureSculpture

    A sculpture is a three-dimensional, human-made object selected for special recognition as art....
     - Henry MooreHenry Moore

    Henry Spencer Moore OM CH, was a British artist and sculptor....
    , David SmithDavid Smith (sculptor)

    David Smith was an American sculptor of Abstract Expressionism best known for creating large steel abstract geometric sculpt...
    , Tony SmithTony Smith (sculptor) Overview

    Tony Smith was an American sculptor, visual artist, and a noted theorist on art....
    , Alexander CalderAlexander Calder

    Alexander Calder, also known as Sandy Calder, was an American sculptor and artist most famous for inventing the mobile...
    , Isamu NoguchiIsamu Noguchi

    was a notable 20th century artist and landscape architect....
    , Alberto GiacomettiAlberto Giacometti

    Alberto Giacometti was a Swiss sculptor, painter, draftsman and printmaker. ...
    , Sir Anthony Caro, Jean DubuffetJean Dubuffet

    Jean Philippe Arthur Dubuffet was one of the most famous French painters and sculptors of the second half of the 20th centur...
    , Isaac WitkinFacts About Isaac Witkin

    Isaac Witkin, internationally renowned modern sculptor, was born in Johannesburg, South Africa on May 10, 1936, and he died ...
    , René IchéRené Iché

    Ren? Ich? was a 20th century French sculptor. ...
    , Marino MariniMarino Marini

    Marino Marini was an Italian sculptor....
    , Louise Nevelson
  • Abstract expressionismAbstract expressionism

    Abstract expressionism was an American post-World War II art movement....
     - Willem de KooningWillem de Kooning

    Willem de Kooning was an abstract expressionist painter, born in Rotterdam, Netherlands....
    , Jackson PollockJackson Pollock

    Paul Jackson Pollock was an influential American painter and a major force in the abstract expressionist movement....
    , Hans HofmannHans Hofmann

    Hans Hofmann was a German abstract expressionist painter....
    , Franz KlineFranz Kline

    Franz Kline was an American painter mainly associated with the Abstract Expressionist group which was centered, geographical...
    , Robert MotherwellRobert Motherwell

    Robert Motherwell was an American abstract expressionist painter....
    , Clyfford StillClyfford Still

    Clyfford Still was an American artist, a painter, and one of the leading figures in Abstract Expressionism....
  • American Abstract ArtistsAmerican Abstract Artists

    American Abstract Artists was formed in 1936 in New York City, to promote and foster public understanding of abstract art....
     - Lee KrasnerLee Krasner

    Lee Krasner was an influential abstract expressionist painter in the second half of the 20th Century....
    , Ibram LassawIbram Lassaw

    Ibram LassawBiographyLassaw was born in Alexandria, Egypt, of Russian migr parents, he came to the U.S....
    , Ad ReinhardtAd Reinhardt

    Adolph Dietmar Friedrich Reinhardt was a painter, writer, and pioneer of conceptual and minimal art....
    , Joseph Albers, Burgoyne DillerBurgoyne Diller

    Burgoyne Diller was an American abstract painter....
  • Art brutArt Brut

    Art Brut is term created by the artist Jean Dubuffet....
     - Adolf WölfliAdolf Wölfli

    Adolf Wlfli was a prolific Swiss artist who is regarded as one of the foremost artists in the Art Brut or outsider art tradi...
    , August Natterer, Ferdinand ChevalFerdinand Cheval

    Ferdinand Cheval was a French postman who spent 33 years of his life building an "Ideal Castle"....
    , Madge GillMadge Gill

    Madge Gill, born Maude Ethel Eades, was an English outsider and visionary artist. ...
    , Paul Salvator GoldengreenPaul Salvator Goldengreen Overview

    Paul Salvator Goldengreen Warburg is an...
  • Arte PoveraArte Povera

    The term Arte Povera was introduced by the Italian art critic and curator, Germano Celant, in 1967....
     - Jannis KounellisJannis Kounellis

    Jannis Kounellis was born in 1936 in Piraeus, Greece....
    , Luciano FabroLuciano Fabro

    Luciano Fabro was an Italian artist associated with the Arte Povera movement....
    , Mario MerzMario Merz

    Since the early 1950s, Mario Merz has been a powerful force of Italian art throughout the world....
    , Piero ManzoniPiero Manzoni

    Piero Manzoni was an Italian artist best known for his ironic conceptual art in direct response to the work of Yves Klein...
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  • Color field painting - Barnett NewmanBarnett Newman

    Barnett Newman was an American artist....
    , Mark RothkoFacts About Mark Rothko

    Mark Rothko was a Latvian-born American painter who is classified as an abstract expressionist, although he rejected not onl...
    , Sam FrancisSam Francis

    See also: other Sam FrancisesSamuel Lewis Francis was an American painter and printmaker....
    , Morris Louis, Helen FrankenthalerHelen Frankenthaler

    Hellofa Frankenphallus is an American post-painterly abstraction artist....
  • TachismeTachisme

    Tachisme was a French style of abstract painting in the 1940s and 1950s....
     - Jean DubuffetJean Dubuffet

    Jean Philippe Arthur Dubuffet was one of the most famous French painters and sculptors of the second half of the 20th centur...
    , Pierre SoulagesFacts About Pierre Soulages

    Pierre Soulages is a French painter, engraver and sculptor....
    , Hans HartungHans Hartung

    Hans Hartung was a German-French painter, known for his gestural abstract style....
    , Ludwig MerwartLudwig Merwart

    Ludwig Merwart was an influential Austrian painter and graphic artist....
  • COBRAFacts About COBRA (avant-garde movement)

    COBRA was a European avant-garde movement active from 1949 to 1952....
     - Pierre AlechinskyPierre Alechinsky

    Pierre Alechinsky is a Belgian artist....
    , Karel AppelKarel Appel

    Karel Appel was a Dutch painter, born in Amsterdam....
    , Asger JornAsger Jorn

    Asger Oluf Jorn was born in Vejrum, in the northwest corner of Jutland, Denmark and baptized Asger Oluf Jrgensen....
  • Dau-al-SetDau-al-Set

    Dau-al-Set The first Post-War artistic movement founded in Barcelona, Spain in 1948 by poet Joan Brossa....
     - founded in BarcelonaBarcelona

    Barcelona – Greek: ; Latin: Barcino, Barcelo , and Barceno – is the second largest city in S...
     by poet/artist Joan BrossaJoan Brossa

    Joan Brossa. Poet, playwright, graphic designer and plastic artist....
    , - Antoni TàpiesAntoni Tàpies

    Antoni T?pies is a Spanish Catalan painter....
    , Enrique TábaraEnrique Tábara

    Enrique T?bara is a master Ecuadorian painter and teacher representing a whole Hispanic pictorial and artistic culture....
    , Antonio SauraAntonio Saura

    Antonio Saura was one of the greatest Spanish artists of the last 50 years....
  • Geometric abstraction - Wassily KandinskyWassily Kandinsky

    Wassily Kandinsky was a Russian painter and art theorist....
    , Kazimir MalevichKazimir Malevich

    Kazimir Severinovich Malevich , was a painter and art theoretician, pioneer of geometric abstract art and one of the most i...
    , Nadir AfonsoNadir Afonso

    Nadir Afonso, OSE is a geometric abstractionist painter....
  • Hard-edge paintingHard-edge painting

    The Hard-edge painting style can be considered a subdivision of Post-Painterly Abstraction, which in turn emerged from Color...
     - Ellsworth KellyFacts About Ellsworth Kelly

    Ellsworth Kelly is an American painter and sculptor associated with the minimalist school....
    , Al HeldAl Held

    Al Held was an American Abstract expressionist painter....
    , Ronald DavisRonald Davis

    Ronald Davis , born 1937, is an American painter whose work is associated with Geometric abstraction, Abstract Illusionism, ...
  • Kinetic artKinetic art

    Kinetic art is art that moves, or appears to move....
     - George RickeyGeorge Rickey

    George Rickey was an American kinetic sculptor....
  • Land artLand art

    Land art or earth art is a form of art which came to prominence in the late 1960s and 1970s primarily concerned with t...
     - ChristoChristo and Jeanne-Claude

    Christo and Jeanne-Claude are an artistic couple practicing environmental, installation art....
    , Richard LongRichard Long (artist)

    Richard Long is an English sculptor, photographer and painter, one of the best known British land artists....
    , Robert SmithsonRobert Smithson

    Robert Smithson was an American artist famous for his land art....
  • Les AutomatistesLes Automatistes

    Les Automatistes were a group of Qubcois artistic dissidents from Montreal, Quebec....
     - Claude GauvreauClaude Gauvreau

    Claude Gauvreau, was a Quebec playwright, poet and polemicist born in Montreal....
    , Jean-Paul RiopelleJean-Paul Riopelle

    Jean-Paul Riopelle was a painter and sculptor from Quebec....
    , Pierre GauvreauPierre Gauvreau

    Pierre Gauvreau is a Qubcois painter who has also worked in film and television productions....
    , Fernand LeducFernand Leduc

    Fernand Leduc is a Canadian Qubcois painter who was a major figure in the Quebec contemporary art scene from 1940s to 19...
    , Jean-Paul MousseauJean-Paul Mousseau

    Jean-Paul Mousseau was a student of Paul-mile Borduas and a member of the Automatist school of Quebec artists....
    , Marcelle FerronMarcelle Ferron

    Marcelle Ferron, a Qubcoise painter and stained glass artist, was a major figure in the Quebec contemporary art scene....
  • Minimal art - Agnes MartinAgnes Martin

    Agnes Martin was a Canadian-American minimalist painter....
    , Dan FlavinDan Flavin Summary

    Dan Flavin was an American minimalist sculptor who created sculptural objects and installations from commercially available ...
    , Donald JuddDonald Judd

    Donald Clarence Judd was a minimalist artist whose work sought autonomy and clarity for the constructed object and the space...
    , Sol LeWittSol LeWitt

    Sol LeWitt is an artist linked to various movements including conceptual art and minimalism....
    , Richard SerraRichard Serra

    Richard Serra is an American minimalist sculptor and video artist known for working with large scale assemblies of sheet met...
  • PostminimalismPostminimalism

    Postminimalism is a term utilized in various artistic fields for work which is influenced by, or attempts to develop, and go...
     - Eva HesseEva Hesse

    ----Eva Hesse, was a German-born American sculptor, known for her pioneering work in materials such as latex, fiberglass, a...
    , Bruce NaumanBruce Nauman

    Bruce Nauman is a contemporary American artist....
    , Hannah WilkeHannah Wilke

    Hannah Wilke was an American painter, sculptor and photographer associated with Conceptual Art and Post-Minimalism....
    , Lynda BenglisFacts About Lynda Benglis

    Lynda Benglis is an American sculptor known for her wax paintings and poured latex sculptures....
  • Lyrical AbstractionLyrical Abstraction

    Lyrical Abstraction is an important American abstract art movement that emerged in New York City, Los Angeles, Washington DC...
     - Ronnie LandfieldRonnie Landfield

    Ronnie Landfield is an American abstract painter, born January 9, 1947 in The Bronx, New York....
    , Sam GilliamSam Gilliam

    Sam Gilliam is an African American color field painter associated with the Washington Color School and Abstract Expressionis...
    , Larry ZoxLarry Zox

    Lawrence "Larry" Zox was an American painter and printmaker who is classified as an Abstract expressionist, Color Field pai...
    , Dan ChristensenDan Christensen

    Dan Christensen, the American abstract painter, was born in Cozad, Nebraska on October 6, 1942, he died in Easthampton, New ...
  • Neo-figurative artNeo-figurative

    Neo-figurative art describes an expressionist revival in modern form of figurative art....
     - Fernando BoteroFernando Botero

    Fernando Botero is a neo-figurative Colombian artist, self-titled "the most Colombian of Colombian artists." He strives in a...
    , Antonio BerniAntonio Berni

    Delesio Antonio Berni was a neofigurative artist, born in Rosario, province of Santa Fe, Argentina....
  • Neo-expressionismNeo-expressionism

    Neo-expressionism was a style of modern painting that emerged in the late 1970s and dominated the art market until the mid-1...
     - Georg BaselitzGeorg Baselitz

    Georg Baselitz is a German painter who studied in the former East Germany, before moving to what was then the country of Wes...
    , Anselm KieferAnselm Kiefer

    Anselm Kiefer is a German painter and sculptor....
    , Francesco ClementeFrancesco Clemente

    Francesco Clemente is an Italian painter....
    , Jean-Michel BasquiatJean-Michel Basquiat

    Jean-Michel Basquiat was an American artist born in Brooklyn, New York City....
  • New realismNew realism Overview

    New Realism refers to an artistic movement founded in 1960 by Pierre Restany and Yves Klein....
     - ChristoChristo and Jeanne-Claude

    Christo and Jeanne-Claude are an artistic couple practicing environmental, installation art....
    , Yves KleinYves Klein

    Yves Klein was a French artist and is considered an important figure in post-war European neo-Dadaism....
    , Pierre RestanyPierre Restany

    Pierre Restany, was a French art critic, has incarnated one of the last figures of the militant critic and a passionate supp...
  • Op artOp art

    Op art, also known as optical art, is used to describe some paintings and other works of art which use optical illusions....
     - Victor VasarelyVictor Vasarely

    Victor Vasarely was a French Hungarian-born artist often acclaimed as the father of Op-art....
    , Bridget RileyBridget Riley

    Bridget Louise Riley CH CBE is an English painter, one of the foremost proponents of op art, art exploiting the fallibility ...
    , Richard AnuszkiewiczRichard Anuszkiewicz

    Richard Anuszkiewicz is an op art painter, sculptor, and printmaker....
  • Outsider artOutsider Art

    The term Outsider Art was coined by art critic Roger Cardinal in 1972 as an English synonym for Art Brut, a label crea