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Modern art is a term that refers to artistic works produced during the period extending roughly from the 1860s through the 1970s, and denotes the style and philosophy of the art produced during that era.






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Modern art is a term that refers to artistic works produced during the period extending roughly from the 1860s through the 1970s, and denotes the style and philosophy of the art produced during that era. The term is usually associated with art in which the traditions of the past have been thrown aside in a spirit of experimentation. Modern artists experimented with new ways of seeing, and with fresh ideas about the nature of materials and functions of art. A tendency toward abstraction
Abstraction

Abstraction is the process or result of generalization by reducing the information content of a concept or an observable phenomenon, typically in order to retain only information which is relevant for a particular purpose....
 is characteristic of much modern art. More recent artistic production is often called Contemporary art
Contemporary art

Contemporary art can be defined variously as art produced at this present point in time or art produced since World War II. The definition of the word contemporary would support the first view, but museums of contemporary art commonly define their collections as consisting of art produced since World War II....
 or Postmodern art
Postmodern art

Postmodern art is a term used to describe an art movement which was thought to be in contradiction to some aspect of modernism, or to have emerged or developed in its aftermath....
.

The notion of modern art is closely related to Modernism
Modernism

Modernism, in its broadest definition, is modern thought, character, or practice. More specifically, the term describes both a set of cultural tendencies and an array of associated cultural movements, originally arising from wide-scale and far-reaching changes to Western culture in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century....
.

History of Modern art


Roots in the 19th century


Although modern sculpture
Sculpture

Sculpture is Three-dimensional space artwork created by shaping or combining hard and or plastic material, sound, and or text and or light, commonly Stone sculpture , metal, glass, or wood....
 and architecture
Architecture

The term architecture can refer to a process, a profession or documentation.As a process, architecture is the activity of designing and construction buildings and other physical structures by a person or a computer, primarily to provide shelter....
 are reckoned to have emerged at the end of the nineteenth century, the beginnings of modern painting
Painting

Painting is the practice of applying paint, pigment, color or other medium to a surface . In art, the term describes both the act and the result, which is called a painting....
 can be located earlier. The date perhaps most commonly identified as marking the birth of modern art is 1863, the year that Édouard Manet
Édouard Manet

?douard Manet , 23 January 1832 – 30 April 1883, was a French Painting. One of the first nineteenth century artists to approach modern-life subjects, he was a pivotal figure in the transition from realism to Impressionism....
 exhibited his painting Le déjeuner sur l'herbe in the Salon des Refusés
Salon des Refusés

The Salon des Refus?s, French for ?exhibition of rejects?, is generally an exhibition of works rejected by the jury of the official Paris Salon, but the term is most famously used to refer to the Salon des Refus?s of 1863....
 in Paris
Paris

Paris is the Capital of France and the country's largest city. It is situated on the river Seine, in northern France, at the heart of the ?le-de-France Regions of France ....
. Earlier dates have also been proposed, among them 1855 (the year Gustave Courbet
Gustave Courbet

Jean D?sir? Gustave Courbet was a France Painting who led the realism movement in 19th-century French painting....
 exhibited The Artist's Studio
The Artist's Studio

The Artist's Studio : A Real Allegory of a Seven Year Phase in my Artistic and Moral Life is an 1855 oil painting on canvas by Gustave Courbet....
) and 1784 (the year Jacques-Louis David
Jacques-Louis David

Jacques-Louis David was a highly influential France painter in the Neoclassicism style, considered to be the preeminent painter of the era. In the 1780s his cerebral brand of history painting marked a change in taste away from Rococo frivolity toward a classical austerity and severity, chiming with the moral climate of the final years of th...
 completed his painting The Oath of the Horatii). In the words of art historian H. Harvard Arnason: "Each of these dates has significance for the development of modern art, but none categorically marks a completely new beginning ... A gradual metamorphosis took place in the course of a hundred years."

The strands of thought that eventually led to modern art can be traced back to the Enlightenment
Age of Enlightenment

The Age of Enlightenment or The Enlightenment is a term used to describe a time in Western philosophy and cultural life centered upon the eighteenth century, in which rationalism was advocated as the primary source and legitimacy for authority....
, and even to the seventeenth century. The important modern art critic Clement Greenberg
Clement Greenberg

Clement Greenberg was an influential United States art critic closely associated with Modern art in the United States. In particular, he militant critic the Abstract Expressionism movement and was among the first critics to praise the work of painter Jackson Pollock....
, for instance, called Immanual Kant "the first real Modernist" but also drew a distinction: "The Enlightenment criticized from the outside ... Modernism criticizes from the inside." The French Revolution
French Revolution

The French Revolution was a period of political and social upheaval and radical change in the history of France, during which the French governmental structure, previously an absolute monarchy with feudalism for the aristocracy and Roman Catholic Church clergy, underwent radical change to forms based on Age of Enlightenment principles of cit...
 of 1789 uprooted assumptions and institutions that had for centuries been accepted with little question, and accustomed the public to vigorous political and social debate. This gave rise to what art historian Ernst Gombrich
Ernst Gombrich

Sir Ernst Hans Josef Gombrich, Order of Merit, Order of the British Empire was an Austrian-born art historian who spent most of his working life in the United Kingdom....
 called a "self-consciousness that made people select the style of their building as one selects the pattern of a wallpaper."

The pioneers of modern art were Romantics
Romanticism

Romanticism is a complex artistic, literary, and intellectual movement that originated in the second half of the 18th century in Western Europe, and gained strength during the Industrial Revolution....
, Realists
Realism (visual arts)

Realism is a visual art style that depicts the actuality of what the eyes can see. Realists render everyday life characters, situations, dilemmas, and objects, all in verisimilitude....
 and Impressionists
Impressionism

Impressionism was a 19th-century art movement that began as a loose association of Paris-based artists art exhibition their art publicly in the 1860s....
. By the late 19th century, additional movements which were to be influential in modern art had begun to emerge: post-Impressionism
Post-Impressionism

Post-Impressionism is the term coined by the British artist and art critic Roger Fry in 1910 to describe the development of French art since Edouard Manet....
, as well as Symbolism
Symbolism (arts)

Symbolism was a late nineteenth-century art movement of French and Belgium origin in symbolist poetry and other arts....
.

Influences upon these movements were varied: from exposure to Eastern decorative arts, particularly Japanese printmaking
Japonism

Japonism, or Japonisme, the original French language term, which is also used in English, is a term for the influence of the Japanese art on those of the West....
, to the colouristic innovations of Turner
J. M. W. Turner

Joseph Mallord William Turner Royal Academy was an English Romanticism Landscape art, watercolourist and printmaker, whose style is said to have laid the foundation for Impressionism....
 and Delacroix
Eugène Delacroix

Ferdinand Victor Eug?ne Delacroix was a France Romanticism artist regarded from the outset of his career as the leader of the French Romantic school....
, to a search for more realism
Realism (arts)

Realism in the visual arts and literature is the depiction of subjects as they appear in everyday life, without embellishment or interpretation....
 in the depiction of common life, as found in the work of painters such as Jean-François Millet
Jean-François Millet

Jean-Fran?ois Millet was a French Painting and one of the founders of the Barbizon school in rural France. Millet is noted for his scenes of peasant farmers; he can be categorized as part of the Naturalism and Realism movements....
. The advocates of realism stood against the idealism
Idealism

Idealism is the philosophical theory which maintains that the ultimate nature of reality is based on mind or ideas. It holds that the so-called external or "real world" is inseparable from mind, consciousness, or perception....
 of the tradition-bound academic art
Academic art

Academic art is a style of painting and sculpture produced under the influence of European academy or universities.Specifically, academic art is the art and artists influenced by the standards of the French Acad?mie des beaux-arts, which practiced under the movements of Neoclassicism and Romanticism, and the art that followed these two mo...
 that enjoyed public and official favor. The most successful painters of the day worked either through commissions, or through large public exhibitions of their own work. There were official, government-sponsored painters' unions, while governments regularly held public exhibitions of new fine and decorative arts.

The Impressionists argued that people do not see objects, but only the light which they reflect, and therefore painters should paint in natural light (En plein air)
En plein air

En plein air is a French language expression which means "in the open air", and is particularly used to describe the act of painting outdoors....
 rather than in studios, and should capture the effects of light in their work. Impressionist artists formed a group, Société Anonyme Coopérative des Artistes Peintres, Sculpteurs, Graveurs ("Association of Painters, Sculptors, and Engravers") which, despite internal tensions, mounted a series of independent exhibitions. The style was adopted by artists in different nations, in preference to a "national" style. These factors established the view that it was a "movement"
Art movement

An art movement is a tendency or style in art with a specific common philosophy or goal, followed by a group of artists during a restricted period of time, or, at least, with the heyday of the movement more or less strictly so restricted ....
. These traits—establishment of a working method integral to the art, establishment of a movement or visible active core of support, and international adoption—would be repeated by artistic movements in the Modern period in art.

Early 20th Century

Among the movements which flowered in the first decade of the 20th century were Fauvism
Fauvism

Les Fauves were a short-lived and loose grouping of early 20th century Modern artists whose works emphasized painterly qualities and strong colour over the Realism or Representation values retained by Impressionism....
, Cubism
Cubism

Cubism was a 20th century avant-garde art movement, pioneered by Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque, that revolutionized European painting and sculpture, and inspired related movements in music and literature....
, Expressionism
Expressionism

Expressionism is the tendency of an artist to distort reality for an emotional effect; it is a subjective art form. Expressionism is exhibited in many art forms, including painting, literature, theatre, film, Expressionist architecture and Expressionism ....
, and Futurism
Futurism (art)

Futurism was an art Art movement that originated in Italy in the early 20th century. It was largely an Italian phenomenon, though there were parallel movements in Russia, England and elsewhere....
.

World War I
World War I

World War I, or the First World War , was a global military conflict which involved the Great powers, organized into two opposing military alliances: the Allies of World War I and the Central Powers....
 brought an end to this phase, but indicated the beginning of a number of anti-art
Anti-art

Anti-art is the definition of a Work of art which may be exhibited or delivered in a conventional context but makes fun of serious art or challenges the nature of art....
 movements, such as Dada
Dada

Dada or Dadaism is a cultural movement that began in Z?rich, Switzerland, during World War I and peaked from 1916 to 1922. The movement primarily involved visual arts, literature?poetry, art manifestoes, aesthetics?theatre, and graphic design, and concentrated its anti-war politics through a rejection of the prevailing standards in art...
 and the work of Marcel Duchamp
Marcel Duchamp

Marcel Duchamp was a France artist whose work is most often associated with the Dada and Surrealism movements. Duchamp's output influenced the development of post-World War I Western art....
, and of Surrealism
Surrealism

Surrealism is a cultural movement that began in the early-1920s, and is best known for the visual artworks and writings of the group members....
. Artist groups like de Stijl
De Stijl

De Stijl , also known as neoplasticism, was a Dutch artistic movement founded in 1917. In a narrower sense, the term De Stijl is used to refer to a body of work from 1917 to 1931 founded in the Netherlands....
 and Bauhaus
Bauhaus

' is the common term for the ', a school in Germany that combined crafts and the fine arts, and was famous for the approach to design that it publicized and taught....
 developed new ideas about the interrelation of the arts, architecture, design and art education.

Modern art was introduced to the United States with the Armory Show
Armory Show

Many exhibitions have been held in the vast spaces of U.S. United States National Guard Armory , but the Armory Show refers to the International Exhibition of Modern Art that was organized by the Association of American Painters and Sculptors and opened in New York City's 69th Regiment Armory, on Lexington Avenue between...
 in 1913, and through European artists who moved to the U.S. during World War I
World War I

World War I, or the First World War , was a global military conflict which involved the Great powers, organized into two opposing military alliances: the Allies of World War I and the Central Powers....
.

After World War II
World War II

World War II, or the Second World War , was a global military conflict which involved a Participants in World War II, including all of the great powers, organised into two opposing military alliances: the Allies of World War II and the Axis powers....


It was only after World War II
World War II

World War II, or the Second World War , was a global military conflict which involved a Participants in World War II, including all of the great powers, organised into two opposing military alliances: the Allies of World War II and the Axis powers....
, though, that the U.S. became the focal point of new artistic movements. The 1950s and 1960s saw the emergence of Abstract Expressionism
Abstract expressionism

Abstract expressionism was an American post?World War II art movement. It was the first specifically American movement to achieve worldwide influence and also the one that put New York City at the center of the art world, a role formerly filled by Paris....
, Color field painting, Pop art
Pop art

Pop art is a visual art movement that emerged in the mid 1950s in UK and in the late 1950s in the United States. Pop art challenged tradition by asserting that an artist's use of the mass-produced visual commodities of popular culture is contiguous with the perspective of Fine Art since Pop removes the material from its context and isolates...
, Op art
Op art

Op art, also known as optical art, is a genre of visual art, especially painting, that makes use of optical illusions."Optical Art is a method of painting concerning the interaction between illusion and picture plane, between understanding and seeing." Op art works are abstract, with many of the better known pieces made in only blac...
, Hard-edge painting
Hard-edge painting

Hard-edge painting is painting in which abrupt transitions are found between color areas. Color areas are often of one unvarying color. Color transitions often take place along straight lines, though curvilinear edges of color areas are also common....
, Minimal art, Lyrical Abstraction
Lyrical Abstraction

Lyrical Abstraction refers to two related but distinctly separate movements in Post-war Modernist painting.European Lyrical Abstraction is an art movement born in Paris after World War II....
, Postminimalism
Postminimalism

Postminimalism is a term utilized in various artistic fields for work which is influenced by, or attempts to develop and go beyond, the aesthetic of minimalism....
, Photorealism
Photorealism

Photorealism is the genre of painting based on making a painting of a photograph. The term is primarily applied to paintings from the United States photorealism art movement that began in the late 1960s, early 1970s....
 and various other movements. In the late 1960s and the 1970s, Land art
Land art

Land art, Earthworks, or Earth art is an art movement which emerged in the United States in the late 1960s and early 1970s, in which landscape and the work of art are inextricably linked....
, Performance art
Performance art

Performance art is art in which the actions of an individual or a group at a particular place and in a particular time constitute the work. It can happen anywhere, at any time, or for any length of time....
, Conceptual art
Conceptual art

Conceptual art is art in which the concept or idea involved in the work take precedence over traditional Aesthetics and material concerns. Many of the works, sometimes called Installation art, of the artist Sol LeWitt may be constructed by anyone simply by following a set of written instructions....
, and other new art forms had attracted the attention of curators and critics, at the expense of more traditional media. Larger installations
Installation art

Installation art is the use of sculptural materials and other interesting material to transform a space or, argueably, an area. Installation art is not necessarily confined to gallery spaces and can be any material intervention in everyday public or private spaces....
 and performances
Performance art

Performance art is art in which the actions of an individual or a group at a particular place and in a particular time constitute the work. It can happen anywhere, at any time, or for any length of time....
 became widespread.

Around that period, a number of artists and architects started rejecting the idea of "the modern
Modernism

Modernism, in its broadest definition, is modern thought, character, or practice. More specifically, the term describes both a set of cultural tendencies and an array of associated cultural movements, originally arising from wide-scale and far-reaching changes to Western culture in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century....
" and created typically Postmodern
Postmodern art

Postmodern art is a term used to describe an art movement which was thought to be in contradiction to some aspect of modernism, or to have emerged or developed in its aftermath....
 works.

By the end of the 1970s, when cultural critics began speaking of "The End of Painting" (the title of a provocative essay written in 1981 by Douglas Crimp), new media art
New media art

New media art is an art genre that encompasses artworks created with new media technology, including digital art, computer graphics, computer animation, virtual art, Internet art, interactive art technologies, computer robotics, and art as biotechnology....
 had become a category in itself, with a growing number of artists experimenting with technological means such as video art
Video art

Video art is a type of art which relies on moving pictures and comprises video and/or sound reproduction data. . Video art came into existence during the 1960s and 1970s, is still widely practiced and has given rise to the widespread use of video installations....
. Painting assumed renewed importance in the 1980s and 1990s, as evidenced by the rise of neo-expressionism
Neo-expressionism

Neo-expressionism was a style of Modernism painting that emerged in the late 1970s and dominated the art market until the mid-1980s. Related to American Lyrical Abstraction it developed in Europe as a reaction against the conceptual and minimalism art of the 1970s....
 and the revival of figurative painting
Figurative art

Figurative art, sometimes written as figurativism, describes artwork - particularly paintings and sculptures - which are clearly derived from real object sources, and are therefore by definition representation ....
.

Art movements and artist groups

(Roughly chronological with representative artists listed.)

Modern art

19th century


  • Romanticism
    Romanticism

    Romanticism is a complex artistic, literary, and intellectual movement that originated in the second half of the 18th century in Western Europe, and gained strength during the Industrial Revolution....
     the Romantic movement - Francisco de Goya, J. M. W. Turner
    J. M. W. Turner

    Joseph Mallord William Turner Royal Academy was an English Romanticism Landscape art, watercolourist and printmaker, whose style is said to have laid the foundation for Impressionism....
    , Eugène Delacroix
    Eugène Delacroix

    Ferdinand Victor Eug?ne Delacroix was a France Romanticism artist regarded from the outset of his career as the leader of the French Romantic school....
  • Realism
    Realism (visual arts)

    Realism is a visual art style that depicts the actuality of what the eyes can see. Realists render everyday life characters, situations, dilemmas, and objects, all in verisimilitude....
     - Gustave Courbet
    Gustave Courbet

    Jean D?sir? Gustave Courbet was a France Painting who led the realism movement in 19th-century French painting....
    , Camille Corot, Jean-François Millet
    Jean-François Millet

    Jean-Fran?ois Millet was a French Painting and one of the founders of the Barbizon school in rural France. Millet is noted for his scenes of peasant farmers; he can be categorized as part of the Naturalism and Realism movements....
  • Impressionism
    Impressionism

    Impressionism was a 19th-century art movement that began as a loose association of Paris-based artists art exhibition their art publicly in the 1860s....
     - Edgar Degas
    Edgar Degas

    Edgar Degas , born Hilaire-Germain-Edgar Degas , was a French artist famous for his work in painting, sculpture, printmaking and drawing. He is regarded as one of the founders of Impressionism although he rejected the term, and preferred to be called a realist....
    , Édouard Manet
    Édouard Manet

    ?douard Manet , 23 January 1832 – 30 April 1883, was a French Painting. One of the first nineteenth century artists to approach modern-life subjects, he was a pivotal figure in the transition from realism to Impressionism....
    , Claude Monet
    Claude Monet

    Claude Monet also known as Oscar-Claude Monet or Claude Oscar Monet was a founder of French impressionism painting, and the most consistent and prolific practitioner of the movement's philosophy of expressing one's perceptions before nature, especially as applied to plein-air landscape painting....
    , Camille Pissarro
    Camille Pissarro

    Camille Pissarro was a French Impressionist Painting. His importance resides not only in his visual contributions to Impressionism and Post-Impressionism, but also in his patriarchal standing among his colleagues, particularly Paul C?zanne and Paul Gauguin....
    , Alfred Sisley
    Alfred Sisley

    Alfred Sisley was an English Impressionism Landscape art Painting who was born and spent most of his life in France. Sisley is recognized as perhaps the most consistent of the Impressionists, never deviating into figure painting or finding that the movement did not fulfill his artistic needs....
  • Post-impressionism
    Post-Impressionism

    Post-Impressionism is the term coined by the British artist and art critic Roger Fry in 1910 to describe the development of French art since Edouard Manet....
     - Georges Seurat, Paul Cézanne
    Paul Cézanne

    Paul C?zanne was a French artist and Post-Impressionist Painting whose work laid the foundations of the transition from the 19th century conception of artistic endeavour to a new and radically different world of art in the 20th century....
    , Paul Gauguin
    Paul Gauguin

    Eug?ne Henri Paul Gauguin was a leading Post-Impressionism Painting. His bold experimentation with coloring led directly to the Synthetism style of modern art while his expression of the inherent meaning of the subjects in his paintings, under the influence of the cloisonnist style, paved the way to Primitivism and the return to the pastoral...
    , Vincent van Gogh
    Vincent van Gogh

    Vincent Willem van Gogh was a Dutch people Post-Impressionism artist. Some of his paintings are now among the world's best known, most popular and expensive works of art....
    , Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec
    Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec

    Henri Marie Raymond de Toulouse-Lautrec-Monfa or simply Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec was a French Painting, printmaking, drawing, and illustrator, whose immersion in the colourful and theatrical life of fin de si?cle Paris yielded an oeuvre of exciting, elegant and provocative images of the modern and sometimes decadent life of thos...
    , Henri Rousseau
    Henri Rousseau

    Henri Julien F?lix Rousseau was a France Post-Impressionism painter in the Na?ve art or Primitivism manner. He is also known as Le Douanier after his place of employment....
  • Symbolism
    Symbolism (arts)

    Symbolism was a late nineteenth-century art movement of French and Belgium origin in symbolist poetry and other arts....
     - Gustave Moreau
    Gustave Moreau

    Gustave Moreau was a France Symbolist painters whose main focus was the illustration of Bible and mythological figures. As a painter of literary ideas rather than visual images, Moreau appealed to the imaginations of some Symbolism writers and artists, who saw him as a precursor to their movement....
    , Odilon Redon
    Odilon Redon

    Bertrand-Jean Redon, better known as Odilon Redon was a Symbolist painters and printmaker, born in Bordeaux, Aquitaine, France....
    , James Ensor
    James Ensor

    James Sidney Edouard, Baron Ensor was a Belgium Painting and printmaker, an important influence on expressionism and surrealism who lived in Ostend for almost his entire life....
  • Les Nabis
    Les Nabis

    Les Nabis were a group of Post-Impressionism avant-garde artists who set the pace for fine arts and graphic arts in France in the 1890s. Initially a group of friends interested in contemporary art and literature, most of them studied at the private art school of Rodolphe Julian in Paris in the late 1880s....
     - Pierre Bonnard
    Pierre Bonnard

    Pierre Bonnard was a French Painting and printmaker, a founding member of Les Nabis....
    , Edouard Vuillard
    Édouard Vuillard

    Jean-?douard Vuillard was a France painting and printmaking associated with the Les Nabis....
    , Félix Vallotton
    Félix Vallotton

    F?lix Edouard Vallotton was a Switzerland painter and printmaking associated with Les Nabis. He was an important figure in the development of the modern woodcut....
  • pre-Modernist Sculptors - Aristide Maillol
    Aristide Maillol

    Aristide Maillol or Aristides Maillol was a France Catalans Sculpture and Painting....
    , Auguste Rodin


Early 20th century (before WWI)


  • Art Nouveau
    Art Nouveau

    Art Nouveau is an international Art movement and style of art, architecture and applied art?especially the decorative arts?that peaked in popularity at Fin de si?cle of the 20th century ....
     & variants - Jugendstil, Modern Style, Modernisme
    Modernisme

    See also: ModernismModernisme also known, in English language, as Catalan modernism, was the Catalonia equivalent to a number of fin-de-si?cle art movements, such as Symbolism , Decadent movement and Art Nouveau / Jugendstil, from roughly 1888 to 1911....
     - Aubrey Beardsley
    Aubrey Beardsley

    Aubrey Vincent Beardsley was an English illustration and author....
    , Alphonse Mucha, Gustav Klimt
    Gustav Klimt

    Gustav Klimt was an Austrian Symbolism and one of the most prominent members of the Vienna Art Nouveau movement. His major works include paintings, murals, Sketch , and other art objects, many of which are on display in the Vienna Secession gallery....
    ,
  • Art Nouveau
    Art Nouveau

    Art Nouveau is an international Art movement and style of art, architecture and applied art?especially the decorative arts?that peaked in popularity at Fin de si?cle of the 20th century ....
     Architecture
    Architecture

    The term architecture can refer to a process, a profession or documentation.As a process, architecture is the activity of designing and construction buildings and other physical structures by a person or a computer, primarily to provide shelter....
     & Design
    Design

    Design is used both as a noun and a verb. The term is often tied to the various applied arts and engineering . As a verb, "to design" refers to the process of originating and planning for a product, structure, system, or component with intention....
     - Antoni Gaudí
    Antoni Gaudí

    Antoni Pl?cid Guillem Gaud? i Cornet ? in English sometimes referred to by the Spanish language translation of his name, Antonio Gaud? ? was a Spain Catalonia architecture who belonged to the Modernisme movement and was famous for his unique and highly individualistic designs....
    , Otto Wagner
    Otto Wagner

    Otto Koloman Wagner was an Austrian architect.Wagner was born in Penzing , a suburb of Vienna. He studied in Berlin and Vienna. In 1864, he started designing his first buildings in the historicist style....
    , Wiener Werkstätte
    Wiener Werkstätte

    Established in 1903, the Wiener Werkst?tte was a production community of visual artists. The workshop brought together architects, artists and designers whose first commitment was to design art which would be accessible to everyone....
    , Josef Hoffmann
    Josef Hoffmann

    Josef Hoffmann...
    , Adolf Loos
    Adolf Loos

    Adolf Loos was one of the most important and influential Austrian and Czechoslovak architects of European Modern architecture. In his essay "Ornament and Crime" he repudiated the florid style of the Vienna Secession, the Austrian version of Art Nouveau....
    , Koloman Moser
    Koloman Moser

    Koloman Moser was an Austrian artist who exerted considerable influence on twentieth-century graphic art and one of the foremost artists of the Vienna Secession movement and a co-founder of Wiener Werkst?tte....
  • Fauvism
    Fauvism

    Les Fauves were a short-lived and loose grouping of early 20th century Modern artists whose works emphasized painterly qualities and strong colour over the Realism or Representation values retained by Impressionism....
     - André Derain
    André Derain

    Andr? Derain was a French painter and co-founder of Fauvism with Henri Matisse....
    , Henri Matisse
    Henri Matisse

    Henri Matisse was a France artist, known for his use of colour and his fluid, brilliant and original draftsmanship. As a drawing, printmaking, and Sculpture, but principally as a Painting, Matisse is one of the best-known artists of the 20th century....
    , Maurice de Vlaminck
    Maurice de Vlaminck

    Maurice de Vlaminck was a France Painting. Along with Andr? Derain and Henri Matisse he is considered one of the principal figures in the Fauvism movement, a group of modern artists who from 1904 to 1908 were united in their use of intense color....
  • Expressionism
    Expressionism

    Expressionism is the tendency of an artist to distort reality for an emotional effect; it is a subjective art form. Expressionism is exhibited in many art forms, including painting, literature, theatre, film, Expressionist architecture and Expressionism ....
     - Egon Schiele
    Egon Schiele

    Egon Schiele was an Austrian painters. A prot?g? of Gustav Klimt, Schiele was a major figurative painter of the early 20th century.Schiele's work is noted for its intensity, and the many self-portraits the artist produced....
    , Oskar Kokoschka
    Oskar Kokoschka

    Oskar Kokoschka was an Austrian artist, poet and playwright, best known for his intense Expressionism portraits and landscapes.Kokoschka's early career was marked by portraits of Vienna celebrities, painted in a nervously animated style....
    , Edvard Munch
    Edvard Munch

    Edvard Munch was a Norway Symbolism Painting, printmaker, and an important forerunner of Expressionism. His best-known composition, The Scream is one of the pieces in a series titled The Frieze of Life, in which Munch explored the themes of life, love, fear, death, and melancholy....
    , Emil Nolde
    Emil Nolde

    Emil Nolde was a Germany Painting and printmaker. He was one of the first expressionism, a member of Die Br?cke, and is considered to be one of the great oil painting and watercolor painters of the 20th century....
  • Die Brücke
    Die Brücke

    Die Br?cke was a group of German expressionist artists formed in Dresden in 1905, after which the Br?cke Museum in Berlin was named. Founding members were Fritz Bleyl, Erich Heckel, Ernst Ludwig Kirchner and Karl Schmidt-Rottluff....
     - Ernst Ludwig Kirchner
    Ernst Ludwig Kirchner

    Ernst Ludwig Kirchner was a Germany Expressionism Painting and printmaker and one of the founders of the artists group Die Br?cke or "The Bridge", a key group leading to the foundation of Expressionism in 20th century art....
  • Der Blaue Reiter
    Der Blaue Reiter

    Der Blaue Reiter was a group of artists from the Neue K?nstlervereinigung M?nchen in Munich, Germany. Der Blaue Reiter was a German movement lasting from 1911 to 1914, fundamental to Expressionism, along with Die Br?cke which was founded the previous decade in 1905....
     - Wassily Kandinsky
    Wassily Kandinsky

    Wassily Wassilyevich Kandinsky was a Russian Painting, printmaker and art theorist. One of the most famous 20th-century artists, he is credited with painting the first modern abstract art works....
    , Franz Marc
    Franz Marc

    Franz Marc was one of the principal Paintings and printmaking of the German Expressionist movement. He was a founding member of "Der Blaue Reiter" , an almanac the name of which later became synonymous with the circle of artists collaborating in it....
  • Cubism
    Cubism

    Cubism was a 20th century avant-garde art movement, pioneered by Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque, that revolutionized European painting and sculpture, and inspired related movements in music and literature....
     - Georges Braque
    Georges Braque

    Georges Braque was a major 20th century French Painting and sculpture who, along with Pablo Picasso, developed the art movement known as cubism....
    , Pablo Picasso
    Pablo Picasso

    Pablo Diego Jos? Francisco de Paula Juan Nepomuceno Mar?a de los Remedios Cipriano de la Sant?sima Trinidad Ruiz y Picasso was a Spanish people Painting, drawing, and Sculpture....
  • Orphism - Robert Delaunay
    Robert Delaunay

    Robert Delaunay was a French artist who used Orphism , which is similar to abstract art, abstraction and cubism in his work. Delaunay concentrated on Orphism, while his later works were more abstract art, reminiscent of Paul Klee....
    , Jacques Villon
    Jacques Villon

    Jacques Villon was a French cubist painter and printmaker....
  • Synchromism
    Synchromism

    Synchromism was an art movement founded in 1912 by United States of America artists Stanton MacDonald-Wright and Morgan Russell.Synchromism is based on the idea that color and sound are similar phenomena, and that the colors in a painting can be orchestrated in the same harmonious way that a composer arranges notes in a symphony....
     - Stanton MacDonald-Wright
    Stanton Macdonald-Wright

    Stanton MacDonald-Wright , was a United States of America Abstract art Painting. One of his significant achievements was co-founding the Synchromism movement in 1913....
    , Morgan Russell
    Morgan Russell

    Morgan Russell was a United States abstract art Painting. He was born and raised in New York City in 1886. He was along with artist Stanton Macdonald-Wright the founder of Synchromism an important modernist movement in early 20th century art....
  • Pre-Surrealism
    Surrealism

    Surrealism is a cultural movement that began in the early-1920s, and is best known for the visual artworks and writings of the group members....
     - Giorgio de Chirico
    Giorgio de Chirico

    Giorgio de Chirico was an influential Surrealism and then Surrealist Greeks-Italian people Painting born in Volos, Greece, to a Genovese mother and a Sicilian father....
    , Marc Chagall
    Marc Chagall

    Marc Chagall ; [shuh-GAHL] , was a Jewish Russians artist, born in Belarus and naturalized France in 1937, associated with several key art movements and was one of the most successful artists of the twentieth century....
  • Futurism
    Futurism (art)

    Futurism was an art Art movement that originated in Italy in the early 20th century. It was largely an Italian phenomenon, though there were parallel movements in Russia, England and elsewhere....
     - Giacomo Balla
    Giacomo Balla

    Giacomo Balla was an Italian painter....
    , Umberto Boccioni
    Umberto Boccioni

    Umberto Boccioni was a painter and a sculpture. Like other Futurism, his work centered on the portrayal of movement , speed, and technology....
    , Carlo Carrà
    Carlo Carrà

    Carlo Carr? was an Italy Painting, a leading figure of the Futurism movement that flourished in Italy during the beginning of the 20th century....
  • Vorticism
    Vorticism

    Vorticism was a short lived United Kingdom art movement of the early 20th century. It is considered to be the only significant British movement of the early 20th century but lasted fewer than three years....
     - Wyndham Lewis
    Wyndham Lewis

    Percy Wyndham Lewis was an England Painting and author . He was a co-founder of the Vorticist movement in art, and edited the literary magazine of the Vorticists, BLAST ....
  • Russian avant-garde
    Russian avant-garde

    File:Klutsis 1920.jpgThe Russian avant-garde is an umbrella term used to define the large, influential wave of modern art that flourished in Russia from approximately 1890 to 1930 - although some place its beginning as early as 1850 and its end as late as 1960....
     - Kasimir Malevich, Natalia Goncharova
    Natalia Goncharova

    Natalia Sergeevna Goncharova was a Russian avant-garde artist , Painting and costume designer. Her great-aunt was Natalia Pushkina, wife of the poet Alexander Pushkin....
    , Mikhail Larionov
    Mikhail Larionov

    Mikhail Fyodorovich Larionov was an avant-garde Russian painter....
  • Sculpture
    Sculpture

    Sculpture is Three-dimensional space artwork created by shaping or combining hard and or plastic material, sound, and or text and or light, commonly Stone sculpture , metal, glass, or wood....
     - Pablo Picasso
    Pablo Picasso

    Pablo Diego Jos? Francisco de Paula Juan Nepomuceno Mar?a de los Remedios Cipriano de la Sant?sima Trinidad Ruiz y Picasso was a Spanish people Painting, drawing, and Sculpture....
    , Henri Matisse
    Henri Matisse

    Henri Matisse was a France artist, known for his use of colour and his fluid, brilliant and original draftsmanship. As a drawing, printmaking, and Sculpture, but principally as a Painting, Matisse is one of the best-known artists of the 20th century....
    , Constantin Brancusi
    Constantin Brancusi

    Constantin Br?ncusi ), was an internationally renowned Romanian sculpture whose sculptures, which blend simplicity and sophistication, led the way for modern art sculptors....
  • Photography
    Photography

    Photography is the process, activity and art of creating still or moving by recording radiation on a sensitive medium, such as a photographic film, or an ....
     - Pictorialism
    Pictorialism

    ?Pictorialism was a photography movement in vogue from around 1885 following the widespread introduction of the dry-plate process. It reached its height in the early years of the 20th century, and declined rapidly after 1914 after the widespread emergence of Modernism....
    , Straight photography
    Straight photography

    Pure photography refers to photography that attempts to depict a scene as Realism and Objectivity as permitted by the medium, renouncing the use of photo manipulation....


WWI to WWII

  • Dada
    Dada

    Dada or Dadaism is a cultural movement that began in Z?rich, Switzerland, during World War I and peaked from 1916 to 1922. The movement primarily involved visual arts, literature?poetry, art manifestoes, aesthetics?theatre, and graphic design, and concentrated its anti-war politics through a rejection of the prevailing standards in art...
     - Jean Arp
    Jean Arp

    Jean Arp / Hans Arp was a German-French sculptor, painter, poet and abstract artist in other media such as torn and pasted paper.Arp was born in Strasbourg....
    , Marcel Duchamp
    Marcel Duchamp

    Marcel Duchamp was a France artist whose work is most often associated with the Dada and Surrealism movements. Duchamp's output influenced the development of post-World War I Western art....
    , Max Ernst
    Max Ernst

    Max Ernst was a German Painting, sculptor, graphic artist, and poet. A prolific artist, Ernst is considered to be one of the primary pioneers of Dada movement and Surrealism....
    , Francis Picabia
    Francis Picabia

    Francis Picabia was a well-known painter and poet born of a France mother and a Spain father who was an attach? at the Cuban legation in Paris, France....
    , Kurt Schwitters
    Kurt Schwitters

    Kurt Hermann Eduard Karl Julius Schwitters was a German painters who was born in Hanover, Germany. Schwitters worked in several genres and media, including Dada, Constructivism , Surrealism, poetry, sound, painting, sculpture, graphic design, typography and what came to be known as installation art....
  • Synthetic Cubism - Georges Braque
    Georges Braque

    Georges Braque was a major 20th century French Painting and sculpture who, along with Pablo Picasso, developed the art movement known as cubism....
    , Juan Gris
    Juan Gris

    Jos? Victoriano Gonz?lez-P?rez , better known as Juan Gris, was a Spanish Painting and sculptor who lived and worked in France most of his life....
    , Fernand Léger
    Fernand Léger

    Joseph Fernand Henri L?ger was a France painting, sculpture, and film director....
    , Pablo Picasso
    Pablo Picasso

    Pablo Diego Jos? Francisco de Paula Juan Nepomuceno Mar?a de los Remedios Cipriano de la Sant?sima Trinidad Ruiz y Picasso was a Spanish people Painting, drawing, and Sculpture....
  • Pittura Metafisica - Giorgio de Chirico
    Giorgio de Chirico

    Giorgio de Chirico was an influential Surrealism and then Surrealist Greeks-Italian people Painting born in Volos, Greece, to a Genovese mother and a Sicilian father....
    , Carlo Carrà
    Carlo Carrà

    Carlo Carr? was an Italy Painting, a leading figure of the Futurism movement that flourished in Italy during the beginning of the 20th century....
  • De Stijl
    De Stijl

    De Stijl , also known as neoplasticism, was a Dutch artistic movement founded in 1917. In a narrower sense, the term De Stijl is used to refer to a body of work from 1917 to 1931 founded in the Netherlands....
     - Theo van Doesburg
    Theo van Doesburg

    Theo van Doesburg was a Netherlands artist, practicing in painting, writing, poetry and architecture. He is best known as the founder and leader of De Stijl....
    , Piet Mondrian
    Piet Mondrian

    Pieter Cornelis Mondriaan, after 1912 Mondrian, , was a Dutch people Painting.He was an important contributor to the De Stijl art movement and group, which was founded by Theo van Doesburg....
  • Expressionism
    Expressionism

    Expressionism is the tendency of an artist to distort reality for an emotional effect; it is a subjective art form. Expressionism is exhibited in many art forms, including painting, literature, theatre, film, Expressionist architecture and Expressionism ....
     - Egon Schiele
    Egon Schiele

    Egon Schiele was an Austrian painters. A prot?g? of Gustav Klimt, Schiele was a major figurative painter of the early 20th century.Schiele's work is noted for its intensity, and the many self-portraits the artist produced....
    , Amedeo Modigliani
    Amedeo Modigliani

    Amedeo Clemente Modigliani was an Italian artist of Jewish heritage, practising both painting and sculpture, who pursued his career for the most part in France....
    , and Chaim Soutine
    Chaim Soutine

    Cha?m Soutine was a Jewish expressionist Painting from Belarus. He has been interpreted as both a forerunner of Abstract Expressionism and as a proponent of painting in the European tradition exemplified by the works of Rembrandt, Jean-Baptiste-Sim?on Chardin, and Courbet....
  • New Objectivity
    New Objectivity

    The New Objectivity , was an art movement that arose in Germany in the early 1920s as an outgrowth of, and in opposition to, expressionism. The movement essentially ended in 1933 with the fall of the Weimar Republic and the rise of the Nazis to power....
     - Max Beckmann
    Max Beckmann

    Max Beckmann was a Germany Painting, drawing, printmaker, sculpture, and writer. Although he is usually classified as an Expressionist artist, he rejected both the term and the movement....
    , Otto Dix
    Otto Dix

    Wilhelm Heinrich Otto Dix // was a Germany painter and printmaker. Noted for his ruthless and harshly realistic depictions of Weimar Republic society and of the brutality of war, he, along with George Grosz, is widely considered one of the most important artists of the New Objectivity....
    , George Grosz
    George Grosz

    George Grosz was a Germany artist known especially for his savagely caricature drawings of Berlin life in the 1920s. He was a prominent member of the Berlin Dada and New Objectivity group during the Weimar Republic before he emigrated to the United States in 1932....
  • Figurative painting - Henri Matisse
    Henri Matisse

    Henri Matisse was a France artist, known for his use of colour and his fluid, brilliant and original draftsmanship. As a drawing, printmaking, and Sculpture, but principally as a Painting, Matisse is one of the best-known artists of the 20th century....
    , Pierre Bonnard
    Pierre Bonnard

    Pierre Bonnard was a French Painting and printmaker, a founding member of Les Nabis....
  • Constructivism
    Constructivism (art)

    Constructivism was an artistic and architecture movement that originated in Russia from 1919 onward which rejected the idea of "art for art's sake" in favour of art as a practice directed towards social purposes....
     - Naum Gabo
    Naum Gabo

    Naum Gabo Order of the British Empire, born Naum Neemia Pevsner was a prominent Russian sculpture in the Constructivism movement and a pioneer of Kinetic Art....
    , László Moholy-Nagy
    László Moholy-Nagy

    L?szl? Moholy-Nagy , July 20, 1895 – November 24, 1946) was a Hungary Painting and photographer as well as professor in the Bauhaus school....
    , El Lissitzky
    El Lissitzky

    , better known as El Lissitzky , was a Russian artist, designer, photographer, typographer, polemicist and architect. He was an important figure of the Russian avant garde, helping develop suprematism with his mentor, Kazimir Malevich, and designing numerous Art exhibition displays and propaganda works for the former Soviet Union....
    , Kasimir Malevich, Alexander Rodchenko
    Alexander Rodchenko

    Aleksander Mikhailovich Rodchenko was a Russian artist, sculpture, photographer and Graphic Design. He was one of the founders of Constructivism and Russian design; he was married to the artist Varvara Stepanova....
    , Vladimir Tatlin
    Vladimir Tatlin

    Vladimir Yevgrafovich Tatlin worked as a painter and architect. With Kazimir Malevich he was one of the two most important figures in the Russian avant-garde art movement of the 1920s, and he later became the most important artist in the Constructivism movement....
  • Surrealism
    Surrealism

    Surrealism is a cultural movement that began in the early-1920s, and is best known for the visual artworks and writings of the group members....
     - Jean Arp
    Jean Arp

    Jean Arp / Hans Arp was a German-French sculptor, painter, poet and abstract artist in other media such as torn and pasted paper.Arp was born in Strasbourg....
    , Salvador Dalí
    Salvador Dalí

    Salvador Domingo Felipe Jacinto Dal? i Dom?nech, 1st Marquis of P?bol was a Spain Catalonia surrealist painter born in Figueres.Dal? was a skilled Technical drawing, best known for the striking and bizarre images in his surrealism work....
    , Max Ernst
    Max Ernst

    Max Ernst was a German Painting, sculptor, graphic artist, and poet. A prolific artist, Ernst is considered to be one of the primary pioneers of Dada movement and Surrealism....
    , René Magritte
    René Magritte

    Ren? Fran?ois Ghislain Magritte was a List of Belgians surrealist artist. He became well known for a number of witty and thought-provoking images....
    , André Masson
    André Masson

    Andr?-Aim?-Ren? Masson was a France artist.Masson was born in Balagny-sur-Th?rain, near Senlis in Picardy, but was brought up in Belgium. He studied art in Brussels and Paris....
    , Joan Miró
    Joan Miró

    Joan Mir? i Ferr? was a Spain Catalonia painting, sculpture and Ceramics born in Barcelona.Earning international acclaim, his work has been interpreted as Surrealism, a sandbox for the subconscious mind, a re-creation of the childlike, and a manifestation of Catalan pride....
    , Marc Chagall
    Marc Chagall

    Marc Chagall ; [shuh-GAHL] , was a Jewish Russians artist, born in Belarus and naturalized France in 1937, associated with several key art movements and was one of the most successful artists of the twentieth century....
  • Bauhaus
    Bauhaus

    ' is the common term for the ', a school in Germany that combined crafts and the fine arts, and was famous for the approach to design that it publicized and taught....
     - Wassily Kandinsky
    Wassily Kandinsky

    Wassily Wassilyevich Kandinsky was a Russian Painting, printmaker and art theorist. One of the most famous 20th-century artists, he is credited with painting the first modern abstract art works....
    , Paul Klee
    Paul Klee

    Paul Klee was a Switzerland Painting of Germany nationality. His highly individual style was influenced by many different art trends, including expressionism, cubism, and surrealism....
    , Josef Albers
    Josef Albers

    Josef Albers was a Germany-born United States artist and educator whose work, both in Europe and in the United States, formed the basis of some of the most influential and far-reaching art education programs of the 20th century....
  • Sculpture
    Sculpture

    Sculpture is Three-dimensional space artwork created by shaping or combining hard and or plastic material, sound, and or text and or light, commonly Stone sculpture , metal, glass, or wood....
     - Alexander Calder
    Alexander Calder

    Alexander Calder , also known as Sandy Calder, was an United States Sculpture and artist most famous for inventing the mobile . In addition to mobile and stabile sculpture, Alexander Calder also created paintings, lithography, toys, tapestry and jewelry, and designed carpets....
    , Alberto Giacometti
    Alberto Giacometti

    Alberto Giacometti was a Switzerland Sculpture, Painting, drawing, and printmaking....
    , René Iché
    René Iché

    Ren? Ich? was a 20th century French sculpture....
    , Gaston Lachaise
    Gaston Lachaise

    Gaston Lachaise was a French-American sculpture, active in the early 20th century. A native of Paris he was most noted for his female nudes such as Standing Woman....
    , Henry Moore
    Henry Moore

    Henry Spencer Moore Order of Merit Companion of Honour Federation of British Artists was an English artist and Sculpture. He is best known for his abstract art monumental bronze sculptures which are located around the world as Public art....
    , Pablo Picasso
    Pablo Picasso

    Pablo Diego Jos? Francisco de Paula Juan Nepomuceno Mar?a de los Remedios Cipriano de la Sant?sima Trinidad Ruiz y Picasso was a Spanish people Painting, drawing, and Sculpture....
    , Julio Gonzalez
    Julio González (sculptor)

    Julio Gonz?lez was a Spain Abstract art, cubist Painting and sculpture....
  • Scottish Colourists
    Scottish Colourists

    The Scottish Colourists were a group of painters from Scotland whose work was not very highly regarded when it was first exhibited in the 1920s and 1930s, but which in the late 20th Century came to have a formative influence on contemporary Scottish art....
     - Francis Cadell
    Francis Cadell (artist)

    Francis Campbell Boileau Cadell was a Scotland Painting associated with the Scottish Colourists....
    , Samuel Peploe
    Samuel Peploe

    Samuel John Peploe was a Scottish people Post-Impressionism Painting, noted for his still life works and for being one of the group of four painters that became known as the Scottish Colourists....
    , Leslie Hunter, John Duncan Fergusson
    John Duncan Fergusson

    John Duncan Fergusson was a Scotland artist, regarded as one of the major artists of the Scottish Colourists school of painting.Fergusson was born on 9 March 1874 at 7 Crown Street in Leith, Edinburgh....
  • Suprematism
    Suprematism

    Suprematism : is an art movement focused on fundamental geometric forms which formed in Russia in 1915-1916.When Kasimir Malevich originated Suprematism in 1915 he was an established painter having exhibited in the Donkey's Tail and the Der Blaue Reiter exhibitions of 1912 with cubo-futurism works....
     - Kazimir Malevich
    Kazimir Malevich

    Kazimir Severinovich Malevich , was a Painting and art theoretician, pioneer of geometric abstract art and the originator of the Avant-garde Suprematist movement....
    , Aleksandra Ekster
    Aleksandra Ekster

    Aleksandra Aleksandrovna Ekster was a Russian-Ukraine Painting , designer, and one of the founders of Art Deco....
    , Olga Rozanova
    Olga Rozanova

    Olga Vladimirovna Rozanova...
    , Nadezhda Udaltsova
    Nadezhda Udaltsova

    Nadezhda Udaltsova was a Russian avant-garde artist and Painting....
    , Ivan Kliun
    Ivan Kliun

    Ivan Kliun was a Russian Painting, Avant-garde artist , graphic artist and sculptor....
    , Lyubov Popova
    Lyubov Popova

    Lyubov Sergeyevna Popova was a Russian avant-garde artist , Painting and designer....
    , Nikolai Suetin
    Nikolai Suetin

    Nikolai Suetin was a Russian Suprematist artist. He worked as a graphic artist, a designer, and a ceramics painter.Suetin studied at the High Institute of Art, Vitebsk under Kazimir Malevich, founder of Suprematism, an early abstract art movement which developed a style based on 'non objective' geometric shapes in alignment....
    , Nina Genke-Meller
    Nina Genke-Meller

    Nina Genke or Nina Genke-Meller, or Nina Henke-Meller, was a Ukraine-Russian avant-garde artist, , designer, graphic artist and scenographer....
    , Ivan Puni
    Ivan Puni

    Ivan Puni or Puny was a Russian avant-garde artist ....
    , Ksenia Boguslavskaya
    Ksenia Boguslavskaya

    Ksenia or Kseniya Boguslavskaya - Russian avant-garde artist poet and interior decorator. Her husband Ivan Puni was also a notable painter. She seems to be the originator of the Mavva in poems of Velemir Khlebnikov....


After WWII

  • Figuratifs
    Figurative art

    Figurative art, sometimes written as figurativism, describes artwork - particularly paintings and sculptures - which are clearly derived from real object sources, and are therefore by definition representation ....
     - Bernard Buffet
    Bernard Buffet

    Bernard Buffet was a France painter of Expressionism and Member of the Anti-Abstract Art Group "L 'homme T?moin"....
    , Jean Carzou
    Jean Carzou

    Jean Carzou , born Garnik Zouloumian, was a French-Armenian artist. Jean arrived in Paris in 1924 to study architecture. He started working as a theater decorator but he then quickly realized he preferred drawing and painting....
    , Maurice Boitel
    Maurice Boitel

    Maurice Boitel , was a France Painting....
    , Daniel du Janerand
    Daniel du Janerand

    Daniel du Janerand was a French painter artistborn in the "Marais", center of Paris, on July 18, 1919....
    , Claude-Max Lochu
    Claude-Max Lochu

    French artist, painter and designer, Claude-Max Lochu was born in 1951 in Delle in Franche-Comt? completed his degree at the ?cole des Beaux-Arts of Besan?on....
  • Sculpture
    Sculpture

    Sculpture is Three-dimensional space artwork created by shaping or combining hard and or plastic material, sound, and or text and or light, commonly Stone sculpture , metal, glass, or wood....
     - Henry Moore
    Henry Moore

    Henry Spencer Moore Order of Merit Companion of Honour Federation of British Artists was an English artist and Sculpture. He is best known for his abstract art monumental bronze sculptures which are located around the world as Public art....
    , David Smith
    David Smith (sculptor)

    David Roland Smith was an United States Abstract Expressionism sculptor best known for creating large steel abstract geometric sculptures....
    , Tony Smith
    Tony Smith (sculptor)

    Tony Smith was an United States sculptor, visual artist, and a noted theorist on art.Tony Smith was born in South Orange, New Jersey. He first trained as an architect and in 1939 began working for Frank Lloyd Wright and was introduced to Wright's module concrete blocks....
    , Alexander Calder
    Alexander Calder

    Alexander Calder , also known as Sandy Calder, was an United States Sculpture and artist most famous for inventing the mobile . In addition to mobile and stabile sculpture, Alexander Calder also created paintings, lithography, toys, tapestry and jewelry, and designed carpets....
    , Isamu Noguchi
    Isamu Noguchi

    was a prominent Japanese American artist and landscape architecture whose artistic career spanned six decades, from the 1920s onward. Known for his sculpture and public works, Noguchi also designed stage sets for various Martha Graham productions, and several mass-produced lamps and furniture pieces, some of which are still manufactured and sold....
    , Alberto Giacometti
    Alberto Giacometti

    Alberto Giacometti was a Switzerland Sculpture, Painting, drawing, and printmaking....
    , Sir Anthony Caro, Jean Dubuffet
    Jean Dubuffet

    Jean Philippe Arthur Dubuffet was one of the most famous France Paintings and sculpture of the second half of the 20th century....
    , Isaac Witkin
    Isaac Witkin

    Isaac Witkin, internationally renowned modern sculptor, was born in Johannesburg, South Africa on May 10, 1936, and he died April 23, 2006. Witkin entered St Martin?s School of Art in London, in 1957....
    , René Iché
    René Iché

    Ren? Ich? was a 20th century French sculpture....
    , Marino Marini
    Marino Marini

    Marino Marini was an Italy sculpture.Born in Pistoia, Marini is particularly famous for his series of stylised equestrian sculpture statues, which feature a man with outstretched arms on a horse....
    , Louise Nevelson
  • Abstract expressionism
    Abstract expressionism

    Abstract expressionism was an American post?World War II art movement. It was the first specifically American movement to achieve worldwide influence and also the one that put New York City at the center of the art world, a role formerly filled by Paris....
     - Willem de Kooning
    Willem de Kooning

    Willem de Kooning was an abstract expressionist artist, born in Rotterdam, the Netherlands.In the post-World War II era, de Kooning painted in a style that came to be referred to variously as Abstract expressionism, Action painting, and the New York School....
    , Jackson Pollock
    Jackson Pollock

    Paul Jackson Pollock was an influential American painter and a major force in the abstract expressionism movement. In October 1945, he married the artist Lee Krasner....
    , Hans Hofmann
    Hans Hofmann

    Hans Hofmann was a German-born American abstract expressionism painter. He was born in Wei?enburg in Bayern, Bavaria on March 21, 1880 the son of Theodor and Franziska Hofmann....
    , Franz Kline
    Franz Kline

    Franz Kline was an American painter mainly associated with the Abstract Expressionism painters who were centered, geographically, around New York, and temporally, in the 1940s and 1950s; but not limited to that setting....
    , Robert Motherwell
    Robert Motherwell

    Robert Motherwell was an Visual arts of the United States abstract expressionism Painting and printmaker. He was one of the youngest of the New York School , which also included Jackson Pollock, Mark Rothko, Willem de Kooning, and Philip Guston...
    , Clyfford Still
    Clyfford Still

    Clyfford Still was an United States Painting, and one of the leading figures of Abstract Expressionism....
    , Hans Hartung
    Hans Hartung

    Hans Hartung was a Germans-French people painter, known for his gestural abstract art style. He was also a decorated World War II veteran of the French Foreign Legion....
  • American Abstract Artists
    American Abstract Artists

    American Abstract Artists was formed in 1936 in New York City, to promote and foster public understanding of abstract art. American Abstract Artists exhibitions, publications, and lectures helped to establish the organization as a major forum for the exchange and discussion of ideas, and for presenting abstract art to a broader public....
     - Lee Krasner
    Lee Krasner

    Lee Krasner was an influential abstract expressionism painter in the second half of the 20th century.On October 25th 1945, she married artist Jackson Pollock, who was also influential in the Abstract Expressionism movement....
    , Ibram Lassaw
    Ibram Lassaw

    Ibram Lassaw is an United States sculpture, known for nonobjective construction in brazed metals....
    , Ad Reinhardt
    Ad Reinhardt

    Adolph Fredrick Reinhardt was an Abstract art active in New York beginning in the 1930s and continuing through the 1960s. He was a member of the American Abstract Artists and was a part of the movement centered around the Betty Parsons that became known as Abstract Expressionism....
    , Josef Albers
    Josef Albers

    Josef Albers was a Germany-born United States artist and educator whose work, both in Europe and in the United States, formed the basis of some of the most influential and far-reaching art education programs of the 20th century....
    , Burgoyne Diller
    Burgoyne Diller

    Burgoyne A. Diller was an American abstract painter. Many of his best-known works are characterized by Orthogonal#Art_and_architecture geometric forms that reflect his strong interest in the De Stijl movement and the work of Piet Mondrian in particular....
  • - Adolf Wölfli
    Adolf Wölfli

    Adolf W?lfli was a prolific Switzerland artist who was one of the first artists to be associated with the Art Brut or outsider art label....
    , August Natterer, Ferdinand Cheval
    Ferdinand Cheval

    Ferdinand Cheval , was a French postman who spent 33 years of his life building Le Palais Id?al in Hauterives which is regarded as an extraordinary example of na?ve art architecture....
    , Madge Gill
    Madge Gill

    Madge Gill , born Maude Ethel Eades, was an England outsider art and visionary art....
    , Paul Salvator Goldengreen
    Paul Salvator Goldengreen

    Paul Salvator Goldengreen Warburg is anartist whose work originates in Art Brut / Outsider Art....
  • Arte Povera
    Arte Povera

    The term Arte Povera was introduced in a time where artists were taking a radical stance at the end of the sixties. As in the rest of Europe and North America, the late sixties was a period of social upheaval in Italy....
     - Jannis Kounellis
    Jannis Kounellis

    Jannis Kounellis was born on March 23, 1936 in Piraeus, Greece.He studied at the Accademia di Belle Arti in Rome.In 1963, the artist introduced found objects in his paintings, among them live animals but also fire, earth, burlap sacks, gold....
    , Luciano Fabro
    Luciano Fabro

    Luciano Fabro was an Italy artist associated with the Arte Povera movement.Born in Turin, Fabro moved to Milan in 1959, continuing to live and work there until his death....
    , Mario Merz
    Mario Merz

    Mario Merz was an Italy artist....
    , Piero Manzoni
    Piero Manzoni

    Piero Manzoni was an Italy artist best known for his ironic conceptual art. Influenced by the work of Yves Klein, his own work anticipated, and directly influenced, the work of a generation of younger Italian artists brought together by the critic Germano Celant in the first Arte Povera exhibition held in Genoa, 1967 ....
    , Alighiero Boetti
    Alighiero Boetti

    Alighiero Boetti was an Italy Conceptual Art, considered to be a member of the art movement Arte Povera. He is most famous for a series of embroidered maps of the world, Mappa, created between 1971 and his death in 1994....
  • Color field painting - Barnett Newman
    Barnett Newman

    Barnett Newman was an United States artist. He is seen as one of the major figures in abstract expressionism and one of the foremost of the color field painters....
    , Mark Rothko
    Mark Rothko

    Mark Rothko, born Marcus Rothkowitz , was a Latvian-born United States painter and printmaker. He is classified as an abstract expressionism, although he himself rejected this label, and even resisted the classification as an "abstract painter"....
    , Sam Francis
    Sam Francis

    Samuel Lewis Francis was an United States Painting and printmaker. He was born in San Mateo, California, and studied botany, medicine and psychology at the University of California, Berkeley....
    , Morris Louis, Helen Frankenthaler
    Helen Frankenthaler

    Helen Frankenthaler is an United States post-painterly abstraction artist. Born in New York City, she was influenced by Jackson Pollock's paintings and by Clement Greenberg....
  • Tachisme
    Tachisme

    Tachisme was a France style of abstract painting in the 1940s and 1950s. It is often considered to be the European equivalent to abstract expressionism....
     - Jean Dubuffet
    Jean Dubuffet

    Jean Philippe Arthur Dubuffet was one of the most famous France Paintings and sculpture of the second half of the 20th century....
    , Pierre Soulages
    Pierre Soulages

    Pierre Soulages is a France painter, engraver and sculptor.Born in Rodez in 1919, Soulages is also known as "the painter of black" because of his interest in the colour ....
    , Hans Hartung
    Hans Hartung

    Hans Hartung was a Germans-French people painter, known for his gestural abstract art style. He was also a decorated World War II veteran of the French Foreign Legion....
    , Ludwig Merwart
    Ludwig Merwart

    Ludwig Merwart was an influential Austrians Painting and graphic artist. He is an important representative of abstract expressionism and was a major force in graphic arts and Printmaking, especially after World War II....
  • COBRA
    COBRA (avant-garde movement)

    COBRA was a European avant-garde art movement active from 1949 to 1952. The name was coined in 1948 by Christian Dotremont from the initials of the members' home cities: Copenhagen , Brussels , Amsterdam ....
     - Pierre Alechinsky
    Pierre Alechinsky

    Pierre Alechinsky is a Belgium artist. Lives and works in France from 1951He was born in Brussels. In 1944 he attended the l'Ecole nationale sup?rieure d'Architecture et des Arts d?coratifs de La Cambre, Brussels where he studied illustration techniques, printing and photography....
    , Karel Appel
    Karel Appel

    Christiaan Karel Appel was a Netherlands Painting, Sculpture, and poet. He started painting at the age of fourteen and studied at the Rijksakademie in Amsterdam in the 1940s....
    , Asger Jorn
    Asger Jorn

    File:Jorn Ballet immobile.jpgAsger Oluf Jorn was a founding member of the Situationist International, and a prolific artist and essayist. He was born in Vejrum, Jutland, Denmark, in the northwest corner of Jutland, Denmark, Denmark and baptized Asger Oluf J?rgensen....
  • Dau-al-Set - founded in Barcelona
    Barcelona

    Barcelona is the capital and most populous city of the Autonomous communities of Spain of Catalonia and the second largest city in Spain, with a population of 1,615,908 in 2008, while the population of the Metropolitan Area was 3,161,081....
     by poet/artist Joan Brossa
    Joan Brossa

    Joan Brossa i Cuervo . Poet, playwright, graphic designer and plastic artist. He was one of the founders of both the group and the publication known as Dau-al-Set and one of the leading early proponents of visual poetry in catalan people literature....
    , - Antoni Tàpies
    Antoni Tàpies

    Antoni T?pies is a Spain Catalonia painter. He is one of the famous artists of European abstract expressionism. After studying law for 3 years, he devoted himself from 1943 onwards only to his painting....
  • Geometric abstraction - Wassily Kandinsky
    Wassily Kandinsky

    Wassily Wassilyevich Kandinsky was a Russian Painting, printmaker and art theorist. One of the most famous 20th-century artists, he is credited with painting the first modern abstract art works....
    , Kazimir Malevich
    Kazimir Malevich

    Kazimir Severinovich Malevich , was a Painting and art theoretician, pioneer of geometric abstract art and the originator of the Avant-garde Suprematist movement....
    , Nadir Afonso
    Nadir Afonso

    Nadir Afonso, Order of St. James of the Sword is a Geometric abstract art painter. Formally trained in architecture, which he practiced early in his career with Le Corbusier and Oscar Niemeyer, Nadir Afonso later studied painting in Paris and became one of the pioneers in Kinetic art, working alongside Victor Vasarely, Fernand...
    , Manlio Rho
    Manlio Rho

    Manlio Rho was a painting born in Como, Italy. He is considered one of the most important abstract artists in Italy....
    , Mario Radice
    Mario Radice

    Mario Radice was an Italy painting born in Como. He is considered to be an important Italian abstract artist....
  • Hard-edge painting
    Hard-edge painting

    Hard-edge painting is painting in which abrupt transitions are found between color areas. Color areas are often of one unvarying color. Color transitions often take place along straight lines, though curvilinear edges of color areas are also common....
     - Ellsworth Kelly
    Ellsworth Kelly

    Ellsworth Kelly is an United States painter and sculptor associated with Hard-edge painting, Color Field painting and the minimalism school. His works demonstrate unassuming techniques that emphasize the simplicity of form....
    , Al Held
    Al Held

    Al Held was an United States Abstract expressionism Painting. He was particularly well known for his large scale Hard-edge paintings....
    , Ronald Davis
    Ronald Davis

    Ronald Davis , born 1937, is an American painter whose work is associated with Geometric abstraction, Abstract Illusionism, Lyrical Abstraction, Hard-edge painting, Shaped canvas painting, Color field painting, and 3D Computer Graphics....
  • Kinetic art
    Kinetic art

    File:Whirligig.jpgKinetic art is art that contains moving parts or depends on motion for its effect. The moving parts are generally powered by wind, a motor or the observer....
     - George Rickey
    George Rickey

    George Rickey was an United States kinetic sculpture.Rickey was born on June 6, 1907 in South Bend, Indiana. When Rickey was a child, his father, an executive with Singer Corporation, moved the family to Helensburgh, Scotland....
    , Getulio Alviani
    Getulio Alviani

    Getulio Alviani is an Italy painting born in Udine. He is considered to be an important International Optical - Kinetic artist....
  • Land art
    Land art

    Land art, Earthworks, or Earth art is an art movement which emerged in the United States in the late 1960s and early 1970s, in which landscape and the work of art are inextricably linked....
     - Christo
    Christo and Jeanne-Claude

    Christo and Jeanne-Claude are a married couple who create environmental works of art. Their works include the wrapping of the Reichstag in Berlin and the Pont-Neuf bridge in Paris, the 24-mile-long artwork called...
    , Richard Long
    Richard Long (artist)

    Richard Long is an England sculpture, photographer and Painting, one of the best known British land artists.Long is the only artist to be shortlisted for the Turner Prize four times, and he is reputed to have refused the prize in 1984....
    , Robert Smithson
    Robert Smithson

    Robert Smithson was an United States artist famous for his land art....
  • Les Automatistes
    Les Automatistes

    Les Automatistes were a group of Qu?b?cois artistic dissidents from Montreal, Quebec. The movement was founded in the early 1940s by painter Paul-?mile Borduas....
     - Claude Gauvreau
    Claude Gauvreau

    Claude Gauvreau , was a Quebec playwright, poet and polemic born in Montreal.Gauvreau did classical studies at the Coll?ge Sainte-Marie, and graduated with a B.A in Philosophy from Universit? de Montr?al....
    , Jean-Paul Riopelle
    Jean-Paul Riopelle

    Jean-Paul Riopelle, Order of Canada, National Order of Quebec was a Painting and sculpture from Quebec, Canada.Born in Montreal, he studied under Paul-?mile Borduas in the 1940s and was a member of Les Automatistes movement....
    , Pierre Gauvreau
    Pierre Gauvreau

    Pierre Gauvreau is a Qu?b?cois painter who has also worked in film and television productions.He studied at l'?cole des beaux-arts de Montr?al, which is today part of Universit? du Qu?bec ? Montr?al....
    , Fernand Leduc
    Fernand Leduc

    Fernand Leduc is a Canada Abstract art painter who was a major figure in the Quebec contemporary art scene in the 1940s and 1950s. During his 50-year career, Leduc has participated in many expositions in Canada, France and other countries....
    , Jean-Paul Mousseau
    Jean-Paul Mousseau

    Jean-Paul Mousseau was a student of Paul-?mile Borduas and a member of the Les Automatistes school of Quebec artists.He took a new direction at the end of the 1950s as one of the first Quebec artists who saw the necessity of integrating art into the urban environment....
    , Marcelle Ferron
    Marcelle Ferron

    Marcelle Ferron, National Order of Quebec , a Qu?b?coise painting and stained glass artist, was a major figure in the Quebec contemporary art scene....
  • Minimal art - Agnes Martin
    Agnes Martin

    Agnes Martin was a Canadian-United States Painting, often referred to as a minimalist; Martin considered herself an abstract expressionist....
    , Dan Flavin
    Dan Flavin

    Dan Flavin was an United States Minimalism artist famous for creating sculptural objects and installations from commercially-available fluorescent light fixtures....
    , Donald Judd
    Donald Judd

    Donald Clarence Judd was a Minimalism artist . In his work, Judd sought autonomy and clarity for the constructed object and the space created by it, ultimately achieving a rigorously democratic presentation without compositional hierarchy....
    , Sol LeWitt
    Sol LeWitt

    Sol LeWitt was an United States artist linked to various movements, including Conceptual art and Minimalism. LeWitt rose to fame in the late 1960s with his wall drawings and "structures" but was prolific in a wide range of media including drawing, printmaking, and painting....
    , Richard Serra
    Richard Serra

    Richard Serra is an United States minimalism sculpture and video artist known for working with large scale assemblies of sheet metal. Serra was involved in the Process Art Movement....
  • Postminimalism
    Postminimalism

    Postminimalism is a term utilized in various artistic fields for work which is influenced by, or attempts to develop and go beyond, the aesthetic of minimalism....
     - Eva Hesse
    Eva Hesse

    Eva Hesse , was a Germany United States sculptor, known for her pioneering work in materials such as latex, fiberglass, and plastics. ...
    , Bruce Nauman
    Bruce Nauman

    Bruce Nauman is a contemporary United States artist. His practice spans a broad range of media including sculpture, photography, neon, video, drawing, printmaking, and performance....
    , Hannah Wilke
    Hannah Wilke

    Hannah Wilke was an American Painting, sculptor, and photographer....
    , Lynda Benglis
    Lynda Benglis

    Lynda Benglis is an American sculptor known for her wax paintings and poured latex sculptures. Benglis' work is noted for an unusual blend of organic imagery and confrontation with newer media incorporating influences such as Barnett Newman and Andy Warhol....
  • Lyrical Abstraction
    Lyrical Abstraction

    Lyrical Abstraction refers to two related but distinctly separate movements in Post-war Modernist painting.European Lyrical Abstraction is an art movement born in Paris after World War II....
     - Ronnie Landfield
    Ronnie Landfield

    Ronnie Landfield is an United States abstract painter. During his early career from the mid-1960s through the 1970s his paintings were associated with Lyrical Abstraction , and he was represented by the David Whitney Gallery and the Andre Emmerich Gallery....
    , Sam Gilliam
    Sam Gilliam

    Sam Gilliam is an African American Color field Painting associated with the Washington Color School, Abstract Expressionism and Lyrical Abstraction....
    , Larry Zox
    Larry Zox

    Lawrence "Larry" Zox was an United States painter and printmaker who is classified as an Abstract expressionism, Color Field painter and a Lyrical Abstractionist, although he did not readily use those categories for his work....
    , Dan Christensen
    Dan Christensen

    Dan Christensen, the United States abstract painter, was born in Cozad, Nebraska on October 6, 1942, he died in Easthampton, New York on January 20, 2007....
  • Neo-figurative art
    Neo-figurative

    Neo-figurative art describes an expressionist revival in modern form of figurative art. The term neo and figurative emerged in the 1960s in Mexico and Spain to represent a new form of figurative art....
     - Fernando Botero
    Fernando Botero

    Fernando Botero Angulo is a Colombian neo-figurative artist, self-titled "the most Colombian of Colombian artists" early on, coming to prominence when he won the first prize at the Sal?n de Artistas Colombianos in 1959....
    , Antonio Berni
    Antonio Berni

    Delesio Antonio Berni was a Neo-figurative, born in Rosario, provinces of Argentina of Santa Fe Province, Argentina. He worked as a painter, an illustrator and an engraver....
  • Neo-expressionism
    Neo-expressionism

    Neo-expressionism was a style of Modernism painting that emerged in the late 1970s and dominated the art market until the mid-1980s. Related to American Lyrical Abstraction it developed in Europe as a reaction against the conceptual and minimalism art of the 1970s....
     - Georg Baselitz
    Georg Baselitz

    Georg Baselitz is a Germany Painting who studied in the former East Germany, before moving to what was then the country of West Germany. Baselitz's style is interpreted by the Northern American as Neo-expressionism, but from a European perspective, it is more seen as Postmodern art....
    , Anselm Kiefer
    Anselm Kiefer

    Anselm Kiefer is a Germany Painting and sculptor. He studied with Joseph Beuys during the 1970s. His works incorporate materials like straw, wiktionary:ash, clay, lead, and shellac....
    , Francesco Clemente
    Francesco Clemente

    File:'Water and wine', gouache on paper by Francesco Clemente 1981.jpgFrancesco Clemente is an Italy Painting. His work shows both surrealist and expressionist references....
    , Jean-Michel Basquiat
    Jean-Michel Basquiat

    Jean-Michel Basquiat was a Haitian United States artist. He gained popularity first as a graffiti artist in New York City, and then as a successful 1980s-era Neo-expressionism artist....
  • New realism
    New realism

    Nouveau R?alisme refers to an artistic movement founded in 1960 by the art critic Pierre Restany and the painter Yves Klein during the first collective exposition in the Apollinaire gallery in Milan....
     - Christo
    Christo and Jeanne-Claude

    Christo and Jeanne-Claude are a married couple who create environmental works of art. Their works include the wrapping of the Reichstag in Berlin and the Pont-Neuf bridge in Paris, the 24-mile-long artwork called...
    , Yves Klein
    Yves Klein

    Yves Klein was a French artist and is considered an important figure in post-war European art. New York critics of Klein's time classify him as neo-Dada, but other critics, such as Thomas McEvilley in an essay submitted to Artforum in 1982, have since classified Klein as an early, though "enigmatic," Post-Modernist....
    , Pierre Restany
    Pierre Restany

    Pierre Restany , was an internationally well known French art critic and cultural philosopher.Restany was born in Am?lie-les-Bains-Palalda and spent his childhood in Casablanca....
  • Op art
    Op art

    Op art, also known as optical art, is a genre of visual art, especially painting, that makes use of optical illusions."Optical Art is a method of painting concerning the interaction between illusion and picture plane, between understanding and seeing." Op art works are abstract, with many of the better known pieces made in only blac...
     - Victor Vasarely
    Victor Vasarely

    Victor Vasarely was a Hungarian people France artist whose work is generally seen aligned with Op-art.Zebra -- artwork, created by Vasarely in the 1930s, is considered by some to be one of the earliest examples of Op-art....
    , Bridget Riley
    Bridget Riley

    Bridget Louise Riley Order of the Companions of Honour Order of the British Empire is an England Painting who is one of the foremost proponents of op art....
    , Richard Anuszkiewicz
    Richard Anuszkiewicz

    Richard Anuszkiewicz is an American artist. ...
  • Outsider art
    Outsider Art

    The term Outsider Art was coined by art critic Roger Cardinal in 1972 as an English language synonym for Art Brut , a label created by France artist Jean Dubuffet to describe art created outside the boundaries of official culture; Dubuffet focused particularly on art by Psychiatric_hospital inmates....
     - Howard Finster
    Howard Finster

    The Reverend Howard Finster was a folk artist from Summerville, Georgia who claimed to be inspired by God to spread the gospel through the environment of Paradise Garden and over 46,000 pieces of art....
    , Grandma Moses
    Grandma Moses

    Anna Mary Robertson Moses , better known as "Grandma Moses", was a renowned United States folk artist. She is most often cited as an example of an individual successfully beginning a career in the arts at an advanced age....
    , Bob Justin
    Bob Justin

    Bob Justin, a self taught outsider artist, was born in New Jersey in 1941. After being forced into retirement in 1991 by illness, he began to liquidate an old tool collection and other property at local flea markets....
  • Photorealism
    Photorealism

    Photorealism is the genre of painting based on making a painting of a photograph. The term is primarily applied to paintings from the United States photorealism art movement that began in the late 1960s, early 1970s....
     - Audrey Flack
    Audrey Flack

    Audrey Flack is an American photorealist painter, printmaker, and sculptor.Flack studied fine arts in New York from 1948 to 1953. Her early work was abstract; one such painting paid tribute to Franz Kline....
    , Chuck Close
    Chuck Close

    Chuck Thomas Close is an American painter and photographer who achieved fame as a photorealist, through his massive-scale portraits. Though a catastrophic spinal artery collapse in 1988 left him severely paralyzed, he has continued to paint and produce work which remains sought after by museums and collectors....
    , Duane Hanson
    Duane Hanson

    Duane Hanson was an United States artist based in South Florida, a sculptor known for his lifecast Realism works of people, cast in various materials, including polyester resin, fiberglass, Bondo and bronze....
    , Richard Estes
    Richard Estes

    Richard Estes is an United States Painting who is best known for his photorealism paintings. The paintings generally consist of reflective, clean, and inanimate city and geometric Landscape painting....
    , Malcolm Morley
    Malcolm Morley

    Malcolm Morley is an England artist now living in the United States.Morley was born in north London. He had a troubled childhood, and did not discover art until serving a three-year stint in Wormwood Scrubs prison....
  • Pop art
    Pop art

    Pop art is a visual art movement that emerged in the mid 1950s in UK and in the late 1950s in the United States. Pop art challenged tradition by asserting that an artist's use of the mass-produced visual commodities of popular culture is contiguous with the perspective of Fine Art since Pop removes the material from its context and isolates...
     - Richard Hamilton
    Richard Hamilton (artist)

    Richard Hamilton is an England Painting and collage artist. His 1956 collage titled Just What Is It that Makes Today's Homes So Different, So Appealing?, produced for the This Is Tomorrow exhibition of the Independent Group in London, is considered by critics and historians to be one of the early works of Pop Art....
    , Keith Haring
    Keith Haring

    Keith Haring was an artist and social activist whose work responded to the New York City street culture of the 1980s....
    , David Hockney
    David Hockney

    David Hockney, Order of the Companions of Honour, Royal Academician, is an English painter, draughtsman, printmaker, stage designer and photographer, based in Yorkshire, United Kingdom, although he also maintains a base in London....
    , Robert Indiana
    Robert Indiana

    Robert Indiana is an United States artist associated with the Pop Art movement....
    , Jasper Johns
    Jasper Johns

    File:Jasper Johns's 'Map', 1961.jpgJasper Johns, Jr. is a contemporary American artist who works primarily in painting and printmaking. He is represented by the Matthew Marks Gallery....
    , Roy Lichtenstein
    Roy Lichtenstein

    Roy Fox Lichtenstein was a prominent United States pop artist, his work heavily influenced by both popular advertising and the comic book style....
    , Robert Rauschenberg
    Robert Rauschenberg

    Robert Rauschenberg was an American artist who came to prominence in the 1950s transition from Abstract Expressionism to Pop Art. Rauschenberg is perhaps most famous for his "Combines" of the 1950s, in which non-traditional materials and objects were employed in innovative combinations....
    , Andy Warhol
    Andy Warhol

    Andrew Warhola , more commonly known as Andy Warhol, was an United Statesn Painting, Printmaking, and filmmaker who was a leading figure in the Art movement known as pop art....
    , Ed Ruscha
  • Postwar Europe
    Europe

    Europe is, conventionally, one of the world's seven continents. Comprising the westernmost peninsula of Eurasia, Europe is generally divided from Asia to its east by the water divide of the Ural Mountains, the Ural , the Caspian Sea, and by the Caucasus Mountains to the southeast....
    an figurative painting - Lucien Freud, Francis Bacon
    Francis Bacon (painter)

    Francis Bacon was an Ireland born British figurative painter. Bacon's artwork is known for its bold, austere, homoerotic and often violent or nightmarish imagery, which typically shows room-bound masculine figures isolated in glass or steel geometrical cages set against flat, nondescript backgrounds....
    , Frank Auerbach
    Frank Auerbach

    Frank Helmut Auerbach is a Germany-born United Kingdom Painting. His work typically portrays either one of a small group of mainly female models, or scenes around London, especially Camden Town....
  • Shaped canvas
    Shaped canvas

    Shaped canvases are paintings that depart from the normal flat, rectangular configuration. Canvases may be shaped by altering their contours, while retaining their flatness....
     - Frank Stella
    Frank Stella

    Frank Stella is an United States Painting and printmaker. He is a significant figure in minimalism and post-painterly abstraction.He was born in Malden, Massachusetts....
    , Kenneth Noland
    Kenneth Noland

    Kenneth Noland is an United States Abstract art Painting. He is identified today as one of the best-known contemporary United States Color field painters, although in the 1950s he was thought of as an abstract expressionist and in the early 1960s he was thought of as a minimalist painter....
    , Robert Mangold
    Robert Mangold

    Robert Mangold is an American minimalist artist....
    .
  • Soviet art
    Soviet art

    The term Soviet art refers to visual art produced in the former Soviet Union....
     - Alexander Deineka, Alexander Gerasimov
    Alexander Gerasimov

    Alexander Mikhaylovich Gerasimov was a leading proponent of Socialist Realism in the visual arts, and painted Stalin as well as other Soviet leaders....
    , Ilya Kabakov
    Ilya Kabakov

    Ilya Kabakov, Russian language ???? ????????? ??????? is an Russian-American conceptual artist of Jewish origin, born in Dnipropetrovsk, Ukraine....
    , Komar & Melamid, Alexandr Zhdanov
    Alexandr Zhdanov

    Alexandr Pavlovich Zhdanov was a Russian avant-garde painter.He was born in Vyoshenskaya, Soviet Union. Zhdanov was expelled four times from the Grekov Art School in Rostov-on-the-Don but managed to graduate after six years....
    , Leonid Sokov
    Leonid Sokov

    Leonid Sokov is a Russia artist and sculptor. He lives and works in New York City....
  • Spatialism
    Spatialism

    Spatialism is an art movement, headed by Italy artist Lucio Fontana in 1946, which came about right along with the birth of Abstract Expressionism in New York City....
     - Lucio Fontana
    Lucio Fontana

    Lucio Fontana was a painting and sculpture born in Rosario, , the son of an Italy father and an Argentine mother. He was mostly known as the founder of Spatialism and his ties to Arte Povera....
  • Visionary art
    Visionary art

    Visionary art is art that purports to transcend the physical world and portray a wider vision of awareness including supernatural or mystical Theme s, or is based in such experiences....
     - Ernst Fuchs
    Ernst Fuchs (artist)

    Ernst Fuchs is an Austrian visionary art Painting, draftsman, printmaker, sculptor, architect, stage designer, composer, poet, singer and one of the founders of the Vienna School of Fantastic Realism....
    , Paul Laffoley
    Paul Laffoley

    Paul Laffoley , is an United States visionary artist and architect....
    , Michael Bowen
    Michael Bowen

    Michael Bowen may refer to:* Michael George Bowen, former Archbishop of Southwark* Michael Bowen , American film and television actor* Michael Bowen , Mystical, Visionary fine artist...


Important Modern art exhibitions and museums


For a comprehensive list see Museums of modern art
Museums of modern art

Art gallery of modern art listed alphabetically by country....
.

See also

  • Modernism
    Modernism

    Modernism, in its broadest definition, is modern thought, character, or practice. More specifically, the term describes both a set of cultural tendencies and an array of associated cultural movements, originally arising from wide-scale and far-reaching changes to Western culture in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century....
  • List of modern artists
    List of modern artists

    This is a list of modern artists: important artists who have played a role in the history of modern art, dating from the late 19th century until the 1970s....
  • Contemporary art
    Contemporary art

    Contemporary art can be defined variously as art produced at this present point in time or art produced since World War II. The definition of the word contemporary would support the first view, but museums of contemporary art commonly define their collections as consisting of art produced since World War II....
  • Postmodern art
    Postmodern art

    Postmodern art is a term used to describe an art movement which was thought to be in contradiction to some aspect of modernism, or to have emerged or developed in its aftermath....
  • Art periods
    Art periods

    Art period n. A phase in the development of the work of an artist, groups of artists or art movement.This article outlines phases of art in the Western world....
  • Modern architecture
    Modern architecture

    Modern architecture is a set of building styles with similar characteristics, primarily the simplification of form and the elimination of Ornament ....
  • Art manifesto
    Art manifesto

    The Art manifesto has been a recurrent feature associated with the avant-garde in Modern art. Art manifestos are mostly extreme in their rhetoric and intended for shock value to achieve a revolutionary effect....
  • History of painting
    History of painting

    The history of painting reaches back in time to artifacts from pre-historic humans, and spans all cultures, that represents a continuous, though disrupted, tradition from Antiquity....
  • Western painting
    Western painting

    The history of Western painting represents a continuous, though disrupted, tradition from classical antiquity. Until the mid 19th century it was primarily concerned with Representational art and Classical antiquity modes of production, after which time more Modern art, Abstract art and Conceptual art forms gained favor....


Further reading

  • Adams, Hugh. 1979. Modern Painting. [Oxford]: Phaidon Press. ISBN 0-7148-1984-0 (cloth) ISBN 0-7148-1920-4 (pbk)
  • Childs, Peter. 2000. Modernism. London and New York: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-19647-7 (cloth) ISBN 0-415-19648-5 (pbk)
  • Crouch, Christopher. 2000. Modernism in Art Design and Architecture. New York: St. Martins Press. ISBN 0312218303 (cloth) ISBN 031221832X (pbk)
  • Dempsey, Amy. 2002. Art in the Modern Era: A Guide to Schools and Movements. New York: Harry A. Abrams. ISBN 0810941724
  • Hunter, Sam, John Jacobus, and Daniel Wheeler. 2004. Modern Art. Revised and Updated 3rd Edition. New York: The Vendome Press [Pearson/Prentice Hall]. ISBN 0-13-189565-6 (cloth) 0-13-150519-X (pbk)
  • Kolocotroni, Vassiliki, Jane Goldman, and Olga Taxidou (eds.). 1998. Modernism: An Anthology of Sources and Documents. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0-226-45073-2 (cloth) ISBN 0-226-45074-0 (pbk)
  • Ozenfant, Amédée. 1952. Foundations of Modern Art. New York: Dover Publications.


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