Mirzapur
Encyclopedia
Mirzapur is a city in the heart of North India
India
India , officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world...

, nearly 650 km between Delhi
Delhi
Delhi , officially National Capital Territory of Delhi , is the largest metropolis by area and the second-largest by population in India, next to Mumbai. It is the eighth largest metropolis in the world by population with 16,753,265 inhabitants in the Territory at the 2011 Census...

 and Kolkata
Kolkata
Kolkata , formerly known as Calcutta, is the capital of the Indian state of West Bengal. Located on the east bank of the Hooghly River, it was the commercial capital of East India...

 and also equidistant from Allahabad
Allahabad
Allahabad , or Settled by God in Persian, is a major city of India and is one of the main holy cities of Hinduism. It was renamed by the Mughals from the ancient name of Prayaga , and is by some accounts the second-oldest city in India. It is located in the north Indian state of Uttar Pradesh,...

 and Varanasi
Varanasi
-Etymology:The name Varanasi has its origin possibly from the names of the two rivers Varuna and Assi, for the old city lies in the north shores of the Ganga bounded by its two tributaries, the Varuna and the Asi, with the Ganges being to its south...

. Located in the state of Uttar Pradesh
Uttar Pradesh
Uttar Pradesh abbreviation U.P. , is a state located in the northern part of India. With a population of over 200 million people, it is India's most populous state, as well as the world's most populous sub-national entity...

, Mirzapur has a population of a little over 205,264 (2001 census) and is renowned for its famous carpet
Carpet
A carpet is a textile floor covering consisting of an upper layer of "pile" attached to a backing. The pile is generally either made from wool or a manmade fibre such as polypropylene,nylon or polyester and usually consists of twisted tufts which are often heat-treated to maintain their...

 and brassware industry. It is a city with several spots around it including many hills such as Rajdari, Devdari, Lakhaniyadari, and Windom fall range and Sirshi. It is the headquarter of Mirzapur District
Mirzapur District
Mirzapur district is one of the 70 districts of Uttar Pradesh state in northern India. The district is bounded on the north by Sant Ravidas Nagar and Varanasi districts, on the east by Chandauli district, on the south by Sonbhadra district and on the norhwest by Allahabad district. The district...

.

Indian Standard Time calculation

Indian Standard Time
Indian Standard Time
Indian Standard Time is the time observed throughout India and Sri Lanka, with a time offset of UTC+05:30. India does not observe daylight saving time or other seasonal adjustments, although DST was used briefly during the Sino–Indian War of 1962 and the Indo–Pakistani Wars of 1965 and 1971...

 is calculated from the clock tower in Mirzapur which is nearly exactly on the reference longitude of Indian Standard Time at 82.5°, within 4 angular minutes, a property shared by Tuni
Tuni
Tuni is a town and a municipality in East Godavari district in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh.Tuni is a Major commercial marketing centre for more than forty surrounding villages in the east Godavari District of Andhra Pradesh....

, a town in Andhra Pradesh
Andhra Pradesh
Andhra Pradesh , is one of the 28 states of India, situated on the southeastern coast of India. It is India's fourth largest state by area and fifth largest by population. Its capital and largest city by population is Hyderabad.The total GDP of Andhra Pradesh is $100 billion and is ranked third...

.

History

Reports suggest that Mirzapur was a commercial city, being situated on the banks of the river Ganges. These reports are backed by the Naar Ghat, a carved stone with rates of toll taxes of Ashokan times inscribed on it.
Most of the city was established by English officers, and so places are named after Englishmen like Wellesleyganj (Lord Wellesley
Henry Wellesley, 1st Baron Cowley
Henry Wellesley, 1st Baron Cowley GCB was the youngest brother of the Duke of Wellington, and became a notable diplomat in his own right.-Life:...

), Mukeri Bazar (Lord Mercury), Dankeen Ganj (Mr. Danseen), and a famous waterfall of the city, Windham Water Fall (Mr. Windham). The Municipal Corporation building was also built by the English Government.

Some interesting petroglyphs in the sandstone of the Vindhya range
Vindhya Range
The Vindhya Range is a range of older rounded mountains and hills in the west-central Indian subcontinent, which geographically separates the Indian subcontinent into northern India and Southern India.- Introduction :...

 are found in Morhana Paharin Mirzapur district. The depictions of chariots, horses, weapons and people in these works have given rise varied interpretations and findings by historians.

On the outskirts of the area, there is a patch of forest that contains ancient wall paintings, called Lakhania Dari and there are small rapids at the place. This has made it a popular picnic spot among residents of nearby cities. The forest area is still inhabited by some tribes. Possibly, ten tribes are still present in the region.

The indigenous ruler Saiyyad Shah Mirza was captured by the British government, and so the city was documented by the British as Mirzapur due to the name of its ruler. Some information about an ancient city near the local Kachhawa Bazar has also been found, but is awaiting concrete proof. Near the Kachhawa Bazar an ancient temple of lord Shiva in Larawak village. It is locally believed that this temple was built in Treta Yug during Ramawataar. This temple is so attractive in architecture point of view and all the design of stone is just like the Khajuraho. Now this temple is protected and supervised by Archeological survey of India (ASI). This temple gives a lot of information about the ancient life cycle of the human. This temple is located in the heart of the Larawak village.

According to local tradition Mirzapur was founded by Raja Nanner and was known as Girijapur, but after the British conquest it came to be known as Mirzapur. The earliest mention of the town is found in the writings of Tieffenthaler, who drew up his description of the country between 1760 and 1770. He mentioned it under the name of Mirzapur, especially as a great mart. In the records of Jonathan Duncan
Jonathan Duncan (Governor of Bombay)
Jonathan Duncan was Governor of Bombay from 27 December 1795 until his death in 1811.He began his career in India in 1772, and in 1788 was appointed superintendent and resident at Benares by Lord Cornwallis, where he helped stamp out the practice of infanticide...

, who was a resident of Varanasi
Varanasi
-Etymology:The name Varanasi has its origin possibly from the names of the two rivers Varuna and Assi, for the old city lies in the north shores of the Ganga bounded by its two tributaries, the Varuna and the Asi, with the Ganges being to its south...

, frequent mention is made of the place as Mirzapur. Before 1 April 1989, Mirzapur was the largest district of India. Mirzapur is also a Naxalite
Naxalite
The word Naxal, Naxalite or Naksalvadi is a generic term used to refer to various militant Communist groups operating in different parts of India under different organizational envelopes...

 hot spot.

As per some unofficial evidence the Mirzapur is first named as Gangayatan Ghat, but it was an oldest stairway of the Mirzapur however the Mirzapur was established by British Ruler and and its establishment was only to grownup the Business through river Ganga.

The Mirzapur is only place in the world where the Holy river Ganga meets with Vindhya Range
Vindhya Range
The Vindhya Range is a range of older rounded mountains and hills in the west-central Indian subcontinent, which geographically separates the Indian subcontinent into northern India and Southern India.- Introduction :...

. This is considered significant in Hindu Mythology and has a mention in Vedas.

Geography

Mirzapur is located at 25.15°N 82.58°E. It has an average elevation of 80 metres (265 feet).
The District of Mirzapur lies between the parallels of 23.52 & 25.32 North latitude and 82.7
and 83.33 East longitude. It forms a portion of the Varanasi Division. On the north and north-east
it is bounded by the Varanasi district ; on the south bounded by district Sonbhadra. On the north west
by the district of Allahabad. The shape to the north and west is totally regular. In no direction, except
for about 13 km. in the north east where he Ganges separates the Tehsil of Chunar from the district of
Varanasi , has Mirzapur a natural frontier. According to Central Statistical organisation the district of
Mirzapur had an area of 4521 km2. At the census of 2001, the population of the district is 1657140
(males 1093849 and females 980860) of which 1788203 were living in rural and 286506 in the urban area
of the district.

Gorakhpur
|
Varanasi
|
Kanpur<----Allahabad <------MIRZAPUR------>Chandauli---->Bihar
|
Sonebhadra

Demographics

India census
Census
A census is the procedure of systematically acquiring and recording information about the members of a given population. It is a regularly occurring and official count of a particular population. The term is used mostly in connection with national population and housing censuses; other common...

, Mirzapur had a population of 205,264. Males constitute 54% of the population and females 46%. Mirzapur has an average literacy rate of 62%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 69%, and female literacy is 54%. In Mirzapur, 14% of the population is under 6 years of age.

Commerce

The main business in Mirzapur is carpet manufacturing. Manufacturers range from very small (with less than $100,000 in assets) to medium sized (with around $10M in assets). Most of the carpets are sold internationally as India has a limited market for carpets. The second main business is of metal pots.Metal Pots (brass).

Vindhyachal

A few miles away from this city is a site of pilgrimage
Pilgrimage
A pilgrimage is a journey or search of great moral or spiritual significance. Typically, it is a journey to a shrine or other location of importance to a person's beliefs and faith...

 to Hindu
Hindu
Hindu refers to an identity associated with the philosophical, religious and cultural systems that are indigenous to the Indian subcontinent. As used in the Constitution of India, the word "Hindu" is also attributed to all persons professing any Indian religion...

s known as Vindhyachal
Vindhyachal
Vindhyachal is a town in Mirzapur District of Uttar Pradesh state in northern India. The city is a Hindu pilgrimage site having the temple of Vindhyavasini, where according to mythology a part of Sati Born in Nand Yadav Family as sister of Lord Krishna. The river Ganges flows through this city...

 where according to the mythology
Mythology
The term mythology can refer either to the study of myths, or to a body or collection of myths. As examples, comparative mythology is the study of connections between myths from different cultures, whereas Greek mythology is the body of myths from ancient Greece...

 a part of Sati (an Avatar
Avatar
In Hinduism, an avatar is a deliberate descent of a deity to earth, or a descent of the Supreme Being and is mostly translated into English as "incarnation," but more accurately as "appearance" or "manifestation"....

 of Durga
Durga
For the 1985 Hindi Film of Rajesh Khanna see DurgaaIn Hinduism, Durga ; ; meaning "the inaccessible" or "the invincible"; , durga) or Maa Durga "one who can redeem in situations of utmost distress" is a form of Devi, the supremely radiant goddess, depicted as having eighteen arms, riding a lion...

) fell. The river Ganges flows through this city. Other sites of pilgrimage include Kali Khoh (literally 'the cave of the Goddess Kali
Kali
' , also known as ' , is the Hindu goddess associated with power, shakti. The name Kali comes from kāla, which means black, time, death, lord of death, Shiva. Kali means "the black one". Since Shiva is called Kāla - the eternal time, Kālī, his consort, also means "Time" or "Death" . Hence, Kāli is...

') where a statue of the Kali
Kali
' , also known as ' , is the Hindu goddess associated with power, shakti. The name Kali comes from kāla, which means black, time, death, lord of death, Shiva. Kali means "the black one". Since Shiva is called Kāla - the eternal time, Kālī, his consort, also means "Time" or "Death" . Hence, Kāli is...

 has a mouth formed in the shape of a cave, hence the name. Very close to the city is a waterfall.

The city itself has many Ghats (steps to a river). There are a few cinema-halls. At first look the city appears to be a confluence of town, village and city life. Power supply or is now regular up to some extent.

School

  • Daffodils Public School
  • Jaycee Bal Mandir
  • Sunita Bal Niketan
  • St.Mary's School
  • Shemford Mirzapur School
  • Seth Dwarka Prasad Bajaj educational center
  • Vindhyawasini Public School
  • Lions School Mirzapur
  • Tiny Tots School
  • Adarsh Jain Bal Mandir

College

  • Ghanshyam Binani Academy of Management Sciences
  • K.B.P.G Collage, G D Binni P G Collage
  • K.M Collage

Inter Collages

  • MPMB Inter college
  • Govt Inter College (Boys)
  • Arya Kanya Inter College
  • B L J Inter College
  • Basant vidyalay Inter College
  • Rajesthan Inter College

  • Jyoti Prakash Pandey Vidya mandir vindhyapuri colony .
  • Gurunanak Inter College Awas Vikas Colony.


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मिर्ज़ापुर
On the banks of river ganga is located the Semnradh nath Temple where the shiv ling is inside a deep well.it said that when the width of river ganga was even more ,this particular shiv ling was inside the river.Once some businessmen were going on a boat when this particular shiv ling obstructed the boat.When these people cmae to know that it was stone in form of a shiv ling they wanted it to carry it with themslves but even after digging for hours it was not possible and the stone submerged even more inside. In the even they decided to stay there for that night.On that night night one of them had a dream that lord shiva asked them to built the temple there itself and it was not ossible for them to remove that stone from there.Since then it called as Semrahd nath temple and lord shiva is worshiped there.

Culture of the city

1) Dress includes dhoti
Dhoti
The dhoti or pancha is the traditional men's garment in the in India, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka. A similar garment is worn in some rural areas of Punjab province in Pakistan, but the use is fast declining...

, kurta
Kurta
A kurta is a traditional item of clothing worn in Afghanistan, Pakistan , Nepal, India, Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka. It is a loose shirt falling either just above or somewhere below the knees of the wearer, and is worn by both men and women...

 and toga (gamachhaa) on shoulders of men; the other side of this cultural coin shows the scented regional perfumes and earrings on women along with sarees, kara (bracelets), bangles, bajuband (arm bands), kakani, in hands and hasali (thick silver neck rings) on the neck, bichhiya (toe rings) on the toes, kanachadi in the ears put on kardhani (a knitted silver belt) in the waist.

2) Festivals of the city: jeevitputrika (jutiya), Ganges Deshahara
Vijayadashami
Vijayadashami also known as Dasara, is one of the most important festivals celebrated in various forms, across India, Nepal and Bangladesh...

, lalahi chattha, shardiya and vasantik navratra, ojhala ka mela (a fair at the Ojhla Bridge), lohandi ka mela (fair), the famous Vindhya Mahotsava, horaha gaderi ka mela, litti bati ka mela, and maa bhandari ka mela (various fairs at different places on different occasions).

3) Kajari Mahotsava: It is among the famous festivals of Mirzapur. Respected all over India, kajali took birth here. King Kantit 9Naresh's daughter Kajali loved her husband very much and sang songs in the moment of separation from her husband, although she could not meet her husband throughout her life and died, yet she remains alive through these deep sad-love songs. Her voice and songs impress Mirzapur locals very much, so they remember her through this festival paying homage to her.

4) Lohandi Mela: 2 km south of Mirzapur an old temple of Lord Hanuman
Hanuman
Hanuman , is a Hindu deity, who is an ardent devotee of Rama, a central character in the Indian epic Ramayana and one of the dearest devotees of lord Rama. A general among the vanaras, an ape-like race of forest-dwellers, Hanuman is an incarnation of the divine and a disciple of Lord Rama in the...

 is decorated with light (ghee ke deeye) on kartik purnima and every Saturday in the month of Saawan (Hindu month of rain in the middle of July–August), a big fair is arranged. The attraction is tattoo design.

5) Ojhala Mela: Ojhala is the current name of the Ujjvala River. A fair used to be arranged regularly here since 1920, which is a sign of bravery and the only place in India where betting is legal on the days of the fair. This has been discontinued since there is not enough water at the bridge for the various water sports that used to take place.

6) Vindhyavasini Jayanti Samaaroh: Started in 1971, this musical program is arranged by the Government where renowned Indian vocal and folk artists give real presentations and worship the goddess Vindhyavasini.

7) Deep Mahotsava: Celebrated on the day of Diwali
Diwali
Diwali or DeepavaliThe name of the festival in various regional languages include:, , , , , , , , , , , , , popularly known as the "festival of lights," is a festival celebrated between mid-October and mid-December for different reasons...

, all the Ganges ghats
Ghats
As used in many parts of South Asia, the term ghat refers to a series of steps leading down to a water body, usually a holy river. In Bengali-speaking regions, this set of stairs can lead down to something as small as a pond or as large as a major river....

 are decorated with lights (ghee ke deeye); locals have immense pleasure celebrating this on kartik amavasya.

8) Jhoolanotsava: In the month of Saawan celebrated by locals during rain, this Jhoolanotsava is celebrated with swings in the branches of trees for five days. Shree Dwarkadheesh Temple, Ganga Jamuna Saraswati Temple and Kunj Bhawan are decorated.

9)Kantit Mela: Near Vindhyachal railways station, there is a Tomb of Hajrat KHWAJA ISMAIL CHISTI, Who was related with KHWAJA MOIN-U-DIN CHISTI - AJMER, RAJASTHAN. In month of RAJJAB(Islamic month)on date 6th KANTIT MELA celebrated by local & outsider people,
This MELA is symbol of BHAICHARA,all religious people are celebrated with Joy & Happiness.

Chunar

About 32 km from Mirzapur is the famous fortress of Chunar
Chunar
Chunar छुनर شُنَر, located in Mirzapur District of Uttar Pradesh state, India, is an ancient town. The railway tracks passing through Chunar leads to major destinations of India, including Howrah, Delhi, Tatanagar and Varanasi. National Highway number 7 also passes through Chunar...

.

There are some rock paintings in Mizapur district.
Hasauli is the first ever nirmal village which was awarded by president A.P.J Abdul Kalam,and its also famous for its Handicrafts.

Chunar is fort of King Shivdautt . Before 7-8 kms from chunar railways station , there is a village Usarahawa on N H-7.

External links

The source of this article is wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.  The text of this article is licensed under the GFDL.
 
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