Mikhail Borodin

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Mikhail Borodin

Mikhail Markovich Borodin (?????´? Mapkó??? ??????´?) (July 9, 1884 – May 29, 1951) was the alias of Mikhail Gruzenberg, a Comintern

Comintern

The 'Comintern' was an international Communism organization founded in Moscow in March 1919. The International intended to fight "by all available means, including armed force, for the overthrow of the international bourgeoisie and for the creation of an international Soviet republic as a transition stage to the complete abolition of the Sta...
agent.

Borodin was born in Yanovich, located in modern Belarus

Belarus

Belarus is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe, bordered by Russia to the north and east, Ukraine to the south, Poland to the west, and Lithuania and Latvia to the north....
. He joined the Bolshevik

Bolshevik

Bolsheviks, originally also Bolshevists were a faction of the Marxism Russian Social Democratic Labour Party which split apart from the Menshevik faction at the 2nd Congress of the RSDLP in 1903 and ultimately became the Communist Party of the Soviet Union....
party in Imperial Russia in 1903. In 1907, he was arrested and chose to depart for the United States

United States

The United States of America is a Federal government constitutional republic comprising U.S. state and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its Contiguous United States and Washington, D.C., the Capital districts and territories, lie between the Pacific Ocean and Atlantic Oceans, Borders of the U...
in 1908. While there, he attended classes at Valparaiso University

Valparaiso University

Valparaiso University, known colloquially as Valpo, is a private university located in the city of Valparaiso, Indiana in the U.S. state of Indiana....
. After the October Revolution, he returned to his motherland in 1918, working in the foreign relations department.

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Encyclopedia

Mikhail Markovich Borodin (?????´? Mapkó??? ??????´?) (July 9, 1884 – May 29, 1951) was the alias of Mikhail Gruzenberg, a Comintern

Comintern

Belarus

Bolshevik

United States

Valparaiso University

Mexico

The United Mexican States , commonly known as Mexico , is a federalism constitutionalism republic in North America. It is bordered on the north by the United States; on the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; on the southeast by Guatemala, Belize, and the Caribbean Sea; and on the east by the Gulf of Mexico....
, the United States and the United Kingdom

United Kingdom

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom , the UK or Britain,is a sovereign state located off the northwestern coast of continental Europe....
as a Comintern agent.

Between 1923 and 1927, Borodin was representative of the Comintern and the Soviet Union

Soviet Union

The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics was a Constitution of the Soviet Union socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991.The name is a translation of the , romanization of Russian Soyuz Sovetskikh Sotsialisticheskikh Respublik, abbreviated ????, SSSR....
to the Kuomintang

Kuomintang

The Kuomintang of China , also often translated as the Chinese Nationalist Party, is the founding and the ruling party of the Republic of China ....
government in Canton

Canton, China

Canton in China may refer to:* Canton City : Guangzhou, name used in most documents.* Canton Province : Guangdong, of which Guangzhou is the capital and the largest city....
, China

China

China is a Culture of China, an ancient civilization, and, depending on perspective, a national or multinational entity extending over a large area in East Asia....
. He was a prominent advisor to Dr. Sun Yat Sen at that time. Following his suggestion, the Kuomintang opened itself to Leninist

Leninism

Leninism refers to various related Political science and economics theories elaborated by the Bolshevik Communism leader Vladimir Lenin. Leninism builds upon and elaborates the ideas of Marxism, and serves as a philosophical basis for the ideology of Soviet communism....
ideas, communists were allowed to join, and the Whampoa Military Academy

Whampoa Military Academy

The Nationalist Party of China Army Officer Academy , commonly known as the Whampoa Military Academy , was a military academy in the Republic of China that produced many prestigious commanders who fought in many of China's conflicts in the 20th century, notably the Northern Expedition , the Second Sino-Japanese War and the Chinese Civ...
was established.

After Dr. Sun Yat Sen's death in 1925, he remained an advisor to the Kuomintang government until 1928, when Chiang Kai-Shek

Chiang Kai-shek

Chiang Kai-shek , Order of the Bath , served as Generalissimo of the Nationalist Government of the Republic of China from 1928 to 1948. He was sometimes referred to simply as "the Generalissimo"....
purged communists and sought to have him arrested. Borodin returned to the Soviet Union in 1928 and worked briefly as editor of the English language Moscow News
Moscow News

File:Moscow-news-1979.jpgThe Moscow News, which began publication in 1930, is Russia?s oldest English-language publication newspaper. Many of its feature articles used to be translated from the now defunct Russian Moskovskiye Novosti....
.

In 1949, he was accused of being an enemy of the Soviet Union and was sent to a gulag

Gulag

The Gulag was the government agency that administered the penal labor camps of the Soviet Union. Gulag is the Russian acronym for The Chief Administration of Corrective Labor Camps and Colonies of the NKVD....
in Siberia

Siberia

Siberia , is the name given to the vast region constituting almost all of North Asia and for the most part currently serving as the massive central and eastern portion of the Russian Federation, having served in the same capacity previously for the Soviet Union from its beginning, and the Russian Empire beginning in the 16th century....
, where he died two years later.

Kenneth Rexroth

Kenneth Rexroth

Kenneth Rexroth was an American poet, translator and critical essayist. He was among the first poets in the United States to explore traditional Japanese poetic forms such as haiku....
mentions Borodin in his poem Another Early Morning Exercise, as well as André Malraux

André Malraux

Andr? Malraux was a France author, adventurer and statesman, and a dominant figure in French politics and culture....
in his first novel Les Conquérants (published in 1928).

Mikhail Borodin

Further reading