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Michael H. Hart

 

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Michael H. Hart



 
 
Michael H. Hart (born April 28, 1932 in New York City
New York City

The City of New York is the List of United States cities by population in the United States, while the New York metropolitan area ranks among the List of urban areas by population....
) is an astrophysicist who has also written three books on history
HIStory

HIStory: Past, Present and Future, Book I is a double album by Michael Jackson, released on June 20, 1995, and is Jackson's ninth. The first disc, named "HIStory Begins" consists of a selection of Jackson's greatest hits from the singer's past fifteen years, while the second, named "HIStory Continues" features new songs, with the...
 and controversial articles on a variety of subjects.

Hart, a graduate of the Bronx High School of Science
Bronx High School of Science

The Bronx High School of Science is a Specialized High Schools of New York City New York City public high school. Founded in 1938, it is currently located in the Bedford Park, Bronx, New York section of the Bronx....
 who enlisted in the U.S. Army during the Korean war
Korean War

The Korean War refers to a period of military conflict between North Korea and South Korea regimes, with major hostilities lasting from June 25, 1950 until the armistice signed on July 27, 1953....
, received his undergraduate degree at Cornell in mathematics and later earned a PhD in astrophysics
Astrophysics

Astrophysics is the branch of astronomy that deals with the physics of the universe, including the physical properties of astronomical objects such as galaxy, stars, planets, exoplanets, and the interstellar medium, as well as their interactions....
 at Princeton University
Princeton University

Princeton University is a private university university located in Princeton, New Jersey, New Jersey, United States. The school is one of the eight universities of the Ivy League and has the largest per-student Financial endowment in the world....
. He also holds graduates degrees in physics
Physics

Physics is the natural science which examines basic concepts such as energy, force, and spacetime and all that derives from these, such as mass, charge, matter and its Motion ....
, astronomy
Astronomy

Astronomy is the science of Astronomical object and Phenomenon that originate outside the Earth's atmosphere . It is concerned with the evolution, physics, chemistry, meteorology, and motion of celestial objects, as well as the physical cosmology....
, and computer science
Computer science

Computer science is the study of the theoretical foundations of information and computation, and of practical techniques for their implementation and application in computer systems....
, as well as a law
LAW

LAW may refer to:* Anti-tank warfare, e.g. the US Army M72 LAW or the British Army LAW 80*Palestinian Society for the Protection of Human Rights ...
 degree.






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Michael H. Hart (born April 28, 1932 in New York City
New York City

The City of New York is the List of United States cities by population in the United States, while the New York metropolitan area ranks among the List of urban areas by population....
) is an astrophysicist who has also written three books on history
HIStory

HIStory: Past, Present and Future, Book I is a double album by Michael Jackson, released on June 20, 1995, and is Jackson's ninth. The first disc, named "HIStory Begins" consists of a selection of Jackson's greatest hits from the singer's past fifteen years, while the second, named "HIStory Continues" features new songs, with the...
 and controversial articles on a variety of subjects.

Hart, a graduate of the Bronx High School of Science
Bronx High School of Science

The Bronx High School of Science is a Specialized High Schools of New York City New York City public high school. Founded in 1938, it is currently located in the Bedford Park, Bronx, New York section of the Bronx....
 who enlisted in the U.S. Army during the Korean war
Korean War

The Korean War refers to a period of military conflict between North Korea and South Korea regimes, with major hostilities lasting from June 25, 1950 until the armistice signed on July 27, 1953....
, received his undergraduate degree at Cornell in mathematics and later earned a PhD in astrophysics
Astrophysics

Astrophysics is the branch of astronomy that deals with the physics of the universe, including the physical properties of astronomical objects such as galaxy, stars, planets, exoplanets, and the interstellar medium, as well as their interactions....
 at Princeton University
Princeton University

Princeton University is a private university university located in Princeton, New Jersey, New Jersey, United States. The school is one of the eight universities of the Ivy League and has the largest per-student Financial endowment in the world....
. He also holds graduates degrees in physics
Physics

Physics is the natural science which examines basic concepts such as energy, force, and spacetime and all that derives from these, such as mass, charge, matter and its Motion ....
, astronomy
Astronomy

Astronomy is the science of Astronomical object and Phenomenon that originate outside the Earth's atmosphere . It is concerned with the evolution, physics, chemistry, meteorology, and motion of celestial objects, as well as the physical cosmology....
, and computer science
Computer science

Computer science is the study of the theoretical foundations of information and computation, and of practical techniques for their implementation and application in computer systems....
, as well as a law
LAW

LAW may refer to:* Anti-tank warfare, e.g. the US Army M72 LAW or the British Army LAW 80*Palestinian Society for the Protection of Human Rights ...
 degree. He was a research scientist at NASA
NASA

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration is an agency of the Federal government of the United States, responsible for the nation's public list of space agencies....
 before leaving to be a professor of physics
Physics

Physics is the natural science which examines basic concepts such as energy, force, and spacetime and all that derives from these, such as mass, charge, matter and its Motion ....
 at Trinity University
Trinity University (Texas)

Trinity University is an independent, primarily undergraduate, liberal arts college in San Antonio, Texas, Texas....
 in San Antonio, Texas
San Antonio, Texas

San Antonio is the second-largest city in the state of Texas and the List of United States cities by population. Located in , the city is a cultural and geographical gateway into the ....
. He has also taught both astronomy
Astronomy

Astronomy is the science of Astronomical object and Phenomenon that originate outside the Earth's atmosphere . It is concerned with the evolution, physics, chemistry, meteorology, and motion of celestial objects, as well as the physical cosmology....
 and history of science
History of science

Science is a body of empirical knowledge, theory, and Procedural knowledge knowledge about the Nature, produced by a global community of researchers making use of scientific methods, which emphasize the observation, experimentation and scientific explanation of real world phenomenon....
 at Anne Arundel Community College
Anne Arundel Community College

Anne Arundel Community College, founded in 1961, is located in Arnold, Maryland. The college was named "Community College of the Year" by National Business Alliance in 2000....
 in Arnold, Maryland
Arnold, Maryland

Arnold is a census-designated place in Anne Arundel County, Maryland, Maryland, United States. The population was 23,422 at the 2000 census. Neighborhoods straddle both College Parkway as well as Maryland Route 2....
. His published work in peer-reviewed scientific journals includes several detailed computer simulations of atmospheric evolution.

His first book was The 100: A Ranking of the Most Influential Persons in History
The 100

The 100: A Ranking of the Most Influential Persons in History is a 1978 book by Michael H. Hart. It is a ranking of the 100 people who most influenced human history....
, which has sold more than 500,000 copies and been translated into 15 languages. His second book, A View from the Year 3000, published in 1999, is a history
HIStory

HIStory: Past, Present and Future, Book I is a double album by Michael Jackson, released on June 20, 1995, and is Jackson's ninth. The first disc, named "HIStory Begins" consists of a selection of Jackson's greatest hits from the singer's past fifteen years, while the second, named "HIStory Continues" features new songs, with the...
 of the future
Future

The future is a time period commonly understood to contain all events that have yet to occur. It is the opposite of the past, and is the time after the present....
 which includes both technological advances and political developments.

His most recent book, Understanding Human History (Washington Summit Publishers
Washington Summit Publishers

Washington Summit Publishers produces and sells books in the categories of anthropology, evolution, genetics, psychology, philosophy, and current events....
, 2007), is a history of humanity, beginning about 100,000 years ago and going through the 20th century. It includes discussions of developments in every major area of the world. Unlike other books on world history, Hart's work explicitly discusses group differences in intelligence
Intelligence

Intelligence is an umbrella term used to describe a property of the mind that encompasses many related abilities, such as the capacities to reason, to plan, to problem solving, to think abstraction, to comprehend ideas, to use language, and to Learning....
, and explains how, why, and when they arose. The book also discusses the many consequences that those differences have had on human events, starting in prehistoric times and continuing to the present. The book includes an abundance of data and tables, together with sixteen maps, three tables, an extensive bibliography, and a thorough index.

Hart describes himself as a Jeffersonian
Jeffersonian

Jeffersonian refers to several fields upon which the U.S. President Thomas Jefferson had an impact:*Jeffersonian Model*Jeffersonian architecture...
 liberal
Liberalism

Liberalism is a broad class of political philosophy that considers individualism liberty and equality to be the most important political goals....
, while his critics call him a conservative and a racial separatist. At a 2006 conference hosted by the American Renaissance
American Renaissance (magazine)

American Renaissance is a monthly racialist magazine published by the New Century Foundation. The magazine's founder Jared Taylor has been called a White separatism by the Southern Poverty Law Center....
, a "race-realist
Racial realism

Racial realism is a term used to describe two directly opposed positions, both motivated by the perceived durability and social importance of racial distinctions....
" organization, Hart had a public confrontation with David Duke
David Duke

David Ernest Duke is an American white nationalist, former Grand Wizard of the Knights of the Ku Klux Klan, former Republican Party Louisiana House of Representatives, and a perennial candidate in presidential primaries....
, the former Grand Wizard
Grand Wizard

Grand Wizard was the title given to the overall leader of the earliest form of the Ku Klux Klan, which formed during The South Reconstruction era of the United States....
 of the Ku Klux Klan
Ku Klux Klan

Ku Klux Klan is the name of several past and present secret domestic militant organizations in the United States, originating in the southern states and eventually having national scope, that are best known for advocating white supremacy and acting as terrorists while hidden behind conical hats, masks and white robes....
 and one-time Louisiana
Louisiana

The State of Louisiana is a U.S. state located in the U.S. Southern States of the United States of America. Its capital is Baton Rouge and largest city is New Orleans....
 politician, over Duke's antisemitic remarks.

Among Hart's controversial articles was one, published in 1975, that gave strong scientific support for the conclusion that the only intelligent life in the Milky Way Galaxy resides on the planet Earth
Earth

Earth is the third planet from the Sun. Earth is the largest of the terrestrial planets in the Solar System in diameter, mass and density. It is also referred to as the World and Wiktionary:Terra.Note that by International Astronomical Union convention, the term "Terra" is used for naming extensive land masses, rather...
.

Another article disputed the authorship of the literary works of Shakespeare, asserting that the famous plays and poems were in fact written by Edward de Vere, the 17th Earl of Oxford rather than the man from Stratford-on-Avon who is credited with them.

Also controversial was his paper that suggested that a future of Yugoslavia
Yugoslavia

File:LocationYugoslavia2.pngYugoslavia is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the Balkan Peninsula in Europe, during most of the 20th century....
-type ethnic conflict in the United States
United States

The United States of America is a Federal government constitutional republic comprising U.S. state and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its Contiguous United States and Washington, D.C., the Capital districts and territories, lie between the Pacific Ocean and Atlantic Oceans, Borders of the U...
 could be avoided by a voluntary partition
Partition (politics)

In political science, a partition is a change of political borders cutting through at least one community?s homeland. That change is done primarily via diplomatic means, and use of military force is negligible....
 of the country into three states: an integrated mixed-race state, a white state, and a black state.

Bibliography


  • The 100: A Ranking of the Most Influential Persons in History
    The 100

    The 100: A Ranking of the Most Influential Persons in History is a 1978 book by Michael H. Hart. It is a ranking of the 100 people who most influenced human history....
    , 1978 (Revised Edition, 1992)
  • Extra-Terrestrials, Where Are They? (co-edited with Ben Zuckerman), 1982
  • A View from the Year 3000 (Poseidon Press, 1999)
  • Understanding Human History (Washington Summit Publishers, 2007).


Further reading


  • Interview with Michael H. Hart by Russell K. Neili, April 14, 2000. Contemporary Voices of White Nationalism in America, edited by Carol M. Swain and Russ Nieli, Cambridge University Press, 2003, pp. 184–202.