Miao language
Encyclopedia
Miao refers to the various languages of the Miao
(Hmong) peoples of China
. The Miao languages are part of the Hmong–Mien language family. It is written with Chinese characters or the Latin alphabet
. Today in the United States
, the Romanized Popular Alphabet
is often used, for White Hmong, but most Miao languages remain unwritten (even though in China, there're 4 distinct Roman Hmong alphabets taught and used for all the 3 branches, which was developed in 1950s, these systems are still unknown to the United States).
The Miao languages include:
after 1905, this is still used for White Miao . Currently a dialect has been taken as the standard dialect of Hmu language [East Guizhou
dialect (黔东方言 Qián-Dōng fāngyán)] for Miao language textbook teaching in China. The all these three dialects used to use a number of different sinogram and syllabary writing systems.
Miao people
The Miao or ม้ง ; ) is an ethnic group recognized by the government of the People's Republic of China as one of the 55 official minority groups. Miao is a Chinese term and does not reflect the self-designations of the component nations of people, which include Hmong, Hmu, A Hmao, and Kho Xiong...
(Hmong) peoples of China
China
Chinese civilization may refer to:* China for more general discussion of the country.* Chinese culture* Greater China, the transnational community of ethnic Chinese.* History of China* Sinosphere, the area historically affected by Chinese culture...
. The Miao languages are part of the Hmong–Mien language family. It is written with Chinese characters or the Latin alphabet
Latin alphabet
The Latin alphabet, also called the Roman alphabet, is the most recognized alphabet used in the world today. It evolved from a western variety of the Greek alphabet called the Cumaean alphabet, which was adopted and modified by the Etruscans who ruled early Rome...
. Today in the United States
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
, the Romanized Popular Alphabet
Romanized Popular Alphabet
The Romanized Popular Alphabet or Hmong RPA , is a system of romanization for the various dialects of the Hmong language. Created in Laos between 1951 and 1953 by a group of missionaries and Hmong advisers, it has gone on to become the most widespread system for writing the Hmong language in the...
is often used, for White Hmong, but most Miao languages remain unwritten (even though in China, there're 4 distinct Roman Hmong alphabets taught and used for all the 3 branches, which was developed in 1950s, these systems are still unknown to the United States).
The Miao languages include:
- Hmong languageHmong languageHmong or Mong is the common name for a dialect continuum of the West Hmongic branch of the Hmong–Mien/Miao–Yao language family spoken by the Hmong people of Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou, Guangxi, northern Vietnam, Thailand, and Laos...
(Western Hmongic languages, 川黔滇方言 Chuān-Qián-Diān fāngyán)- ChuanSichuan' , known formerly in the West by its postal map spellings of Szechwan or Szechuan is a province in Southwest China with its capital in Chengdu...
-qianGuizhou' is a province of the People's Republic of China located in the southwestern part of the country. Its provincial capital city is Guiyang.- History :...
-dianYunnanYunnan is a province of the People's Republic of China, located in the far southwest of the country spanning approximately and with a population of 45.7 million . The capital of the province is Kunming. The province borders Burma, Laos, and Vietnam.Yunnan is situated in a mountainous area, with...
sub-dialect (川黔滇次方言 Chuān-Qián-Diān cìfāngyán) Standard Hmong based on Dananshan (Hmong Len) [cqd]- First patois (第一土语)
- Hmong Daw in Lao–U.S. orthography [mww]
- Hmong Njua [hnj]
- Hmong Len
- Second patois (第二土语)
- (only found in China)
- First patois (第一土语)
- Diandongbei (滇东北次方言) - Standard A Hmao [hmd]
- etc.
- Chuan
- Hmu language (黔东方言)
- Standard Hmu [hea]
- Xong language (湘西方言)
- Standard Xong [mmr]
Teaching and Literacy of Miao language in China
Samuel Pollard introduced a Romanized script for the Flower MiaoMiao people
The Miao or ม้ง ; ) is an ethnic group recognized by the government of the People's Republic of China as one of the 55 official minority groups. Miao is a Chinese term and does not reflect the self-designations of the component nations of people, which include Hmong, Hmu, A Hmao, and Kho Xiong...
after 1905, this is still used for White Miao . Currently a dialect has been taken as the standard dialect of Hmu language [East Guizhou
Guizhou
' is a province of the People's Republic of China located in the southwestern part of the country. Its provincial capital city is Guiyang.- History :...
dialect (黔东方言 Qián-Dōng fāngyán)] for Miao language textbook teaching in China. The all these three dialects used to use a number of different sinogram and syllabary writing systems.