Metropolitan borough

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Metropolitan borough

A metropolitan borough is a type of local government district

Districts of England

The districts of England are a level of Subdivisions of England used for the purposes of local government. As the structure of local government in England is not uniform, there are currently four types of district level subdivision....
in England, and is a subdivision of a metropolitan county

Metropolitan county

The metropolitan counties are a type of county-level administrative division of England. There are six metropolitan counties, which each cover large urban areas, typically with populations of 1.2 to 2.8 million....
. Created in 1974 by the Local Government Act 1972

Local Government Act 1972

The Local Government Act 1972 is an Act of Parliament in the United Kingdom, that reformed local government in the United Kingdom in England and Wales, on 1 April 1974....
, metropolitan boroughs are defined in English law

English law

English law is the Legal systems of the world of England and Wales, and is the basis of common law legal systems used in most Commonwealth of Nations countriesand the United States ....
as metropolitan districts, however all of them have been granted or regranted royal charter

Royal Charter

A royal charter is a charter granted by a Monarch to create institutions or other forms of incorporated bodies . In the United Kingdom legal tradition a royal charter is in the form of letters patent....
s to give them borough status

Borough status in the United Kingdom

Borough status in the United Kingdom is granted by royal charter to local government districts in England, Wales and Northern Ireland. The status is purely honorary, and does not give any additional powers to the Borough Council or inhabitants of the district....
(as well as some with city status

City status in the United Kingdom

City status in the United Kingdom is granted by the British monarchy to a select group of communities. The holding of city status gives a settlement no special rights other than that of calling itself a "city"....
). Metropolitan boroughs are effectively unitary authority areas, since tha abolition of metropolitan county councils by the Local Government Act 1985

Local Government Act 1985

The Local Government Act 1985 was an Act of Parliament in the United Kingdom. Its main effect was to abolish the county councils of the metropolitan county that had been set up in 1974 by the Local Government Act 1972, along with the Greater London Council that had been established in 1965....
.

The term "metropolitan borough" was previously used from 1900 to 1965, for the subdivisions of the County of London

County of London

The County of London was a ceremonial counties of England and administrative counties of England of England from 1889 to 1965. It bordered Middlesex to the north and west, Essex to the north east, Kent to the south east and Surrey to the south....
created by the London Government Act 1899

London Government Act 1899

The London Government Act 1899 divided the County of London into 28 Metropolitan borough, replacing the 41 parish vestries and District Boards of Works administering the area....
.
current metropolitan boroughs were created in 1974 as subdivisions of the new metropolitan counties which were created to cover the six largest urban areas in England outside Greater London

Greater London

Greater London is the top-level administrative subdivision covering London, England. The administrative area was officially created in 1965 and covers the City of London , the City of Westminster and the other 31 London boroughs....
.

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Encyclopedia

A metropolitan borough is a type of local government district

Districts of England

Metropolitan county

Local Government Act 1972

English law

Royal Charter

Borough status in the United Kingdom

City status in the United Kingdom

Local Government Act 1985

County of London

London Government Act 1899

The London Government Act 1899 divided the County of London into 28 Metropolitan borough, replacing the 41 parish vestries and District Boards of Works administering the area....
.

Current metropolitan boroughs (post 1974)

The current metropolitan boroughs were created in 1974 as subdivisions of the new metropolitan counties which were created to cover the six largest urban areas in England outside Greater London

Greater London

County borough

County borough is a term introduced in 1889 in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland , to refer to a borough or a city independent of county council control....
s, municipal borough

Municipal borough

Municipal boroughs were a type of local government which existed in England and Wales between 1835 and 1974, in Northern Ireland from 1840 to 1973 and in the Republic of Ireland from 1840 to 2002....
s, urban

Urban district

In the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland, an urban district was a type of local government district that covered an urbanised area. Urban districts had an elected Urban District Council , which shared local government responsibilities with a county council....
and rural district

Rural district

Rural districts were a type of local government area – now superseded – established at the end of the 19th century in England, Wales, and Ireland for the administration of predominantly rural areas at a level lower than that of the Administrative county....
s. The districts typically have populations of 174,000 to 1.1 million.

Metropolitan districts were originally part of a two-tier structure of local government, and shared power with the metropolitan county councils (MCCs). They differed from non-metropolitan district

Non-metropolitan district

Non-metropolitan districts, or colloquially 'shire districts', are a type of Districts of England in England. As originally created, they are sub-divisions of non-metropolitan county in a so-called "two-tier" arrangement....
s, in the division of powers between district and county councils. Metropolitan districts were Local Education Authorities

Local Education Authority

A Local Education Authority is the part of a local government in the United Kingdom, or local authority , in England and Wales that is responsible for education within that council's jurisdiction....
and were responsible for social services and libraries

Library

A library is a collection of information, sources, resources, books, and services, and the structure in which it is housed: it is organized for use and maintained by a public body, an institution, or a private individual....
; in non-metropolitan counties these services were the responsibility of county council

County council

A County council is the elected administrative body governing an area known as a county. This term has slightly different meanings in different countries....
s.

In 1986 the metropolitan county councils were abolished by the Local Government Act 1985 and most of their functions were devolved to the boroughs, making them to a large extent unitary authorities

Unitary authority

A unitary authority is a type of local authority that has a single tier and is responsible for all local government functions within its area or performs additional functions which elsewhere in the relevant country are usually performed by national government or a higher level of sub-national government....
. Some of the functions of the abolished county councils were taken over by joint bodies such as Passenger Transport Authorities

Passenger Transport Executive

In the United Kingdom, passenger transport executives are Local government in the United Kingdom bodies which are responsible for public transport within large urban areas....
, and joint fire, police and waste disposal authorities.

The 36 metropolitan boroughs are:

Metropolitan County	Metropolitan Boroughs
Greater Manchester Greater Manchester Greater Manchester is a metropolitan county in North West England, with a population of List of ceremonial counties of England by population. It encompasses one of the largest metropolitan areas in the United Kingdom and comprises ten metropolitan boroughs: Metropolitan Borough of Bolton, Metropolitan Borough of Bury, Metropolitan Borough of...	Manchester Manchester Manchester is a city and metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester, England. Manchester was granted City status in the United Kingdom in 1853.... , Bolton Metropolitan Borough of Bolton The Metropolitan Borough of Bolton is a metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester, England. It is named after its largest town Bolton, but covers a far larger area including six smaller towns and a number of villages around the West Pennine Moors.... , Bury Metropolitan Borough of Bury The Metropolitan borough of Bury is a metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester, in the northwest of England. Lying to the north of the City of Manchester, the borough consists of six towns: Bury, Ramsbottom, Tottington, Greater Manchester, Radcliffe, Greater Manchester, Whitefield, Greater Manchester and Prestwich, and has a population of 1... , Oldham Metropolitan Borough of Oldham The Metropolitan Borough of Oldham is a metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester, in North West England. It is named after its largest town, Oldham, but covers a far larger area totaling , which includes the towns of Chadderton, Failsworth, Royton, and Shaw and Crompton.... , Rochdale Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale The Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale is a metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester in North West England. It is named after its largest town, Rochdale, but spans a far larger area which includes the towns of Middleton, Greater Manchester, Heywood, Greater Manchester, Littleborough, Greater Manchester and Milnrow, and the village of Wardle,... , Salford City of Salford The City of Salford is a local government district of Greater Manchester, England, with the status of a City status in the United Kingdom and metropolitan borough.... , Stockport Metropolitan Borough of Stockport The Metropolitan Borough of Stockport is a metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester, in north west England, centered around the town of Stockport.... , Tameside Tameside The Metropolitan Borough of Tameside is a metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester in North West England. It is named after the River Tame, Greater Manchester which flows through the borough and consists of the nine towns of Ashton-under-Lyne, Audenshaw, Denton, Greater Manchester, Droylsden, Dukinfield, Hyde, Greater Manchester, Mottram in... , Trafford Trafford The Metropolitan Borough of Trafford is a metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester, England. It has a population of 211,800, covers , and includes the towns of Altrincham, Partington, Greater Manchester, Sale, Greater Manchester, Stretford, and Urmston.... , Wigan Metropolitan Borough of Wigan The Metropolitan Borough of Wigan is a metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester, in North West England. It is named after its main component town, Wigan, but covers a far larger area, which includes the towns of Leigh, Greater Manchester, Ashton-in-Makerfield, Ince-in-Makerfield, and Hindley, Greater Manchester....
Merseyside Merseyside Merseyside is a metropolitan county in North West England, with a population of 1,365,900. Taking its name from the River Mersey, the title "Merseyside" came into existence as a metropolitan county in 1974, after the passage of the Local Government Act 1972, and the county consists of five metropolitan boroughs adjoining the Mersey estuary,...	Liverpool Liverpool Liverpool [] is a city and metropolitan borough of Merseyside, England, along the eastern side of the Mersey Estuary. It was founded as a History of borough status in England and Wales in 1207 and was granted City status in the United Kingdom in 1880.... , Knowsley, Sefton, St Helens Metropolitan Borough of St Helens The Metropolitan Borough of St Helens is a metropolitan borough of Merseyside, in North West England England. It is named after its largest town, St Helens, Merseyside, though covers a much wider area which includes the settlements of Newton-le-Willows, Earlestown, Haydock, Rainhill, Eccleston , Clock Face, Merseyside, Billinge and Winstanley... , Wirral Metropolitan Borough of Wirral The Metropolitan Borough of Wirral is a metropolitan borough of Merseyside, North West England, which occupies the northern part of the Wirral Peninsula....
South Yorkshire South Yorkshire South Yorkshire is a metropolitan county in the Yorkshire and the Humber region of England. It has a population of List of ceremonial counties of England by population....	Sheffield Sheffield Sheffield is a city status in the United Kingdom and metropolitan borough in South Yorkshire, England. It is so named because of its origins in a field on the River Sheaf that runs through the city.... , Barnsley Metropolitan Borough of Barnsley Barnsley is a metropolitan borough of the metropolitan county of South Yorkshire, England. Its main town is Barnsley.The borough is bisected by the M1 motorway; it is rural to the west, and largely urban/industrial to the east.... , Doncaster Metropolitan Borough of Doncaster The Metropolitan Borough of Doncaster is a metropolitan borough of South Yorkshire in Yorkshire and the Humber Region of England.In addition to the town of Doncaster, the borough covers Mexborough, Conisbrough, Thorne and Finningley, where the former Royal Air Force Vulcan bomber base was converted into a passenger airport, Robin Hood Airpo... , Rotherham Metropolitan Borough of Rotherham Rotherham is a metropolitan borough of South Yorkshire, England. It is named for its main town, Rotherham. Despite a swing against Labour in 2008, it is one of the safest Labour councils in the country and now their only safe council in Yorkshire....
Tyne and Wear Tyne and Wear Tyne and Wear is a metropolitan county in North East England England around the mouths of the Rivers River Tyne and River Wear. It came into existence as a metropolitan county in 1974 after the passage of the Local Government Act 1972....	Newcastle upon Tyne Newcastle upon Tyne Newcastle upon Tyne is a City status in the United Kingdom and metropolitan borough of Tyne and Wear, in North East England. Situated on the north bank of the River Tyne, the city developed from a Roman Empire settlement called Pons Aelius, though it owes its name to the Newcastle Castle built in 1080, by Robert Curthose, the eldest son of... , Gateshead Metropolitan Borough of Gateshead Gateshead is a metropolitan borough in Tyne and Wear, in north-east England. It is named for its main town, Gateshead. Other settlements include Rowlands Gill, Whickham, Blaydon and Ryton, Tyne and Wear.... , South Tyneside South Tyneside South Tyneside is a metropolitan borough in Tyne and Wear in North East England England.It is bordered by four other boroughs - Newcastle upon Tyne and Gateshead to the west, Sunderland in the south, and North Tyneside to the north.... , North Tyneside North Tyneside North Tyneside is a metropolitan borough of Tyne and Wear in the North East England of England. Its seat is at the Town Hall, Wallsend.Created in 1974, the borough lies within the Historic counties of England of Northumberland.... , Sunderland City of Sunderland The city of Sunderland is a local government district of Tyne and Wear, in North East England, with the status of a City status in the United Kingdom and metropolitan borough....
West Midlands West Midlands (county) The West Midlands is a metropolitan county in West Midlands England with a population of 2,591,300. It came into existence as a metropolitan county in 1974 after the passage of the Local Government Act 1972....	Birmingham Birmingham Birmingham is a city status in the United Kingdom and metropolitan borough in the West Midlands of England. Birmingham is the most populous of England's English Core Cities Group, and is the List of United Kingdom cities by population British city after London, with a population of 1,010,200 .... , Coventry Coventry Coventry is a City status in the United Kingdom and metropolitan borough in the county of West Midlands in England. With a population of 303,475 at the United Kingdom Census 2001 , Coventry is the 9th largest city in England and the 11th largest in the United Kingdom.... , Dudley Metropolitan Borough of Dudley The Metropolitan borough of Dudley is a metropolitan borough in the West Midlands of England. It was created in 1974, and is made up of the towns of Dudley , Stourbridge, Halesowen, Brierley Hill, Amblecote, Sedgley and Coseley.... , Sandwell Sandwell Sandwell is a metropolitan borough in the West Midlands of England. It is made up of the towns of Oldbury, West Midlands, Rowley Regis, Smethwick, Tipton, Wednesbury, Cradley Heath, Tividale and West Bromwich.... , Solihull Metropolitan Borough of Solihull The Metropolitan Borough of Solihull is a metropolitan borough in the ceremonial county of West Midlands in the United Kingdom. It is named after its main town of Solihull, which is the seat of Solihull Metropolitan Borough Council.... , Walsall Metropolitan Borough of Walsall The Metropolitan Borough of Walsall is a metropolitan borough of the West Midlands , England. It is named after Walsall, its administrative headquarters.... , Wolverhampton Wolverhampton Wolverhampton is a City status in the United Kingdom and metropolitan borough of the West Midlands , England. In 2004, the local government district had an estimated population of 239,100; the wider Urban Area had a population of List of English cities by population, which makes it the 13th most populous city in England....
West Yorkshire West Yorkshire West Yorkshire is a metropolitan county within the Yorkshire and the Humber region of England with a population of List of ceremonial counties of England by population....	Leeds City of Leeds City of Leeds is a local government district of West Yorkshire, England, with the status of a City status in the United Kingdom and metropolitan borough.... , Bradford City of Bradford City of Bradford is a Local government in England of West Yorkshire, England, with the status of a metropolitan borough and a city status in the United Kingdom.... , Calderdale Calderdale The Metropolitan Borough of Calderdale is a metropolitan borough of the metropolitan county of West Yorkshire, England, through which the upper part of the River Calder flows, and from which it takes its name.... , Kirklees Kirklees The Metropolitan Borough of Kirklees is a metropolitan borough of West Yorkshire, England. It has a population of 401,000 and includes the settlements of Batley, Birstall, West Yorkshire, Cleckheaton, Denby Dale, Dewsbury, Heckmondwike, Holmfirth, Huddersfield, Kirkburton, Marsden, West Yorkshire, Meltham, Mirfield and Slaithwaite.... , Wakefield City of Wakefield The City of Wakefield is a Local government in England of West Yorkshire, England, with the status of a City status in the United Kingdom and metropolitan borough....

Metropolitan boroughs of London (1900-1965)

The first metropolitan boroughs were created in 1900 by the London Government Act 1899

London Government Act 1899

The London Government Act 1899 divided the County of London into 28 Metropolitan borough, replacing the 41 parish vestries and District Boards of Works administering the area....
which created 28 metropolitan boroughs as sub-divisions of the County of London

County of London

Vestry

A vestry is a storage room in or attached to a Church or synagogue. A vestry is also an administrative committee of a church....
as the second tier of local government. They were the following:

Battersea
Metropolitan Borough of Battersea

The Metropolitan Borough of Battersea was a metropolitan borough of the County of London of England between 1900 and 1965.It was created by the London Government Act 1899 from the former Battersea ....
Bermondsey
Metropolitan Borough of Bermondsey

The Metropolitan Borough of Bermondsey was a metropolitan borough in the County of London, created in 1900 by the London Government Act 1899. It was abolished and its area became part of the London Borough of Southwark in 1965....
Bethnal Green
Metropolitan Borough of Bethnal Green

The Metropolitan Borough of Bethnal Green was a metropolitan borough in the County of London between 1900 and 1965, when it was merged into the London Borough of Tower Hamlets....
Camberwell
Metropolitan Borough of Camberwell

The Metropolitan Borough of Camberwell was a metropolitan borough in the County of London. It was created in 1900 by the London Government Act 1899, covering the area of the ancient parish of Camberwell....
Chelsea
Metropolitan Borough of Chelsea

The Metropolitan Borough of Chelsea was a metropolitan borough of the County of London between 1900 and 1965. It was created by the London Government Act 1899 from most of the ancient parish of Chelsea, London....
Deptford
Metropolitan Borough of Deptford

The Metropolitan Borough of Deptford was a metropolitan borough in the County of London between 1900 and 1965, when it became part of the London Borough of Lewisham along with the Metropolitan Borough of Lewisham....
Finsbury
Metropolitan Borough of Finsbury

The Metropolitan Borough of Finsbury was a metropolitan borough within the County of London from 1900 to 1965, when it was amalgamated with the Metropolitan Borough of Islington to form the London Borough of Islington....
Fulham
Metropolitan Borough of Fulham

The Metropolitan Borough of Fulham was a metropolitan borough in the County of London between 1900 and 1965, when it was merged with the Metropolitan Borough of Hammersmith to form the London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham....
Greenwich
Metropolitan Borough of Greenwich

The Metropolitan Borough of Greenwich was a metropolitan borough in the County of London between 1900 and 1965. It was amalgamated with the Metropolitan Borough of Woolwich to form the London Borough of Greenwich....
Hackney
Metropolitan Borough of Hackney

The Metropolitan Borough of Hackney was a metropolitan borough of the County of London from 1900 to 1965. Its area became part of the London Borough of Hackney....
Hammersmith
Metropolitan Borough of Hammersmith

The Metropolitan Borough of Hammersmith was, between 1900 and 1965, a metropolitan borough of the County of London. It included Hammersmith, Wormwood Scrubs, Old Oak Common and Shepherd's Bush....
Hampstead
Metropolitan Borough of Hampstead

The Metropolitan Borough of Hampstead was a metropolitan borough of the County of London from 1900 to 1965, when it was amalgamated with the Metropolitan Borough of St Pancras and the Metropolitan Borough of Holborn to form the London Borough of Camden....
Holborn
Metropolitan Borough of Holborn

The Metropolitan Borough of Holborn was a metropolitan borough in the County of London between 1900 and 1965, when it was amalgamated with the Metropolitan Borough of St Pancras and the Metropolitan Borough of Hampstead to form the London Borough of Camden....
Islington
Metropolitan Borough of Islington

The Metropolitan Borough of Islington was a metropolitan borough within the County of London from 1900 to 1965, when it was amalgamated with the Metropolitan Borough of Finsbury to form the London Borough of Islington....
Kensington
Metropolitan Borough of Kensington

The Metropolitan Borough of Kensington was a metropolitan borough in the County of London from 1900 to 1965.It bordered Chelsea, Metropolitan Borough of Fulham, Metropolitan Borough of Hammersmith, Metropolitan Borough of Paddington, and Metropolitan Borough of Westminster...
Lambeth
Metropolitan Borough of Lambeth

The Metropolitan Borough of Lambeth was a metropolitan borough under London County Council from 1900 to 1965....
Lewisham
Metropolitan Borough of Lewisham

The Metropolitan Borough of Lewisham was a metropolitan borough in the County of London between 1900 and 1965, when it became part of the London Borough of Lewisham along with the Metropolitan Borough of Deptford....
Paddington
Metropolitan Borough of Paddington

The Metropolitan Borough of Paddington was a metropolitan borough of the County of London between 1900 and 1965....
Poplar
Metropolitan Borough of Poplar

The Metropolitan Borough of Poplar was between 1900 and 1965 a metropolitan borough in the County of London. The borough took over the area of the Poplar Board of Works , and comprised the civil parish of Bow, London, Bromley-by-Bow and Poplar, London....
Shoreditch
Metropolitan Borough of Shoreditch

The Metropolitan Borough of Shoreditch was a metropolitan borough of the County of London between 1900 and 1965, when it was merged with the Metropolitan Borough of Stoke Newington and the Metropolitan Borough of Hackney to form the London Borough of Hackney....
Southwark
Metropolitan Borough of Southwark

The Metropolitan Borough of Southwark was a metropolitan borough in the County of London....
St Marylebone
Metropolitan Borough of St Marylebone

The Metropolitan Borough of St Marylebone was a metropolitan borough of the County of London from 1900 to 1965. It was based directly on the previously existing civil parish of St Marylebone, which was incorporated into the Metropolitan Board of Works area in 1855, retaining a parish vestry, and then became part of the County of London in 18...
St Pancras
Metropolitan Borough of St Pancras

The Metropolitan Borough of St Pancras was a metropolitan borough of the County of London between 1900 and 1965, when it was amalgamated with the Metropolitan Borough of Hampstead and the Metropolitan Borough of Holborn to form the London Borough of Camden....
Stepney
Metropolitan Borough of Stepney

The Metropolitan Borough of Stepney was a metropolitan borough in the County of London created in 1900. In 1965 it became part of the London Borough of Tower Hamlets....
Stoke Newington
Metropolitan Borough of Stoke Newington

The Metropolitan Borough of Stoke Newington was a metropolitan borough in the County of London between 1900 and 1965 when it became part of the London Borough of Hackney....
Wandsworth
Metropolitan Borough of Wandsworth

The Metropolitan Borough of Wandsworth was a metropolitan borough under the London County Council, from 1900 to 1965.The borough was formed from five civil parishes: Clapham, Putney, Streatham, Tooting and Wandsworth....
Westminster
Metropolitan Borough of Westminster

The Metropolitan Borough of Westminster was a metropolitan borough in the County of London, England, from 1900 to 1965....
Woolwich
Metropolitan Borough of Woolwich

The Metropolitan Borough of Woolwich was a metropolitan borough in the County of London from 1900 to 1965.Most of it was amalgamated with the Metropolitan Borough of Greenwich to form the London Borough of Greenwich, but small parts, including North Woolwich, north of the river were instead included in the London Borough of Newham....

In 1965 the County of London was abolished by the London Government Act 1963

London Government Act 1963

The London Government Act 1963 is an Act of Parliament of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, which recognised officially the conurbation known as Greater London and created a new local government structure for the capital....
and replaced with the much larger Greater London

Greater London

London borough

The administrative area of Greater London contains thirty-two London boroughs. Inner London comprises twelve of these boroughs plus the City of London....
s.

Metropolitan borough

Current metropolitan boroughs (post 1974)

Metropolitan boroughs of London (1900-1965)

See also