Metres above the Adriatic
Encyclopedia
Metres above the Adriatic is an elevation reference system
used in Austria and some other European countries based on the average water level of the Adriatic Sea
at the Molo Sartorio in Triest harbour. Whilst the former Yugoslavian states still use this datum, in 1945 the former Austro-Hungarian states in the Eastern Block switched to the Kronstadt Gauge.
the 1875 gauge is used as the datum, the regions of the former Yugoslavia
use the 1900 gauge (Nadmorska visina, m/nv).
In Albania
(normal-orthometric height) they also refer to heights as metres above the Adriatic, but use a specific tide gauge in the port of Durrës
(the Durrës Gauge) as the datum.
is used. Austria's neighbours use other height systems which leads to differences between the heights. On the state borders these differences are:
(Differences: HAustria − Hneighbouring states)
Geodetic system
Geodetic systems or geodetic data are used in geodesy, navigation, surveying by cartographers and satellite navigation systems to translate positions indicated on their products to their real position on earth....
used in Austria and some other European countries based on the average water level of the Adriatic Sea
Adriatic Sea
The Adriatic Sea is a body of water separating the Italian Peninsula from the Balkan peninsula, and the system of the Apennine Mountains from that of the Dinaric Alps and adjacent ranges...
at the Molo Sartorio in Triest harbour. Whilst the former Yugoslavian states still use this datum, in 1945 the former Austro-Hungarian states in the Eastern Block switched to the Kronstadt Gauge.
Abbreviation
The individual countries using this datum abbreviate it in different ways depending on their local language, as follows:- Austria: m ü. Adria, m.ü.A. or müA, colloquially known as Seehöhe or Adriahöhe
- Hungary: mAf from méter Adria felett
- Former Yugoslavian states: m. i. J. from Metara iznad Jadrana
Gauge
Whilst for AustriaAustria
Austria , officially the Republic of Austria , is a landlocked country of roughly 8.4 million people in Central Europe. It is bordered by the Czech Republic and Germany to the north, Slovakia and Hungary to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the...
the 1875 gauge is used as the datum, the regions of the former Yugoslavia
Yugoslavia
Yugoslavia refers to three political entities that existed successively on the western part of the Balkans during most of the 20th century....
use the 1900 gauge (Nadmorska visina, m/nv).
In Albania
Albania
Albania , officially known as the Republic of Albania , is a country in Southeastern Europe, in the Balkans region. It is bordered by Montenegro to the northwest, Kosovo to the northeast, the Republic of Macedonia to the east and Greece to the south and southeast. It has a coast on the Adriatic Sea...
(normal-orthometric height) they also refer to heights as metres above the Adriatic, but use a specific tide gauge in the port of Durrës
Durrës
Durrës is the second largest city of Albania located on the central Albanian coast, about west of the capital Tirana. It is one of the most ancient and economically important cities of Albania. Durres is situated at one of the narrower points of the Adriatic Sea, opposite the Italian ports of Bari...
(the Durrës Gauge) as the datum.
Height differences between Austria and its neighbours
In Austria orthometric heightOrthometric height
The orthometric height is the distance H along a line of force from a given point P at the physical surface of an object to the geoid.Orthometric heights are what are usually used in the US for ordinary engineering work. Values for measured points can be obtained from the National Geodetic Survey...
is used. Austria's neighbours use other height systems which leads to differences between the heights. On the state borders these differences are:
- Germany: +25 to +34.6 cm (normal-orthometric height – Amsterdam Tide Gauge – Normalnull)
- Italy: −0.5 to −3.2 cm (orthometric heightOrthometric heightThe orthometric height is the distance H along a line of force from a given point P at the physical surface of an object to the geoid.Orthometric heights are what are usually used in the US for ordinary engineering work. Values for measured points can be obtained from the National Geodetic Survey...
– Genua Tide Gauge) - Switzerland: −1.6 to −7.5 cm (orthometric height – Marseille Tide Gauge – Metres above the Sea (Switzerland)Metres above the Sea (Switzerland)Metres above the Sea is the elevation reference system used in Switzerland. Both the system and the term are also used in the Principality of Liechtenstein.- Use :...
) - Slovakia: +57 cm (normal heightNormal heightNormal heights are heights above sea level, one of several types of height which are all computed slightly differently. Alternatives are: orthometric heights and dynamic heights....
– Kronstadt Tide Gauge) - Slovenia: −8 to −12 cm (normal-orthometric height – 1900 Trieste Tide Gauge)
- Czech Rep.: +46 to +56.3 cm (normal height – Kronstadt Tide Gauge) and
- Hungary: +49.6 to +60.6 cm (normal height, hungarian Tengerszint feletti magasság – Kronstadt Tide Gauge).
(Differences: HAustria − Hneighbouring states)
See also
- MetreMetreThe metre , symbol m, is the base unit of length in the International System of Units . Originally intended to be one ten-millionth of the distance from the Earth's equator to the North Pole , its definition has been periodically refined to reflect growing knowledge of metrology...
- Normalhöhennull (NHN)NormalhöhennullNormalhöhennull or NHN is a standard reference level, the equivalent of sea level, used in Germany to measure height....
(equivalent in Germany) - Metres above the Sea (Switzerland)Metres above the Sea (Switzerland)Metres above the Sea is the elevation reference system used in Switzerland. Both the system and the term are also used in the Principality of Liechtenstein.- Use :...
External links
- Geodätisches Institut Zagreb (mainly Croatian, partly English)