Methanol (data page)

Material Safety Data Sheet

The handling of this chemical may incur notable safety precautions. It is highly recommend that you seek the Material Safety Datasheet (MSDS

Material safety data sheet

A Material Safety Data Sheet is a form with data regarding the properties of a particular substance....

) for this chemical from a reliable source such as SIRI, and follow its directions. MSDS is available at J.T. Baker.

Structure and properties

Structure and properties
Index of refraction, nD	1.328 at 20°C
Dielectric constant Dielectric constant The relative permittivity of a material under given conditions reflects the extent to which it concentrates electrostatic lines of flux. In technical terms, it is the ratio of the amount of electrical energy stored in a material by an applied voltage, relative to that stored in a vacuum... , εr	32.66 at 20°C
Bond strength	?
Bond length Bond length - Explanation :Bond length is related to bond order, when more electrons participate in bond formation the bond will get shorter. Bond length is also inversely related to bond strength and the bond dissociation energy, as a stronger bond will be shorter...	?
Bond angle	all 109.5°
Magnetic susceptibility Magnetic susceptibility In electromagnetism, the magnetic susceptibility \chi_m is a dimensionless proportionality constant that indicates the degree of magnetization of a material in response to an applied magnetic field...	5.3×10−7 cm3·g−1
Surface tension Surface tension Surface tension is a property of the surface of a liquid that allows it to resist an external force. It is revealed, for example, in floating of some objects on the surface of water, even though they are denser than water, and in the ability of some insects to run on the water surface...	22.5 dyn/cm at 20°C
Viscosity Viscosity Viscosity is a measure of the resistance of a fluid which is being deformed by either shear or tensile stress. In everyday terms , viscosity is "thickness" or "internal friction". Thus, water is "thin", having a lower viscosity, while honey is "thick", having a higher viscosity...	0.808 mPa·s at 0°C 0.690 mPa·s at 10°C 0.593 mPa·s at 20°C 0.449 mPa·s at 40°C 0.349 mPa·s at 60°C

Thermodynamic properties

Phase behavior
Triple point Triple point In thermodynamics, the triple point of a substance is the temperature and pressure at which the three phases of that substance coexist in thermodynamic equilibrium...	175.5 K (−97.7 °C), ? Pa
Critical point Critical point (thermodynamics) In physical chemistry, thermodynamics, chemistry and condensed matter physics, a critical point, also called a critical state, specifies the conditions at which a phase boundary ceases to exist...	513 K (240 °C), 78.5 bar
Std enthalpy change of fusion, ΔfusHo	3.215 kJ/mol
Std entropy change of fusion Standard entropy change of fusion The entropy of fusion is the increase in entropy when melting a substance. This is always positive since the degree of disorder increases in the transition from an organized crystalline solid to the disorganized structure of a liquid... , ΔfusSo	? J/(mol·K)
Std enthalpy change of vaporization Standard enthalpy change of vaporization The enthalpy of vaporization, , also known as the heat of vaporization or heat of evaporation, is the energy required to transform a given quantity of a substance into a gas at a given pressure .It is often measured at the normal boiling point of a substance; although tabulated values are usually... , ΔvapHo	+35.278 kJ/mol
Std entropy change of vaporization Standard entropy change of vaporization The entropy of vaporization is the increase in entropy when vaporizing a substance. This is always positive since the degree of disorder increases in the transition from an organized crystalline solid or a slightly less organized liquid to the extremely disorganized structure of a gas... , ΔvapSo	? J/(mol·K)
Solid properties
Std enthalpy change of formation Standard enthalpy change of formation The standard enthalpy of formation or standard heat of formation of a compound is the change of enthalpy that accompanies the formation of 1 mole of a substance in its standard state from its constituent elements in their standard states... , ΔfHosolid	? kJ/mol
Standard molar entropy Standard molar entropy In chemistry, the standard molar entropy is the entropy content of one mole of substance, under standard conditions .... , Sosolid	? J/(mol K)
Heat capacity Heat capacity Heat capacity , or thermal capacity, is the measurable physical quantity that characterizes the amount of heat required to change a substance's temperature by a given amount... , cp	? J/(mol K)
Liquid properties
Std enthalpy change of formation Standard enthalpy change of formation The standard enthalpy of formation or standard heat of formation of a compound is the change of enthalpy that accompanies the formation of 1 mole of a substance in its standard state from its constituent elements in their standard states... , ΔfHoliquid	−238.4 kJ/mol
Standard molar entropy Standard molar entropy In chemistry, the standard molar entropy is the entropy content of one mole of substance, under standard conditions .... , Soliquid	127.2 J/(mol K)
Enthalpy of combustion ΔcHo	–715.0 kJ/mol
Heat capacity Heat capacity Heat capacity , or thermal capacity, is the measurable physical quantity that characterizes the amount of heat required to change a substance's temperature by a given amount... , cp	79.5 J/(mol K)
Gas properties
Std enthalpy change of formation Standard enthalpy change of formation The standard enthalpy of formation or standard heat of formation of a compound is the change of enthalpy that accompanies the formation of 1 mole of a substance in its standard state from its constituent elements in their standard states... , ΔfHogas	−-101 kJ/mol
Standard molar entropy Standard molar entropy In chemistry, the standard molar entropy is the entropy content of one mole of substance, under standard conditions .... , Sogas	239.9 J/(mol K)
Heat capacity Heat capacity Heat capacity , or thermal capacity, is the measurable physical quantity that characterizes the amount of heat required to change a substance's temperature by a given amount... , cp	52.29 J/(mol K) at 77°C 61.43 J/(mol K) at 100-223°C
Heat capacity ratio Heat capacity ratio The heat capacity ratio or adiabatic index or ratio of specific heats, is the ratio of the heat capacity at constant pressure to heat capacity at constant volume . It is sometimes also known as the isentropic expansion factor and is denoted by \gamma or \kappa . The latter symbol kappa is... , γ = cp/cv	1.203 at 77°C
van der Waals' constants Van der Waals equation The van der Waals equation is an equation of state for a fluid composed of particles that have a non-zero volume and a pairwise attractive inter-particle force It was derived by Johannes Diderik van der Waals in 1873, who received the Nobel prize in 1910 for "his work on the equation of state for...	a = 964.9 L2 kPa/mol2 b = 0.06702 liter per mole

Spectral data

UV-Vis
λmax 205 Year 205 was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Aurelius and Geta...	? nm Nanometre A nanometre is a unit of length in the metric system, equal to one billionth of a metre. The name combines the SI prefix nano- with the parent unit name metre .The nanometre is often used to express dimensions on the atomic scale: the diameter...
Extinction coefficient Molar absorptivity The molar absorption coefficient, molar extinction coefficient, or molar absorptivity, is a measurement of how strongly a chemical species absorbs light at a given wavelength... , ε	?
IR Infrared Infrared light is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength longer than that of visible light, measured from the nominal edge of visible red light at 0.74 micrometres , and extending conventionally to 300 µm...
Major absorption bands	(liquid film) Wave number transmittance 3347 cm−1 6% 3336 cm−1 8% 2945 cm−1 18% 2833 cm−1 22% 2522 cm−1 77% 2046 cm−1 84% 1460 cm−1 47% 1116 cm−1 62% 1030 cm−1 4% 662 cm−1 58%
NMR NMR spectroscopy Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, most commonly known as NMR spectroscopy, is a research technique that exploits the magnetic properties of certain atomic nuclei to determine physical and chemical properties of atoms or the molecules in which they are contained...
Proton NMR Proton NMR Proton NMR is the application of nuclear magnetic resonance in NMR spectroscopy with respect to hydrogen-1 nuclei within the molecules of a substance, in order to determine the structure of its molecules. In samples where natural hydrogen is used, practically all of the hydrogen consists of the...	3.97 ppm, 3.417 ppm
Carbon-13 NMR Carbon-13 NMR Carbon-13 NMR is the application of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to carbon. It is analogous to proton NMR and allows the identification of carbon atoms in an organic molecule just as proton NMR identifies hydrogen atoms...	50.05 ppm
Other NMR data
MS Mass spectrometry Mass spectrometry is an analytical technique that measures the mass-to-charge ratio of charged particles.It is used for determining masses of particles, for determining the elemental composition of a sample or molecule, and for elucidating the chemical structures of molecules, such as peptides and...
Masses of main fragments

Vapor pressure of liquid

EWLINE P in mm Hg 1 10 40 100 400 760 1520 3800 7600 15200 30400 45600 T in °C –44.0 –16.2 5.0 21.2 49.9 64.7 84.0 112.5 138.0 167.8 203.5 224.0 Table data obtained from CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 44th ed.

As the formula above appears to have a typo in it (it may be 1473-11.3), here is a similar formula from the 67th edition of the CRC handbook. Note that the form of this formula as given is a fit to the Clausius-Clapeyron equation, which is a good theoretical starting point for calculating saturation vapor pressures:

log₁₀(P) = -(0.05223)a/T + b, where P is in mmHg, T is in kelvins, a = 38324, and b = 8.8017.

Properties of aqueous methanol solutions

Data obtained from Lange's Handbook of Chemistry, 10th ed. and CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 44th ed. The annotation, d a°C/b°C, indicates density of solution at temperature a divided by density of pure water at temperature b known as specific gravity. When temperature b is 4°C, density of water is 0.999972 g/mL.

% wt methanol	% vol methanol	d 15.6°C/4°C	d 0°C/4°C	d 10°C/4°C	d 20°C/4°C	freezing temp °C
0	0	0.99908	0.99984	0.99970	0.99820	0.0
1	1.25	0.99728	0.9981	0.9980	0.9965
2	2.50	0.99543	0.9963	0.9962	0.9943
3	3.75	0.99370	0.9946	0.9945	0.9931
3.9	5	0.9938				–2.2
4	4.99	0.99198	0.9930	0.9929	0.9914
5	6.22	0.99029	0.9914	0.9912	0.9896
6	7.45	0.98864	0.9899	0.9896	0.9880
7	8.68	0.98701	0.9884	0.9881	0.9863
8	9.91	0.98547	0.9870	0.9865	0.9847
8.1	10	0.9872				–5.0
9	11.13	0.98547	0.9856	0.9849	0.9831
10	12.35	0.98241	0.9842	0.9834	0.9815
11	13.56	0.98093	0.9829	0.9820	0.9799
12	14.77	0.97945	0.9816	0.9805	0.9784
12.2	15	0.9810				–8.3
13	15.98	0.97802	0.9804	0.9791	0.9768
14	17.18	0.97660	0.9792	0.9778	0.9754
15	18.38	0.97518	0.9780	0.9764	0.9740
16	19.58	0.97377	0.9769	0.9751	0.9725
16.4	20	0.975				–11.7
17	20.77	0.97237	0.9758	0.9739	0.9710
18	21.96	0.97096	0.9747	0.9726	0.9696
19	23.15	0.96955	0.9736	0.9713	0.9681
20	24.33	0.96814	0.9725	0.9700	0.9666
20.6	25	0.968				–15.6
21	25.51	0.96673	0.9714	0.9687	0.9651
22	26.69	0.96533	0.9702	0.9673	0.9636
23	27.86	0.96392	0.9690	0.9660	0.9622
24	29.03	0.96251	0.9678	0.9646	0.9607
24.9	30	0.964				–20.0
25	30.19	0.96108	0.9666	0.9632	0.9592
26	31.35	0.95963	0.9654	0.9628	0.9576
27	32.51	0.95817	0.9642	0.9604	0.9562
28	33.66	0.95668	0.9629	0.9590	0.9546
29	34.81	0.95518	0.9616	0.9575	0.9531
29.2	35	0.957				–25.0
30	35.95	0.95366	0.9604	0.9560	0.9515
31	37.09	0.95213	0.9590	0.9546	0.9499
32	38.22	0.95056	0.9576	0.9531	0.9483
33	39.35	0.94896	0.9563	0.9516	0.9466
33.6	40	0.950				–30.0
34	40.48	0.94734	0.9549	0.9500	0.9450
35	41.59	0.94570	0.9534	0.9484	0.9433
36	42.71	0.94404	0.9520	0.9469	0.9416
37	43.82	0.94237	0.9505	0.9453	0.9398
38	44.92	0.94067	0.9490	0.9437	0.9381	–35.6
39	46.02	0.93894	0.9475	0.9420	0.9363
40	47.11	0.93720	0.9459	0.9403	0.9345
41	48.20	0.93543	0.9443	0.9387	0.9327
42	49.28	0.93365	0.9427	0.9370	0.9309
43	50.35	0.93185	0.9411	0.9352	0.9290
44	51.42	0.93001	0.9395	0.9334	0.9272
45	52.49	0.92815	0.9377	0.9316	0.9252
46	53.54	0.92627	0.9360	0.9298	0.9234
47	54.60	0.92436	0.9342	0.9279	0.9214
48	55.64	0.92242	0.9324	0.9260	0.9196
49	56.68	0.92048	0.9306	0.9240	0.9176
50	57.71	0.91852	0.9287	0.9221	0.9156
51	58.74	0.91653	0.9269	0.9202	0.9135
52	59.76	0.91451	0.9250	0.9182	0.9114
53	60.77	0.91248	0.9230	0.9162	0.9094
54	61.78	0.91044	0.9211	0.9142	0.9073
55	62.78	0.90839	0.9191	0.9122	0.9052
56	63.78	0.90631	0.9172	0.9101	0.9032
57	64.77	0.90421	0.9151	0.9080	0.9010
58	65.75	0.90210	0.9131	0.9060	0.8988
59	66.73	0.89996	0.9111	0.9039	0.8968
60	67.69	0.89781	0.9090	0.9018	0.8946
61	68.65	0.89563	0.9068	0.8998	0.8924
62	69.61	0.89341	0.9046	0.8977	0.8902
63	70.55	0.89117	0.9024	0.8955	0.8879
64	71.49	0.88890	0.9002	0.8933	0.8856
65	72.42	0.88662	0.8980	0.8911	0.8834
66	73.34	0.88433	0.8958	0.8888	0.8811
67	74.26	0.88203	0.8935	0.8865	0.8787
68	75.17	0.87971	0.8913	0.8842	0.8763
69	76.08	0.87739	0.8891	0.8818	0.8738
70	76.98	0.87507	0.8869	0.8794	0.8715
71	77.86	0.87271	0.8847	0.8770	0.8690
72	78.75	0.87033	0.8824	0.8747	0.8665
73	79.62	0.86792	0.8801	0.8724	0.8641
74	80.48	0.86546	0.8778	0.8699	0.8616
75	81.34	0.86300	0.8754	0.8676	0.8592
76	82.18	0.86051	0.8729	0.8651	0.8567
77	83.02	0.85801	0.8705	0.8626	0.8542
78	83.86	0.85551	0.8680	0.8602	0.8518
79	84.68	0.85300	0.8657	0.8577	0.8494
80	85.50	0.85048	0.8634	0.8551	0.8469
81	86.31	0.84794	0.8610	0.8527	0.8446
82	87.11	0.84536	0.8585	0.8501	0.8420
83	87.90	0.84274	0.8560	0.8475	0.8394
84	88.68	0.84009	0.8535	0.8449	0.8366
85	89.45	0.83742	0.8510	0.8422	0.8340
86	90.21	0.83475	0.8483	0.8394	0.8314
87	90.97	0.83207	0.8456	0.8367	0.8286
88	91.72	0.82937	0.8428	0.8340	0.8258
89	92.46	0.82667	0.8400	0.8314	0.8230
90	93.19	0.82396	0.8374	0.8287	0.8202
91	93.92	0.82124	0.8347	0.8261	0.8174
92	94.63	0.81849	0.8320	0.8234	0.8146
93	95.33	0.81568	0.8293	0.8208	0.8118
94	96.02	0.81285	0.8266	0.8180	0.8090
95	96.70	0.80999	0.8240	0.8152	0.8062
96	97.37	0.80713	0.8212	0.8124	0.8034
97	98.04	0.80428	0.8186	0.8096	0.8005
98	98.70	0.80143	0.8158	0.8068	0.7976
99	99.35	0.79859	0.8130	0.8040	0.7948
100	100	0.79577	0.8102	0.8009	0.7917	–97.8
% wt methanol	% vol methanol	d 15.6°C/4°C	d 0°C/4°C	d 10°C/4°C	d 20°C/4°C	freezing temp °C

Distillation data

EWLINE Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium of Methanol/Water P = 760 mm Hg; T = 72.4°C - 100.0°C BP Temp. °C % by mole methanol liquid vapor 100.00 0.0 0.0 99.25 0.5840 4.5705 96.9 1.2 11.4 95.7 2.6 15.7 92.2 5.0 29.3 90.15 7.38 36.65 87.5 10.2 43.0 86.50 11.76 48.55 84.8 14.0 51.4 84.3 15.0 52.2 82.9 17.5 56.0 81.5 20.0 59.0 78.0 30.0 67.5 75.4 40.0 73.5 73.7 47.3 76.5 72.6 52.6 79.4 72.4 54.0 80.1

EWLINE Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium of Methanol/Water P = 760 mm Hg; T = 64.6°C - 72.0°C BP Temp. °C % by mole methanol liquid vapor 72.0 56.5 80.5 71.5 58.5 81.6 71.4 60.0 83.1 70.6 66.2 85.7 69.9 67.5 86.5 69.6 70.0 87.4 69.1 71.4 87.8 67.8 80.0 91.8 66.9 85.0 93.0 66.50 88.08 94.17 66.2 89.0 95.6 66.1 90.0 96.1 65.7 92.0 96.5 65.4 95.0 98.1 64.95 96.57 95.69 64.70 98.71 97.78 64.6 100.0 100.0

EWLINE Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium of Methanol/Ethanol P = 760 mm Hg BP Temp. °C % by mole methanol liquid vapor 78.3 0.0 0.0 76.6 13.4 18.3 75.0 24.2 32.6 73.6 32.0 42.8 72.3 40.1 52.9 71.7 43.5 56.6 70.0 54.2 67.6 68.6 65.2 75.9 67.7 72.8 81.3 66.9 79.0 85.8 66.6 81.4 87.5 65.8 87.3 91.9 65.6 91.0 93.7 64.6 100.0 100.0

External links

Except where noted otherwise, data relate to standard ambient temperature and pressure.