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Mesoderm
 
 
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One of the three germ layer
Germ layer

A germ layer is a group of cell s, formed during animal embryogenesis. Germ layers are particularly pronounced in the vertebrates; however, all animals more complex than sea sponge produce two or three primary tissue layers ....
s found in the embryo
Embryo

An embryo is a multicellular organism ploidy eukaryote in its earliest stage of development, from the time of first cell division until birth, Egg , or germination....
s of animal
Animal

Animals are a major group of multicellular, eukaryotic organisms of the Kingdom Animalia or Metazoa. Their body plan eventually becomes fixed as they develop, although some undergo a process of metamorphosis later on in their life....
s more complex than cnidaria
Cnidaria

Cnidaria Cnidarians were for a long time grouped with Ctenophores in the phylum Coelenterata, but increasing awareness of their differences caused them to be placed in separate phyla....
ns, making them triploblastic. Mesoderm forms in the embryo
Embryo

An embryo is a multicellular organism ploidy eukaryote in its earliest stage of development, from the time of first cell division until birth, Egg , or germination....
 during gastrulation
Gastrulation

Gastrulation is a phase early in the development of animal embryos, during which the morphology of the embryo is dramatically restructured by cell migration....
 when some of the cells migrating inward to form the endoderm
Endoderm

Endoderm, is one of the germ layers formed during animal embryogenesis. Cells migrating inward along the archenteron from the inner layer of the gastrula, which develops into the endoderm....
, produce an additional layer that lies between the endoderm and the ectoderm
Ectoderm

The ectoderm is the start of a tissue that covers the body surfaces. It emerges first and forms from the outermost of the germ layers.Generally speaking, the ectoderm differentiates to form the nervous system, Epidermis , and the outer part of integumentary system....
.

Mesoderm is found in all large, complex animals, and allows the formation of a coelom
Body cavity

By the broadest definition, a body cavity is any fluid filled space in a multicellular organism. However, the term usually refers to the space, located between an animal?s outer covering and the outer lining of the gut cavity, where internal organs develop....
, which allows more room for independent growth of the body organs.








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Encyclopedia


One of the three germ layer
Germ layer

A germ layer is a group of cell s, formed during animal embryogenesis. Germ layers are particularly pronounced in the vertebrates; however, all animals more complex than sea sponge produce two or three primary tissue layers ....
s found in the embryo
Embryo

An embryo is a multicellular organism ploidy eukaryote in its earliest stage of development, from the time of first cell division until birth, Egg , or germination....
s of animal
Animal

Animals are a major group of multicellular, eukaryotic organisms of the Kingdom Animalia or Metazoa. Their body plan eventually becomes fixed as they develop, although some undergo a process of metamorphosis later on in their life....
s more complex than cnidaria
Cnidaria

Cnidaria Cnidarians were for a long time grouped with Ctenophores in the phylum Coelenterata, but increasing awareness of their differences caused them to be placed in separate phyla....
ns, making them triploblastic. Mesoderm forms in the embryo
Embryo

An embryo is a multicellular organism ploidy eukaryote in its earliest stage of development, from the time of first cell division until birth, Egg , or germination....
 during gastrulation
Gastrulation

Gastrulation is a phase early in the development of animal embryos, during which the morphology of the embryo is dramatically restructured by cell migration....
 when some of the cells migrating inward to form the endoderm
Endoderm

Endoderm, is one of the germ layers formed during animal embryogenesis. Cells migrating inward along the archenteron from the inner layer of the gastrula, which develops into the endoderm....
, produce an additional layer that lies between the endoderm and the ectoderm
Ectoderm

The ectoderm is the start of a tissue that covers the body surfaces. It emerges first and forms from the outermost of the germ layers.Generally speaking, the ectoderm differentiates to form the nervous system, Epidermis , and the outer part of integumentary system....
.

Mesoderm is found in all large, complex animals, and allows the formation of a coelom
Body cavity

By the broadest definition, a body cavity is any fluid filled space in a multicellular organism. However, the term usually refers to the space, located between an animal?s outer covering and the outer lining of the gut cavity, where internal organs develop....
, which allows more room for independent growth of the body organs.

Mesoderm Derivatives


General

The body organs, tissues and systems derived from the mesoderm in most triploblastic animals can be listed as follows:

  • bones
  • cartilage
    Cartilage

    Cartilage is a type of dense connective tissue. It is composed of specialized cells called chondrocyte that produce a large amount of extracellular matrix composed of collagen fibers, abundant ground substance rich in proteoglycan, and elastin fibers....
  • most of the circulatory system
    Circulatory system

    The circulatory system is an organ that moves nutrients, gases, and wastes to and from cells to help fight diseases and help stabilize body temperature and pH to maintain homeostasis....
    , including the heart
    Heart

    The heart is a muscle organ in all vertebrates responsible for pumping blood through the blood vessels by repeated, rhythmic contractions, or a similar structure in annelids, mollusks, and arthropods....
     and major blood vessels
  • connective tissue
    Connective tissue

    Connective tissue is a form of fibrous biological tissue.It is one of the four types of tissue in traditional classifications .Collagen is the main protein of connective tissue in animals and the most abundant protein in mammals, making up about 25% of the total protein content....
    s of the gut and integuments
    Integumentary system

    The integumentary system is the organ system that protects the body from damage, comprising the skin and its appendages. The integumentary system has a variety of functions; it may serve to waterproof, cushion and protect the deeper tissues, excrete wastes, regulate temperature and is the location of receptors for pain, sensation, pressu...
  • mesenchyme
    Mesenchyme

    Mesenchyme is a type of loose connective tissue, of mesodermal origin and located within the embryo mesoderm, consisting of a ground substance Matrix containing a loose aggregate of unspecialized cell which are capable of developing into connective tissue, bone, cartilage, the lymphatic system, and the circulatory system....
  • mesothelium
    Mesothelium

    The mesothelium is a membrane that forms the lining of several body cavities: the pleura , peritoneum and pericardium . Mesothelial tissue also surrounds the male internal reproductive organs and covers the internal reproductive organs of women ....
  • muscles
    Muscular system

    The muscular system is the anatomical system of a species that allows it to move. The muscular system in vertebrates is controlled through the nervous system, although some muscles can be completely autonomous....
  • peritoneum
    Peritoneum

    In higher vertebrates, the peritoneum is the serous membrane that forms the lining of the abdomen — it covers most of the intra-abdominal organs....
     (lining of the abdominal cavity)
  • reproductive system
    Reproductive system

    The reproductive system is a system of Organ within an organism which work together for the purpose of reproduction. Many non-living substances such as fluids, hormones, and pheromones are also important accessories to the reproductive system....
  • spleen
    Spleen

    The spleen is an organ found in all vertebrate animals. In humans, the spleen is located in the abdomen of the body, where it functions in the destruction of redundant red blood cells, and holds a reservoir of blood....
  • urinary system
    Urinary system

    The urinary system is the organ system that produces, stores, and eliminates urine. In humans it includes two kidneys, two ureters, the urinary bladder, and the urethra....
    , including the kidney
    Kidney

    The kidneys are Organ that have numerous biological roles. Their primary role is to maintain the homeostasis balance of bodily fluids by filtering and secreting Metabolomics#Metabolitess and minerals from the blood and excreting them, along with water , as urine....
    s


Vertebrates


Before formation of the items in the above list, the mesoderm of a developing vertebrate transitionally differentiates into the following sub-types:
  • Chordamesoderm
    Chordamesoderm

    Chordamesoderm, also known as axial mesoderm, is a type of mesoderm that lies along the central axis, under the neural tube.* will give rise to notochord...
     (also known as axial mesoderm)which later on gives rise to notochord in all chordates
  • Paraxial mesoderm
    Paraxial mesoderm

    Paraxial mesoderm is the area of mesoderm that forms just lateral to the neural tube on both sides.It gives rise to the somitomeres/somites and mesoderm of the branchial arches....
  • Intermediate mesoderm
    Intermediate mesoderm

    Intermediate mesoderm is a type of mesoderm that is located between the paraxial mesoderm and the lateral plate.It develops into the part of the urogenital system ...
  • Lateral plate mesoderm
    Lateral plate mesoderm

    Lateral plate mesoderm is a type of mesoderm that is found at the periphery of the embryo....


See also

  • Embryo
    Embryo

    An embryo is a multicellular organism ploidy eukaryote in its earliest stage of development, from the time of first cell division until birth, Egg , or germination....
  • Embryogenesis
    Embryogenesis

    Embryogenesis is the process by which the embryo is formed and develops. It starts with the fertilization of the ovum, egg, which, after fertilization, is then called a zygote....
  • Embryology
    Embryology

    Embryology is the study of the development of an embryo. An embryo is defined as any organism in a stage before birth or hatching, or in plants, before germination occurs....
  • Ectoderm
    Ectoderm

    The ectoderm is the start of a tissue that covers the body surfaces. It emerges first and forms from the outermost of the germ layers.Generally speaking, the ectoderm differentiates to form the nervous system, Epidermis , and the outer part of integumentary system....
  • Endoderm
    Endoderm

    Endoderm, is one of the germ layers formed during animal embryogenesis. Cells migrating inward along the archenteron from the inner layer of the gastrula, which develops into the endoderm....
  • Germ layer
    Germ layer

    A germ layer is a group of cell s, formed during animal embryogenesis. Germ layers are particularly pronounced in the vertebrates; however, all animals more complex than sea sponge produce two or three primary tissue layers ....
  • Histogenesis
    Histogenesis

    Histogenesis is the formation of different Biological tissue from undifferentiated cell . These cells are constituents of three primary germ layers, the endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm....
  • Organogenesis
    Organogenesis

    In embryogenesis, organogenesis is the process by which the ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm develop into the internal organs of the organism. Internal organs initiate development in humans within the 3rd to 8th weeks in utero.The germ layers in organogenesis differ by three processes: folds, splits, and condensation....


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