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Meron

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Meron

A meron or half-instanton is a Euclidean space-time solution

Solution

In chemistry, a solution is a homogeneous mixture composed of two or more substances. In such a mixture, a solute is dissolved in another substance, known as a solvent....
of the Yang-Mills field equations

Gauge theory

In physics, gauge theory is a quantum field theory where the Lagrangian is invariant under certain transformations.The transformations form a Lie group which is referred to as the symmetry group or the gauge group of the theory....
. It is a singular non-self-dual solution of topological charge 1/2. The instanton

Instanton

An instanton or pseudoparticle is a notion appearing in theoretical and mathematical physics. Mathematically, a Yang-Mills instanton is a self-dual or anti-self-dual connection in a principal bundle over a four-dimensional Riemannian manifold that plays the role of physical space-time in nonabelian gauge theory....
is believed to be composed of two merons.

A meron can be viewed as a tunneling event between two Gribov vacua

Gribov ambiguity

In gauge theories, especially non-abelian gauge transformation gauge theories, we often encounter global problems when gauge fixing. Gauge fixing means choosing a representative from each gauge orbit....
. In that picture, the meron is an event which starts from vacuum, then a Wu-Yang monopole

Wu-Yang monopole

The Wu-Yang monopole was the first solution, found in 1968 by Tai Tsun Wu and Chen Ning Yang, to the Yang-Mills field equations. It describes a magnetic monopole which is pointlike and has a potential which behaves like 1/r everywhere....
emerges, which then disappears again to leave the vacuum in another Gribov copy.

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Encyclopedia

A meron or half-instanton is a Euclidean space-time solution

Solution

In chemistry, a solution is a homogeneous mixture composed of two or more substances. In such a mixture, a solute is dissolved in another substance, known as a solvent....
of the Yang-Mills field equations

Gauge theory

In physics, gauge theory is a quantum field theory where the Lagrangian is invariant under certain transformations.The transformations form a Lie group which is referred to as the symmetry group or the gauge group of the theory....
. It is a singular non-self-dual solution of topological charge 1/2. The instanton

Instanton

An instanton or pseudoparticle is a notion appearing in theoretical and mathematical physics. Mathematically, a Yang-Mills instanton is a self-dual or anti-self-dual connection in a principal bundle over a four-dimensional Riemannian manifold that plays the role of physical space-time in nonabelian gauge theory....
is believed to be composed of two merons.

A meron can be viewed as a tunneling event between two Gribov vacua

Gribov ambiguity

In gauge theories, especially non-abelian gauge transformation gauge theories, we often encounter global problems when gauge fixing. Gauge fixing means choosing a representative from each gauge orbit....
. In that picture, the meron is an event which starts from vacuum, then a Wu-Yang monopole

Wu-Yang monopole

The Wu-Yang monopole was the first solution, found in 1968 by Tai Tsun Wu and Chen Ning Yang, to the Yang-Mills field equations. It describes a magnetic monopole which is pointlike and has a potential which behaves like 1/r everywhere....
emerges, which then disappears again to leave the vacuum in another Gribov copy.

See also

BPST instanton
BPST instanton

The BPST instanton is the instanton with winding number 1 found by Alexander Belavin, Alexander Polyakov, A. S. Schwartz and Yu. S. Tyupkin. It is a classical solution to the equations of motion in Euclidean space-time , meaning it describes a transition between two different vacuum state of the theory....
dyon
Dyon

In physics, a dyon is a hypothetical particle in 4-dimensional theories with both electricity and magnetism charges. A dyon with a zero electric charge is usually referred to as a magnetic monopole....
instanton
Instanton

An instanton or pseudoparticle is a notion appearing in theoretical and mathematical physics. Mathematically, a Yang-Mills instanton is a self-dual or anti-self-dual connection in a principal bundle over a four-dimensional Riemannian manifold that plays the role of physical space-time in nonabelian gauge theory....
monopole
Magnetic monopole

In physics, a magnetic monopole is a hypothetical particle that is a magnet with only one magnetic pole . In more technical terms, it would have a net "magnetic charge"....