Meraki
Encyclopedia
Meraki is a cloud networking company that provides hardware and software for building large scale wired and wireless networks. These networks are used by businesses, schools, and other organizations that need wireless access points, multi-site wired networks, or both. It uses a centralized control system hosted on Meraki's servers. The company was started by two MIT
PhD students, Sanjit Biswas
and John Bicket, along with Hans Robertson. The company is based in part on the MIT roofnet
project.
and Sequoia Capital
. The organization started in Mountain View, CA, and is currently located in San Francisco, CA. Meraki employs many people who worked on the MIT
roofnet
project.
On the browseable map that Meraki provides, nodes are identified either by the label given to them by their owners during initial configuration or, if unnamed, then their Ethernet port MAC address. It identifies the gateway devices and reports how many distinct users have been active and the cumulative amount of data transferred via this node.
There are software features both to govern the amount of Internet bandwidth consumed by traffic from the wireless mesh as well as a means to meter such bandwidth usage. Central Meraki operations plays a role in helping to balance network loads between the different nodes and report on the global status of the mesh through Meraki's web site. Configurations are pushed down to each of the access points periodically.
algorithm. Each device periodically broadcasts, and all other devices in range will report their routes. Then the devices use that information to route packets to the nearest gateway. The routing is done primarily to determine a route to the nearest gateway (or device with an internet connection).
When the node first starts up, it tests the Ethernet port for connectivity to the internet. If it has connectivity to the internet, then it labels itself a "gateway device" and prepares to accept packets from nearby repeaters. If other nodes are within range and the Ethernet port is not connected, then the node acts purely as a repeater to extend the mesh. Meraki claims that only about one in ten repeaters needs to be physically connected to the Internet for the design to work well. It then searches for other nearby Meraki nodes and advertises itself.
When operating in NAT mode, the DHCP address scheme used by the nodes is a static hash of the MAC address onto the entire 10.0.0.0/8 private network
(the whole class A) space. This may cause problems with existing 10/8 networks, in which case Meraki enables you to use only the upper half of the range. When operating in Bridge mode (which is only available in Meraki's Enterprise Edition), clients may communicate with each other and DHCP from a centralized DHCP server.
. They started by seeding the area with gateway devices to directly provide the Internet bandwidth and giving away repeaters. In the first year of the project, growth of the network was primarily into the Mission District. As of October 2007, they claim 20,000 distinct users (ever connected) and about 5 terabytes of data transferred in this network. In July 2008, Meraki claimed 100,000 people in San Francisco used its 'Free the Net' service .
When browsing the local wireless network, the nearest Meraki repeater will show a SSID of "Free the Net". When connecting to it, users get an RFC 1918 address (starting with 10.*). On the wireless side; the default gateway IP address is always 10.128.128.128 and the MAC address reported via the client-side "arp" command is always 00-18-0a-00-00-01.
After connecting to the Internet, small advertisements appear in the browser's toolbar informing users about businesses that are nearby.
Meraki is also a good solution for Wi-Fi hot zones, such as the main street or neighborhood of a city. Meraki can be configured as a free or paid access system. Free access may work if you have sponsors (such as local businesses), and there’s an advantage to drawing people to the area. For example, a city may install a Wi-Fi network along its main street and provide free access to the Internet for visitors. Businesses along the main street will likely donate money to install the network because the free access should draw more people to the downtown area. A paid network may be best for apartments and neighborhoods where users will access the network from their homes.
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
The Massachusetts Institute of Technology is a private research university located in Cambridge, Massachusetts. MIT has five schools and one college, containing a total of 32 academic departments, with a strong emphasis on scientific and technological education and research.Founded in 1861 in...
PhD students, Sanjit Biswas
Sanjit Biswas
Sanjit Biswas is co-founder of Meraki, Inc. He and John Bicket started the company based on their work on Roofnet project as part of at MIT.Biswas has a bachelor's degree from Stanford and a master's degree from MIT....
and John Bicket, along with Hans Robertson. The company is based in part on the MIT roofnet
Roofnet
Roofnet is an experimental 802.11b/g mesh network currently under development at the Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology...
project.
Business profile
Meraki was funded by GoogleGoogle
Google Inc. is an American multinational public corporation invested in Internet search, cloud computing, and advertising technologies. Google hosts and develops a number of Internet-based services and products, and generates profit primarily from advertising through its AdWords program...
and Sequoia Capital
Sequoia Capital
Sequoia Capital is a Californian venture capital firm located on Sand Hill Road in Menlo Park, California. The Wall Street Journal has called Sequoia Capital "one of the highest-caliber venture firms", and noted that it is "one of Silicon Valley's most influential venture-capital firms"...
. The organization started in Mountain View, CA, and is currently located in San Francisco, CA. Meraki employs many people who worked on the MIT
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
The Massachusetts Institute of Technology is a private research university located in Cambridge, Massachusetts. MIT has five schools and one college, containing a total of 32 academic departments, with a strong emphasis on scientific and technological education and research.Founded in 1861 in...
roofnet
Roofnet
Roofnet is an experimental 802.11b/g mesh network currently under development at the Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology...
project.
Management software
Meraki management software (called the "Cloud Controller") allows Meraki networks to be set up and controlled through the internet. The software is available in two versions: Pro and Enterprise. The Pro version is much lower priced and is suitable for public hot zones. The Enterprise version is used for creating wireless LANs.On the browseable map that Meraki provides, nodes are identified either by the label given to them by their owners during initial configuration or, if unnamed, then their Ethernet port MAC address. It identifies the gateway devices and reports how many distinct users have been active and the cumulative amount of data transferred via this node.
There are software features both to govern the amount of Internet bandwidth consumed by traffic from the wireless mesh as well as a means to meter such bandwidth usage. Central Meraki operations plays a role in helping to balance network loads between the different nodes and report on the global status of the mesh through Meraki's web site. Configurations are pushed down to each of the access points periodically.
Mesh routing
Meraki supports mesh routing. The firmware uses the SrcRR routing algorithm to determine the routes between the hardware devices. Media access and transport may be handled by ExORExOR (wireless network protocol)
Extremely Opportunistic Routing is a combination of routing protocol and media access control for a wireless ad-hoc network, invented by Sanjit Biswas and Robert Morris of the MIT Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, and described in a 2005 Paper....
algorithm. Each device periodically broadcasts, and all other devices in range will report their routes. Then the devices use that information to route packets to the nearest gateway. The routing is done primarily to determine a route to the nearest gateway (or device with an internet connection).
When the node first starts up, it tests the Ethernet port for connectivity to the internet. If it has connectivity to the internet, then it labels itself a "gateway device" and prepares to accept packets from nearby repeaters. If other nodes are within range and the Ethernet port is not connected, then the node acts purely as a repeater to extend the mesh. Meraki claims that only about one in ten repeaters needs to be physically connected to the Internet for the design to work well. It then searches for other nearby Meraki nodes and advertises itself.
Hardware
Meraki has a number of wireless access points, including the Indoor, Outdoor, MR12, MR16, MR24, and MR58. A limited number of accessories are also available.Limitations
While Meraki networks continue to serve clients if connectivity to the Cloud Controller is lost, configuration changes are queued until connectivity is restored.When operating in NAT mode, the DHCP address scheme used by the nodes is a static hash of the MAC address onto the entire 10.0.0.0/8 private network
Private network
In the Internet addressing architecture, a private network is a network that uses private IP address space, following the standards set by RFC 1918 and RFC 4193. These addresses are commonly used for home, office, and enterprise local area networks , when globally routable addresses are not...
(the whole class A) space. This may cause problems with existing 10/8 networks, in which case Meraki enables you to use only the upper half of the range. When operating in Bridge mode (which is only available in Meraki's Enterprise Edition), clients may communicate with each other and DHCP from a centralized DHCP server.
Community projects
One of Meraki's earliest projects is to demonstrate their technology in a large city. They selected San Francisco to launch their community-based Free the Net campaign starting in the Lower HaightLower Haight, San Francisco, California
The Lower Haight is a neighborhood, sometimes referred to as Haight-Fillmore, in San Francisco, California.-Location:The Lower Haight lies generally along Haight Street east of Divisadero Street, and between Oak Street on the north, and Duboce Avenue on south. The eastern boundary is variously...
. They started by seeding the area with gateway devices to directly provide the Internet bandwidth and giving away repeaters. In the first year of the project, growth of the network was primarily into the Mission District. As of October 2007, they claim 20,000 distinct users (ever connected) and about 5 terabytes of data transferred in this network. In July 2008, Meraki claimed 100,000 people in San Francisco used its 'Free the Net' service .
When browsing the local wireless network, the nearest Meraki repeater will show a SSID of "Free the Net". When connecting to it, users get an RFC 1918 address (starting with 10.*). On the wireless side; the default gateway IP address is always 10.128.128.128 and the MAC address reported via the client-side "arp" command is always 00-18-0a-00-00-01.
After connecting to the Internet, small advertisements appear in the browser's toolbar informing users about businesses that are nearby.
Deployment strategies
Meraki's main focus is providing wireless LAN (WLAN) systems to organizations requiring more than a few APs or that have multiple sites. Meraki can be integrated into existing infrastructures, with support for RADIUS, 802.1x, VLANs, and so on.Meraki is also a good solution for Wi-Fi hot zones, such as the main street or neighborhood of a city. Meraki can be configured as a free or paid access system. Free access may work if you have sponsors (such as local businesses), and there’s an advantage to drawing people to the area. For example, a city may install a Wi-Fi network along its main street and provide free access to the Internet for visitors. Businesses along the main street will likely donate money to install the network because the free access should draw more people to the downtown area. A paid network may be best for apartments and neighborhoods where users will access the network from their homes.
Criticism
After initially acting in support of open-source development of software on Meraki Mini units, in early 2008 the company introduced a more restrictive EULA covering sales of new equipment requiring that, "Meraki Hardware may only be used with Meraki Software" and prohibiting reverse engineering, adding, removing or otherwise altering the software on the device. The previous license agreements contained no restrictions on replacing the software on the device. Shortly after the new EULA was imposed, Meraki sent an unsolicited firmware update to their units in the field which disabled future firmware updates by customers. This has dismayed mesh network enthusiasts, some of whom have questioned the legality of such restrictions being imposed involuntarily and without advance notice. In 2008 Open Mesh began offering similar software with fewer licensing restrictions..See also
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- FONFONFon is a company that operates a system of dual access wireless networks. Fon is the largest Wi-Fi network in the world, with over 4 million hotspots....
- another community based wireless scheme - IEEE 802.11sIEEE 802.11sIEEE 802.11s is an IEEE 802.11 amendment for mesh networking, defining how wireless devices can interconnect to create a WLAN mesh network, which may be used for static topologies and ad-hoc networks....