Mazut
Encyclopedia
Mazut is a heavy, low quality fuel oil
, used in generating plants and similar applications. In the United States
and Western Europe
, mazut is blended or broken down with the end product being diesel.
Mazut may be used for heating houses in former USSR and in countries of Far East
that do not have the facilities to blend or break it down into more traditional petro-chemicals. In the west, furnaces that burn mazut are commonly called "waste oil" heaters or "waste oil" furnaces.
Mazut-100 is a fuel oil
that is manufactured to GOST
specifications, for example GOST 10585-75 or 99. (GOST is the Russian system of standards, much like ASTM, for example). Mazut is almost exclusively manufactured in the Russian Federation, Kazakhstan
, Azerbaijan
, and Turkmenistan
. This product is typically used for larger boilers in producing steam since the BTU content is high.
The most important consideration (not the only consideration) when grading this fuel is the sulfur
content, which can mostly be affected by the source feedstock. For shipment purposes, this product is considered a ”dirty oil” product, and because viscosity drastically affect whether it is able to be pumped, shipping has unique requirements. Mazut is much like Number 6 Oil, and is part of the products left over after gasoline and lighter components are evaporated from the crude oil.
The main difference between the different types of Mazut-100 is the content of sulphur. The grades are represented by these sulfuric levels:
Very Low Sulfur mazut is generally made from the lowest sulfur crude feedstocks. It has a very limited volume to be exported because:
At present, as evidenced by the above market conditions, demand exceeds many times the available supply. In such cases, the refineries dictate terms for the sale. At present, universally, whether state controlled corporation or private company, domestic or foreign, are for total cash pre-payment, 100%, 21 days in advance of the delivery date. Said another way, the delivery date is set only after the cash payment is registered (cleared) at the refinery’s bank account. The arrangement is not negotiable with the refineries. (Please refer to producer’s own web sites for confirmation of this fact.)
Low to high sulfur mazut is available from Russia and other CIS countries (Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan). The technical specifications are represented in the same way, according to the Russian GOST standard 10585-99. Many people ask the difference between origins, and the main difference is the price. The Russian origin mazut demands higher prices.
Fuel oil
Fuel oil is a fraction obtained from petroleum distillation, either as a distillate or a residue. Broadly speaking, fuel oil is any liquid petroleum product that is burned in a furnace or boiler for the generation of heat or used in an engine for the generation of power, except oils having a flash...
, used in generating plants and similar applications. In the United States
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
and Western Europe
Western Europe
Western Europe is a loose term for the collection of countries in the western most region of the European continents, though this definition is context-dependent and carries cultural and political connotations. One definition describes Western Europe as a geographic entity—the region lying in the...
, mazut is blended or broken down with the end product being diesel.
Mazut may be used for heating houses in former USSR and in countries of Far East
Far East
The Far East is an English term mostly describing East Asia and Southeast Asia, with South Asia sometimes also included for economic and cultural reasons.The term came into use in European geopolitical discourse in the 19th century,...
that do not have the facilities to blend or break it down into more traditional petro-chemicals. In the west, furnaces that burn mazut are commonly called "waste oil" heaters or "waste oil" furnaces.
Mazut-100 is a fuel oil
Fuel oil
Fuel oil is a fraction obtained from petroleum distillation, either as a distillate or a residue. Broadly speaking, fuel oil is any liquid petroleum product that is burned in a furnace or boiler for the generation of heat or used in an engine for the generation of power, except oils having a flash...
that is manufactured to GOST
GOST
GOST refers to a set of technical standards maintained by the Euro-Asian Council for Standardization, Metrology and Certification , a regional standards organization operating under the auspices of the Commonwealth of Independent States .All sorts of regulated standards are included, with examples...
specifications, for example GOST 10585-75 or 99. (GOST is the Russian system of standards, much like ASTM, for example). Mazut is almost exclusively manufactured in the Russian Federation, Kazakhstan
Kazakhstan
Kazakhstan , officially the Republic of Kazakhstan, is a transcontinental country in Central Asia and Eastern Europe. Ranked as the ninth largest country in the world, it is also the world's largest landlocked country; its territory of is greater than Western Europe...
, Azerbaijan
Azerbaijan
Azerbaijan , officially the Republic of Azerbaijan is the largest country in the Caucasus region of Eurasia. Located at the crossroads of Western Asia and Eastern Europe, it is bounded by the Caspian Sea to the east, Russia to the north, Georgia to the northwest, Armenia to the west, and Iran to...
, and Turkmenistan
Turkmenistan
Turkmenistan , formerly also known as Turkmenia is one of the Turkic states in Central Asia. Until 1991, it was a constituent republic of the Soviet Union, the Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic . Turkmenistan is one of the six independent Turkic states...
. This product is typically used for larger boilers in producing steam since the BTU content is high.
The most important consideration (not the only consideration) when grading this fuel is the sulfur
Sulfur
Sulfur or sulphur is the chemical element with atomic number 16. In the periodic table it is represented by the symbol S. It is an abundant, multivalent non-metal. Under normal conditions, sulfur atoms form cyclic octatomic molecules with chemical formula S8. Elemental sulfur is a bright yellow...
content, which can mostly be affected by the source feedstock. For shipment purposes, this product is considered a ”dirty oil” product, and because viscosity drastically affect whether it is able to be pumped, shipping has unique requirements. Mazut is much like Number 6 Oil, and is part of the products left over after gasoline and lighter components are evaporated from the crude oil.
The main difference between the different types of Mazut-100 is the content of sulphur. The grades are represented by these sulfuric levels:
- ”Very Low Sulphur” is mazut with a sulphur content of 0.5%
- ”Low Sulphur” is a mazut with a sulphur content of 0.5-1.0%
- ”Normal Sulphur” is a mazut with a sulphur content of 1.0-2.0%
- ”High Sulphur” is a mazut with a sulphur content of 2.0-3.5%
Very Low Sulfur mazut is generally made from the lowest sulfur crude feedstocks. It has a very limited volume to be exported because:
- The number of producers in Russia are limited. Refineries who produce this are generally the largest of oil companies such as LukoilLUKoilLukoil/LUKoil ; ) is Russia's second largest oil company and its second largest producer of oil. In 2009, the company produced 97.615 million tons of oil; ....
and RosneftRosneftRosneft is an integrated oil company majority owned by the Government of Russia. Rosneft is headquartered in Moscow’s Balchug district near the Kremlin, across the Moskva river...
, etc. - A minimum of half of the total volume is sold only to the domestic market in Russia and the CISCISCIS usually refers to the Commonwealth of Independent States, a modern political entity consisting of eleven former Soviet Union republics.The acronym CIS may also refer to:-Organizations:...
. - Most of the remainder of this specific product are reserved by state quotas for state controlled companies abroad.
- The remaining volumes available for export are sold according to state quotas, via state auctions, accessible only to Russian domestic companies with special access and experience with these auctions.
At present, as evidenced by the above market conditions, demand exceeds many times the available supply. In such cases, the refineries dictate terms for the sale. At present, universally, whether state controlled corporation or private company, domestic or foreign, are for total cash pre-payment, 100%, 21 days in advance of the delivery date. Said another way, the delivery date is set only after the cash payment is registered (cleared) at the refinery’s bank account. The arrangement is not negotiable with the refineries. (Please refer to producer’s own web sites for confirmation of this fact.)
Low to high sulfur mazut is available from Russia and other CIS countries (Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan). The technical specifications are represented in the same way, according to the Russian GOST standard 10585-99. Many people ask the difference between origins, and the main difference is the price. The Russian origin mazut demands higher prices.