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Max Weinreich (1893/94 Kuldiga
Kuldiga

Kuldiga is a town in western Latvia. It is the center of Kuldigas County with a population of approximately 13,500.Kuldiga was first mentioned in 1242....
, Latvia
Latvia

Latvia The Latvians are a Baltic peoples culturally related to the Estonians and Lithuanians, with the Latvian language having many similarities with Lithuanian language, but not with the Estonian language....
 - 1969 New York City
New York City

The City of New York is the List of United States cities by population in the United States, while the New York metropolitan area ranks among the List of urban areas by population....
, USA) was a linguist
Linguistics

Linguistics is the science study of natural language. Linguistics encompasses a number of sub-fields. An important topical division is between the study of language structure and the study of Meaning ....
, specializing in Yiddish
Yiddish language

Yiddish is a non-territorial High German languages of Jewish origin, spoken throughout the world. Unlike other such languages, Yiddish is written with the Hebrew alphabet as opposed to a Latin alphabet....
, and the father of the linguist Uriel Weinreich
Uriel Weinreich

Uriel Weinreich was a linguistics at Columbia University. Born in Vilnius , he earned his Ph.D. from Columbia, and went on to teach there, specializing in Yiddish studies, sociolinguistics, and dialectology....
.

Weinreich founded the YIVO Institute for Jewish Research (originally called Yiddish Scientific Institute (YIVO)) in Vilnius
Vilnius

Vilnius is the largest city and the Capital of Lithuania, with a population of 555,613 as of 2008. It is the seat of the Vilnius city municipality and of the Vilnius district municipality....
 (Vilna) in 1925, and was its director from 1925 to 1939. From 1940 he led it in New York
New York City

The City of New York is the List of United States cities by population in the United States, while the New York metropolitan area ranks among the List of urban areas by population....
.

Weinreich is often cited as the author of a criterion for distinguishing between language
Language

A language is a form of symbol communication in which elements are combined to represents something other than themselves. Language can also refer to the use of such systems as a general phenomenon....
s and dialect
Dialect

A dialect is a variety of a language that is characteristic of a particular group of the language's speakers. The term is applied most often to regional speech patterns, but a dialect may also be defined by other factors, such as social class....
s: "A language is a dialect with an army and navy
A language is a dialect with an army and navy

"A language is a dialect with an army and navy" is one of the most frequently used aphorisms in the discussion of the distinction between dialect and language....
" ("?? ?????? ??? ?? ???????? ??? ??? ????? ??? ??????", "a shprakh iz a dialekt mit an armey un flot"; in "der yivo un di problemen fun undzer tsayt"(YIVO and the Problems of Our Time), yivo-bleter, January-July 1945, p.






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Max Weinreich (1893/94 Kuldiga
Kuldiga

Kuldiga is a town in western Latvia. It is the center of Kuldigas County with a population of approximately 13,500.Kuldiga was first mentioned in 1242....
, Latvia
Latvia

Latvia The Latvians are a Baltic peoples culturally related to the Estonians and Lithuanians, with the Latvian language having many similarities with Lithuanian language, but not with the Estonian language....
 - 1969 New York City
New York City

The City of New York is the List of United States cities by population in the United States, while the New York metropolitan area ranks among the List of urban areas by population....
, USA) was a linguist
Linguistics

Linguistics is the science study of natural language. Linguistics encompasses a number of sub-fields. An important topical division is between the study of language structure and the study of Meaning ....
, specializing in Yiddish
Yiddish language

Yiddish is a non-territorial High German languages of Jewish origin, spoken throughout the world. Unlike other such languages, Yiddish is written with the Hebrew alphabet as opposed to a Latin alphabet....
, and the father of the linguist Uriel Weinreich
Uriel Weinreich

Uriel Weinreich was a linguistics at Columbia University. Born in Vilnius , he earned his Ph.D. from Columbia, and went on to teach there, specializing in Yiddish studies, sociolinguistics, and dialectology....
.

Weinreich founded the YIVO Institute for Jewish Research (originally called Yiddish Scientific Institute (YIVO)) in Vilnius
Vilnius

Vilnius is the largest city and the Capital of Lithuania, with a population of 555,613 as of 2008. It is the seat of the Vilnius city municipality and of the Vilnius district municipality....
 (Vilna) in 1925, and was its director from 1925 to 1939. From 1940 he led it in New York
New York City

The City of New York is the List of United States cities by population in the United States, while the New York metropolitan area ranks among the List of urban areas by population....
.

Weinreich is often cited as the author of a criterion for distinguishing between language
Language

A language is a form of symbol communication in which elements are combined to represents something other than themselves. Language can also refer to the use of such systems as a general phenomenon....
s and dialect
Dialect

A dialect is a variety of a language that is characteristic of a particular group of the language's speakers. The term is applied most often to regional speech patterns, but a dialect may also be defined by other factors, such as social class....
s: "A language is a dialect with an army and navy
A language is a dialect with an army and navy

"A language is a dialect with an army and navy" is one of the most frequently used aphorisms in the discussion of the distinction between dialect and language....
" ("?? ?????? ??? ?? ???????? ??? ??? ????? ??? ??????", "a shprakh iz a dialekt mit an armey un flot"; in "der yivo un di problemen fun undzer tsayt"(YIVO and the Problems of Our Time), yivo-bleter, January-July 1945, p. 13), but he states clearly in that text that he was quoting something told to him by an unnamed auditor at one of his lectures. Earlier authorship has also been attributed to French sources.

Known publications


English


  1. History of the Yiddish Language (Volumes 1 and 2) ed. Paul (Hershl) Glasser. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2008.


  1. Hitler's professors : the Part of Scholarship in Germany's Crimes Against the Jewish People. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1999.


  1. History of the Yiddish language. trans. Shlomo Noble, with the assistance of Joshua A. Fishman
    Joshua Fishman

    Joshua Aaron Fishman is internationally renowned for his groundbreaking work in the sociology of language, language planning, bilingual education, and language and ethnicity....
    . Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1980.


Yiddish and German


  1. Bilder fun der yidisher literaturgeshikhte fun di onheybn biz Mendele Mokher-Seforim, 1928.
  2. Das Jiddische Wissenschaftliche Institut ("Jiwo") die wissenschaftliche Zentralstelle des Ostjudentums, 1931.
  3. Fun beyde zaytn ployt: dos shturemdike lebn fun Uri Kovnern, dem nihilist, 1955
  4. Geschichte der jiddischen Sprachforschung. herausgegeben von Jerold C. Frakes, 1993
  5. Di geshikhte fun beyzn beyz, 1937.
  6. Geshikhte fun der yidisher shprakh: bagrifn, faktn, metodn, 1973.
  7. Hitlers profesorn : heylek fun der daytsher visnshaft in daytshland farbrekhns kegn yidishn folk. Nyu-York: Yidisher visnshaftlekher institut, Historishe sektsye, 1947.
  8. Mekhires-Yosef: ... aroysgenumen fun seyfer "Tam ve-yashar" un fun andere sforim ..., 1923.
  9. Der Onheyb: zamlbukh far literatur un visnshaft, redaktirt fun D. Aynhorn, Sh. Gorelik, M. Vaynraykh, 1922.
  10. Oysgeklibene shriftn, unter der redaktsye fun Shemu'el Rozshanski, 1974.
  11. Der oytser fun der yidisher sprakh fun Nahum Stutshkov ; unter der redaktsye fun Maks Vaynraykh, c. 1950
  12. Praktishe gramatik fun der yidisher shprakh F. Haylperin un M. Vaynraykh, 1929.
  13. Shtaplen fir etyudn tsu der yidisher shprakhvisnshaft un literaturgeshikhte, 1923.
  14. Shturemvint bilder fun der yidisher geshikhte in zibtsntn yorhundert
  15. Di shvartse pintelekh. Vilne: Yidisher visnshaftlekher institut, 1939.
  16. Di Yidishe visnshaft in der heyntiker tsayt. Nyu-York: 1941.


Other possible publications (validity uncertain)


  1. The reality of Jewishness versus the ghetto myth: The sociolinguistic roots of Yiddish by Max Weinreich In To honor to Roman Jacobson The Hague: Mounton 1967
  2. History of the Yiddish language: The problems and their implications by Max Weinreich 1963?
  3. Yiddish, Knaanic, Slavic: The basic relationships by Max Weinreich For Roman Jakobson The Hague, 1956 p. 623


Collected works


  1. For Max Weinreich on his seventieth birthday; studies in Jewish languages, literature, and society. 1964