Max Planck Society
Encyclopedia
The Max Planck
Society for the Advancement of Science is a formally independent non-governmental and non-profit association of German
research institute
s publicly funded by the federal and the 16 state governments of Germany.
The nearly 80 research institutes of the Max Planck Society conduct basic research
in the interest of the general public in the natural sciences, life sciences, social sciences, and the arts and humanities. They have a total staff of approx. 13,000 permanent employees, including 4,700 scientists, plus around 11,000 non-tenured scientists and guests. Their budget for 2006 was about €1.4 billion, with 84% from state and federal funds. The Max Planck Institutes focus on excellence in research, with 32 Nobel Prize
s awarded to their scientists, and are generally regarded as the foremost basic research organization in Germany and Europe.
Other notable networks of publicly funded research institutes in Germany are the Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft, performing applied research with a focus on industrial collaborations, the Helmholtz Association of German Research Centres, a network of the national laboratories in Germany, and the Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Scientific Community, a loose network of institutes performing basic to applied research.
, Peter Debye
, Albert Einstein
, Fritz Haber
and Werner Heisenberg
. In 1946, Otto Hahn
assumed the position of President of KWG, and in 1948, the society was renamed the Max Planck Society (MPG) after its former President (1930–37) Max Planck
, who was recently deceased.
The Max Planck Society has a world-leading reputation as a science & technology research organization. In 2006, the Times Higher Education Supplement rankings of non-university research institutions (based on international peer review by academics) placed the Max Planck Society as No.1 in the world for science research, and No.3 in technology research (behind AT&T
and the Argonne National Laboratory
in the United States
).
The domain mpg.de attracted at least 1.7 million visitors annually by 2008 according to a Compete.com
study.
, while the administrative headquarters are located in Munich
. In 2002 the cell biologist Peter Gruss
assumed the office of President of the MPG.
Funding is provided predominantly from federal and state sources, but also from research and license fees and donations. One of the larger donations from the Duke of Bavaria in 1967 was the castle Schloss Ringberg
near Kreuth
in Bavaria
. The castle passed to the Max Planck Society after the death of the duke in 1973 and is now used for conferences.
The research units are located all over Germany and in other European countries. The society is currently planning its first non-European centre, with an institute on the Jupiter campus of Florida Atlantic University
to focus on bioimaging.
The Max Planck Institutes operate independently from, though in close cooperation with, the universities, and focus on innovative research which does not fit into the university structure due
to their interdisciplinary
or transdisciplinary
nature or which require resources that cannot be met by the state universities.
Internally, Max Planck Institutes are organized into research departments headed by directors such that each MPI has several directors, a position roughly comparable to anything from full professor to department head at a university.
Currently, the following institutes and research groups exist:
The case of discrimination was brought to the European Parliament by Giorgio Calo among others, and then to the Europan civil Court by Andrea Raccanelli in the year 2004. Further allegations were made, such as the possibly illegal termination of tax benefits to about 20 foreigners once the MPI for Colloids and Interfaces discovered that giving foreigners tax benefits was against Max Planck Society's regulations . The European Court failed in favour of Raccanelli, stating that giving German research workers a different type of contract than other citizens from the European Union is considered a violation of the Article 39 EC . As a result, the European Court addressed the Max Planck Society to change such regulations, which they did.
In the first months after the resolution opposing data were presented: Raccanelli addressed the European Union civil court again stating that, although formally regulations had changed, Max Planck Institutes continued to de facto proceed in the same way, for which he provided data. He requested that data were provided by the MPG to verify that their change in policy was being implemented. The civil court replied that the Max Planck Society had provided data stating that, while there still were inequalities between foreign and local workers, these had been diminished. Whether this change of policy has been consolidated and expanded over time has not been siystematically studied.
High charges of the Max Planck Society have justified the previous internal regulations. For instance, the Head of Dpt. of Personnel and Legal affairs (Ruediger Willems) alleged to historical reasons as the basis of this discrimination, he furthermore stated that foreign students having a Stipendium were asked to work much less. Although a Stipendium indeed has weaker contractual bounds, the students were treated as if having a regular contract. Also, the director of the Max Planck Society (Peter Gruss) as well as the director of the Max Planck Institute for Colloids and Interfaces (Reinhard Lipowsky) alleged that regulations of the Bund-Länder-Kommission forced them to discriminate foreign workers.
Max Planck
Max Karl Ernst Ludwig Planck, ForMemRS, was a German physicist who actualized the quantum physics, initiating a revolution in natural science and philosophy. He is regarded as the founder of the quantum theory, for which he received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1918.-Life and career:Planck came...
Society for the Advancement of Science is a formally independent non-governmental and non-profit association of German
Germany
Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate...
research institute
Research institute
A research institute is an establishment endowed for doing research. Research institutes may specialize in basic research or may be oriented to applied research...
s publicly funded by the federal and the 16 state governments of Germany.
The nearly 80 research institutes of the Max Planck Society conduct basic research
Basic Research
Basic Research is an herbal supplement and cosmetics manufacturer based in Salt Lake City, Utah that distributes products through a large number of subsidiaries. In addition, their products are sold domestically and internationally through a number of high-end retailers. Dennis Gay is the...
in the interest of the general public in the natural sciences, life sciences, social sciences, and the arts and humanities. They have a total staff of approx. 13,000 permanent employees, including 4,700 scientists, plus around 11,000 non-tenured scientists and guests. Their budget for 2006 was about €1.4 billion, with 84% from state and federal funds. The Max Planck Institutes focus on excellence in research, with 32 Nobel Prize
Nobel Prize
The Nobel Prizes are annual international awards bestowed by Scandinavian committees in recognition of cultural and scientific advances. The will of the Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite, established the prizes in 1895...
s awarded to their scientists, and are generally regarded as the foremost basic research organization in Germany and Europe.
Other notable networks of publicly funded research institutes in Germany are the Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft, performing applied research with a focus on industrial collaborations, the Helmholtz Association of German Research Centres, a network of the national laboratories in Germany, and the Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Scientific Community, a loose network of institutes performing basic to applied research.
History
The organisation was established in 1911 as the Kaiser Wilhelm Society, or Kaiser-Wilhelm-Gesellschaft (KWG), a non-governmental research organisation named for the then German emperor. The KWG was one of the world's leading research organisations; its board of directors included scientists like Walther BotheWalther Bothe
Walther Wilhelm Georg Bothe was a German nuclear physicist, who shared the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1954 with Max Born....
, Peter Debye
Peter Debye
Peter Joseph William Debye FRS was a Dutch physicist and physical chemist, and Nobel laureate in Chemistry.-Early life:...
, Albert Einstein
Albert Einstein
Albert Einstein was a German-born theoretical physicist who developed the theory of general relativity, effecting a revolution in physics. For this achievement, Einstein is often regarded as the father of modern physics and one of the most prolific intellects in human history...
, Fritz Haber
Fritz Haber
Fritz Haber was a German chemist, who received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1918 for his development for synthesizing ammonia, important for fertilizers and explosives. Haber, along with Max Born, proposed the Born–Haber cycle as a method for evaluating the lattice energy of an ionic solid...
and Werner Heisenberg
Werner Heisenberg
Werner Karl Heisenberg was a German theoretical physicist who made foundational contributions to quantum mechanics and is best known for asserting the uncertainty principle of quantum theory...
. In 1946, Otto Hahn
Otto Hahn
Otto Hahn FRS was a German chemist and Nobel laureate, a pioneer in the fields of radioactivity and radiochemistry. He is regarded as "the father of nuclear chemistry". Hahn was a courageous opposer of Jewish persecution by the Nazis and after World War II he became a passionate campaigner...
assumed the position of President of KWG, and in 1948, the society was renamed the Max Planck Society (MPG) after its former President (1930–37) Max Planck
Max Planck
Max Karl Ernst Ludwig Planck, ForMemRS, was a German physicist who actualized the quantum physics, initiating a revolution in natural science and philosophy. He is regarded as the founder of the quantum theory, for which he received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1918.-Life and career:Planck came...
, who was recently deceased.
The Max Planck Society has a world-leading reputation as a science & technology research organization. In 2006, the Times Higher Education Supplement rankings of non-university research institutions (based on international peer review by academics) placed the Max Planck Society as No.1 in the world for science research, and No.3 in technology research (behind AT&T
AT&T
AT&T Inc. is an American multinational telecommunications corporation headquartered in Whitacre Tower, Dallas, Texas, United States. It is the largest provider of mobile telephony and fixed telephony in the United States, and is also a provider of broadband and subscription television services...
and the Argonne National Laboratory
Argonne National Laboratory
Argonne National Laboratory is the first science and engineering research national laboratory in the United States, receiving this designation on July 1, 1946. It is the largest national laboratory by size and scope in the Midwest...
in the United States
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
).
The domain mpg.de attracted at least 1.7 million visitors annually by 2008 according to a Compete.com
Compete.com
Compete.com is a web traffic analysis service of Compete, Inc. which operates in the United States and publishes the approximate number of global visitors to the top 1,000,000 web sites in the world...
study.
List of presidents of the KWG and the MPG
- Adolf von HarnackAdolf von HarnackAdolf von Harnack , was a German theologian and prominent church historian.He produced many religious publications from 1873-1912....
(1911–1930) - Max PlanckMax PlanckMax Karl Ernst Ludwig Planck, ForMemRS, was a German physicist who actualized the quantum physics, initiating a revolution in natural science and philosophy. He is regarded as the founder of the quantum theory, for which he received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1918.-Life and career:Planck came...
(1930–1937) - Carl BoschCarl BoschCarl Bosch was a German chemist and engineer and Nobel laureate in chemistry. He was a pioneer in the field of high-pressure industrial chemistry and founder of IG Farben, at one point the world's largest chemical company....
(1937–1940) - Albert VöglerAlbert VöglerAlbert Vögler , was a German liberal politician, industrialist and entrepreneur. He was a co-founder of the German People's Party, and an important executive in the munitions industry during the Second World War....
(1941–1945) - Max PlanckMax PlanckMax Karl Ernst Ludwig Planck, ForMemRS, was a German physicist who actualized the quantum physics, initiating a revolution in natural science and philosophy. He is regarded as the founder of the quantum theory, for which he received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1918.-Life and career:Planck came...
(16 May 1945 - 31 March 1946) - Otto HahnOtto HahnOtto Hahn FRS was a German chemist and Nobel laureate, a pioneer in the fields of radioactivity and radiochemistry. He is regarded as "the father of nuclear chemistry". Hahn was a courageous opposer of Jewish persecution by the Nazis and after World War II he became a passionate campaigner...
(as President of the KWG 1946 and then as President of the MPG 1948-1960) - Adolf ButenandtAdolf ButenandtAdolf Friedrich Johann Butenandt was a German biochemist and member of the Nazi party. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1939 for his "work on sex hormones." He initially rejected the award in accordance with government policy, but accepted it in 1949 after World War...
(1960–1972) - Reimar LüstReimar LüstReimar Lüst is a German astrophysicist. He was the director general of the European Space Agency from 1984 until 1990. Dr...
(1972–1984) - Heinz StaabHeinz StaabHeinz Staab is a German chemist. He was director of the Max Planck Society from 1984 until 1990.-Biography:He studied chemistry at the Marburg and the Tübingen, and was the president of GDCh from 1984 till 1985.-Awards:...
(1984–1990) - Hans F. ZacherHans F. ZacherHans Friedrich Zacher is a German academician. He was a professor at the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität and was the President of Max-Planck-Gesellschaft from 1990 till 1996.-Biography:...
(1990–1996) - Hubert MarklHubert MarklHubert Simon Markl is a German biologist who also served as President of the Max Planck Society from 1996 to 2002.-Early life:...
(1996–2002) - Peter GrussPeter GrussPeter Gruss is a German developmental biologist, and the current president of the Max-Planck-Gesellschaft...
(since 2002)
Organization
The Max Planck Society is formally an eingetragener Verein, a registered association with the institute directors as scientific members having equal voting rights. The society has its registered seat in BerlinBerlin
Berlin is the capital city of Germany and is one of the 16 states of Germany. With a population of 3.45 million people, Berlin is Germany's largest city. It is the second most populous city proper and the seventh most populous urban area in the European Union...
, while the administrative headquarters are located in Munich
Munich
Munich The city's motto is "" . Before 2006, it was "Weltstadt mit Herz" . Its native name, , is derived from the Old High German Munichen, meaning "by the monks' place". The city's name derives from the monks of the Benedictine order who founded the city; hence the monk depicted on the city's coat...
. In 2002 the cell biologist Peter Gruss
Peter Gruss
Peter Gruss is a German developmental biologist, and the current president of the Max-Planck-Gesellschaft...
assumed the office of President of the MPG.
Funding is provided predominantly from federal and state sources, but also from research and license fees and donations. One of the larger donations from the Duke of Bavaria in 1967 was the castle Schloss Ringberg
Schloss Ringberg
Schloss Ringberg is located in the Bavarian Alps, 50 km south of Munich, on a foothill overlooking the Tegernsee. Not open to the general public, it is a property of the Max Planck Society and used for conferences.- History :...
near Kreuth
Kreuth
Kreuth is a municipality in the district of Miesbach in Bavaria in Germany.-Schloss Ringberg:The castle Ringberg was owned by the dukes of Bavaria and was donated to the Max Planck Society in 1973.-Wildbad Kreuth:...
in Bavaria
Bavaria
Bavaria, formally the Free State of Bavaria is a state of Germany, located in the southeast of Germany. With an area of , it is the largest state by area, forming almost 20% of the total land area of Germany...
. The castle passed to the Max Planck Society after the death of the duke in 1973 and is now used for conferences.
Max Planck Institutes and Research Groups
The Max Planck Society consists of nearly 80 research institutes. In addition, the society funds a number of Max Planck Research Groups (MPRG) and International Max Planck Research Schools (IMPRS). The purpose of establishing independent research groups at various universities is to strengthen the required networking between universities and institutes of the Max Planck Society.The research units are located all over Germany and in other European countries. The society is currently planning its first non-European centre, with an institute on the Jupiter campus of Florida Atlantic University
Florida Atlantic University
Florida Atlantic University, also referred to as FAU or Florida Atlantic, is a public, coeducational, research university located in , United States. The university has six satellite campuses located in the Florida cities of Dania Beach, Davie, Fort Lauderdale, Jupiter, Port St. Lucie, and in Fort...
to focus on bioimaging.
The Max Planck Institutes operate independently from, though in close cooperation with, the universities, and focus on innovative research which does not fit into the university structure due
to their interdisciplinary
Interdisciplinarity
Interdisciplinarity involves the combining of two or more academic fields into one single discipline. An interdisciplinary field crosses traditional boundaries between academic disciplines or schools of thought, as new needs and professions have emerged....
or transdisciplinary
Transdisciplinarity
Transdisciplinarity connotes a research strategy that crosses many disciplinary boundaries to create a holistic approach. It applies to research efforts focused on problems that cross the boundaries of two or more disciplines, such as research on effective information systems for biomedical...
nature or which require resources that cannot be met by the state universities.
Internally, Max Planck Institutes are organized into research departments headed by directors such that each MPI has several directors, a position roughly comparable to anything from full professor to department head at a university.
Currently, the following institutes and research groups exist:
- Max Planck Institute for the Biology of AgeingMax Planck Institute for the Biology of AgeingThe Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing is located in the building of the Centre for Molecular Medicine Cologne in Köln, Germany. The institute was founded in 2008 and is being developed until 2012. It is one of 80 institutes in the Max Planck Society ....
, KölnKOLNKOLN, digital channel 10, is the CBS affiliate in Lincoln, Nebraska. It operates a satellite station, KGIN, on digital channel 11 in Grand Island. KGIN repeats all KOLN programming, but airs separate commercials... - Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary AnthropologyMax Planck Institute for Evolutionary AnthropologyThe Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology is a research institute based in Leipzig, Germany, founded in 1997. It is part of the Max Planck Society network....
, LeipzigLeipzigLeipzig Leipzig has always been a trade city, situated during the time of the Holy Roman Empire at the intersection of the Via Regia and Via Imperii, two important trade routes. At one time, Leipzig was one of the major European centres of learning and culture in fields such as music and publishing... - Max Planck Institute for Social AnthropologyMax Planck Institute for Social AnthropologyThe Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology is located in Halle , Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. It was founded in 1999, and moved into new buildings 2001...
, Halle/Saale - Bibliotheca Hertziana - Max Planck Institute of Art HistoryBibliotheca Hertziana - Max Planck Institute of Art HistoryThe Bibliotheca Hertziana – Max Planck Institute of Art History is located in Rome, Italy. It was founded by a donation of Henriette Hertz in 1913 as a Kaiser Wilhelm Institute...
, RomeRomeRome is the capital of Italy and the country's largest and most populated city and comune, with over 2.7 million residents in . The city is located in the central-western portion of the Italian Peninsula, on the Tiber River within the Lazio region of Italy.Rome's history spans two and a half... - Max Planck Institute for AstronomyMax Planck Institute for AstronomyThe Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie is a research institute of the Max Planck Society. It is located in Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany near the top of the Koenigstuhl, adjacent to the historic Landessternwarte Heidelberg-Königstuhl astronomical observatory.The institute was founded in...
, HeidelbergHeidelberg-Early history:Between 600,000 and 200,000 years ago, "Heidelberg Man" died at nearby Mauer. His jaw bone was discovered in 1907; with scientific dating, his remains were determined to be the earliest evidence of human life in Europe. In the 5th century BC, a Celtic fortress of refuge and place of... - Max Planck Institute for AstrophysicsMax Planck Institute for AstrophysicsThe Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics is a Max Planck Institute, located in Garching, near Munich, Bavaria, Germany. It was founded as Max Planck Institute for Physics and Astrophysics in 1958 and split up into the Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics and the Max Planck Institute for Physics...
, GarchingGarching bei MünchenGarching bei München or Garching is a city in Bavaria, Germany near Munich. It is the home of several research institutes and university departments. It became a city on 14 September 1990.-Location:...
- Max Planck Institute of BiochemistryMax Planck Institute of BiochemistryThe Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry is a research institute of the Max Planck Society located in Martinsried, a suburb of Munich. The Institute was "founded in 1973 by the merger of three formerly independent institutes: the Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, the Max Planck Institute of...
, MartinsriedMartinsriedMartinsried is a section of Planegg, a municipality neighboring Munich, Germany. Martinsried lies about 15 km southwest of Munich's city center.Martinsried is mostly known as the location of the Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry and the... - Max Planck Institute for BiogeochemistryMax Planck Institute for BiogeochemistryThe Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry is located in Jena, Germany. It was created in 1997, and moved into new buildings 2002. It is one of 80 institute in the Max Planck Society .-External links:*...
, JenaJenaJena is a university city in central Germany on the river Saale. It has a population of approx. 103,000 and is the second largest city in the federal state of Thuringia, after Erfurt.-History:Jena was first mentioned in an 1182 document... - Max Planck Institute for Bioinorganic ChemistryMax Planck Institute for Bioinorganic ChemistryThe Max Planck Institute for Bioinorganic Chemistry is a scientific research facility located in the German town of Mülheim, northeast of Düsseldorf. It is named after physicist Max Planck. It was first part of the Max Planck Institute for Coal Research and then became independent under the name of...
, Mülheim/Ruhr, formerly Max Planck Institute for Radiation Chemistry - Max Planck Institute for Molecular BiomedicineMax Planck Institute for Molecular BiomedicineThe Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine was founded on 1 April 2001 in Münster, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is part of the Max Planck Society. The managing director is Prof. Dr. Ralf H. Adams.- History :...
, MünsterMünsterMünster is an independent city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is located in the northern part of the state and is considered to be the cultural centre of the Westphalia region. It is also capital of the local government region Münsterland... - Max Planck Institute for Biophysical ChemistryMax Planck Institute for Biophysical ChemistryThe Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry in Göttingen is a research institute of the Max Planck Society. Currently, 812 people work at the Institute, 353 of them are scientists....
(Karl Friedrich Bonhoeffer Institute), GöttingenGöttingenGöttingen is a university town in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is the capital of the district of Göttingen. The Leine river runs through the town. In 2006 the population was 129,686.-General information:... - Max Planck Institute for BiophysicsMax Planck Institute for BiophysicsThe Max Planck Institute for Biophysics is located in Frankfurt am Main, Germany. It was founded as Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Biophysics in 1937, and moved into a new building in 2003...
, Frankfurt/Main - Max Planck Institute for Brain ResearchMax Planck Institute for Brain ResearchThe Max Planck Institute for Brain Research is located in Frankfurt, Germany. It was founded as Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Brain Research in Berlin 1914, and moved into new buildings in Frankfurt 1962...
, Frankfurt/Main
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Cell Biology and GeneticsMax Planck Institute for Molecular Cell Biology and GeneticsThe Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics is a biology research institute located in Dresden, Germany. It was founded in 1998 and was fully operational in 2000...
, DresdenDresdenDresden is the capital city of the Free State of Saxony in Germany. It is situated in a valley on the River Elbe, near the Czech border. The Dresden conurbation is part of the Saxon Triangle metropolitan area.... - Max Planck Institute for ChemistryMax Planck Institute for ChemistryThe Max Planck Institute for Chemistry is a scientific research institute under the Max-Planck-Gesellschaft.Basic research in chemistry and related subjects is carried out at the four departments of the institute. The departments are independently led by their Directors.-The departments:The...
(Otto Hahn Institute), MainzMainzMainz under the Holy Roman Empire, and previously was a Roman fort city which commanded the west bank of the Rhine and formed part of the northernmost frontier of the Roman Empire... - Max Planck Institute for Coal ResearchMax Planck Institute for Coal ResearchThe Max Planck Institute für Kohlenforschung is a chemical research institute located in Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany. The institute is part of the Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, a network of scientific research institutes mainly located in Germany...
, Mülheim/Ruhr - Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain SciencesMax Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain SciencesThe Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences is located Leipzig, Germany. The institute was founded in 2004 by a merger between the former Max Planck Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience in Leipzig and the Max Planck Institute for Psychological Research in Munich...
, LeipzigLeipzigLeipzig Leipzig has always been a trade city, situated during the time of the Holy Roman Empire at the intersection of the Via Regia and Via Imperii, two important trade routes. At one time, Leipzig was one of the major European centres of learning and culture in fields such as music and publishing... - Max Planck Institute for Research on Collective GoodsMax Planck Institute for Research on Collective GoodsThe Max Planck Institute for Research on Collective Goods is located in Bonn, Germany. It was founded 1997 as temporary project and transformed into a permanent institute 2003...
, BonnBonnBonn is the 19th largest city in Germany. Located in the Cologne/Bonn Region, about 25 kilometres south of Cologne on the river Rhine in the State of North Rhine-Westphalia, it was the capital of West Germany from 1949 to 1990 and the official seat of government of united Germany from 1990 to 1999....
, formerly Max Planck Project Group Common Goods, Law, Politics and Economics - Max Planck Institute for Colloids and InterfacesMax Planck Institute for Colloids and InterfacesThe Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces is a research institute for colloids, located in Golm , Germany. It was founded in 1990 as a successor of the Institute for Physical Chemistry and for Organic Chemistry in Berlin-Adlershof and of for Polymer Chemistry in Teltow. It moved into the...
, Golm (Potsdam)Golm (Potsdam)Golm is a locality of Potsdam, the capital of the German state of Brandenburg. The former municipality was incorporated in 2003.... - Max Planck Institute for Biological CyberneticsMax Planck Institute for Biological CyberneticsThe Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics is located in Tübingen, Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is one of 80 institutes in the Max Planck Society ....
, TübingenTübingenTübingen is a traditional university town in central Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is situated south of the state capital, Stuttgart, on a ridge between the Neckar and Ammer rivers.-Geography:...
- Max Planck Institute for Demographic ResearchMax Planck Institute for Demographic ResearchThe Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research is located in Rostock, Germany. It was founded in 1996 and moved into new buildings in Rostock in 2002. It is one of approximately 80 institutes of the Max Planck Society....
, RostockRostockRostock -Early history:In the 11th century Polabian Slavs founded a settlement at the Warnow river called Roztoc ; the name Rostock is derived from that designation. The Danish king Valdemar I set the town aflame in 1161.Afterwards the place was settled by German traders... - Max Planck Institute for Developmental BiologyMax Planck Institute for Developmental BiologyThe Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology is located in Tübingen, Germany. The main topics of scientific research conducted by the Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology focus on the molecular mechanisms underlying spatial information within the embryo, communication between cells...
, TübingenTübingenTübingen is a traditional university town in central Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is situated south of the state capital, Stuttgart, on a ridge between the Neckar and Ammer rivers.-Geography:... - Max Planck Institute for the Study of Religious and Ethnic DiversityMax Planck Institute for the Study of Religious and Ethnic DiversityThe Max Planck Institute for the Study of Religious and Ethnic Diversity is located in Göttingen, Germany. It is one of 80 institute in the Max Planck Society ....
, GöttingenGöttingenGöttingen is a university town in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is the capital of the district of Göttingen. The Leine river runs through the town. In 2006 the population was 129,686.-General information:...
, formerly Max Planck Institute for History - Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-OrganizationMax Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-OrganizationThe Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-organisation in Göttingen, Germany, is a research institute for investigations of complex non-equilibrium systems, particularly in physics and biology....
, GöttingenGöttingenGöttingen is a university town in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is the capital of the district of Göttingen. The Leine river runs through the town. In 2006 the population was 129,686.-General information:...
, formerly Max Planck Institute for Flow Research - Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical SystemsMax Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical SystemsThe Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems is located in Magdeburg, Germany. It was founded in 1996. It is one of 80 institutes in the Max Planck Society ....
, MagdeburgMagdeburgMagdeburg , is the largest city and the capital city of the Bundesland of Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Magdeburg is situated on the Elbe River and was one of the most important medieval cities of Europe....
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical EcologyMax Planck Institute for Chemical EcologyThe Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology is located on the Beutenberg campus in Jena, Germany. It was founded in March 1996, and moved into new buildings in 2002. It is one of 80 institutes of the Max Planck Society ....
, JenaJenaJena is a university city in central Germany on the river Saale. It has a population of approx. 103,000 and is the second largest city in the federal state of Thuringia, after Erfurt.-History:Jena was first mentioned in an 1182 document... - Max Planck Institute of EconomicsMax Planck Institute of EconomicsThe Max Planck Institute of Economics was founded in 1993 as the Max Planck Institute for Research into Economic Systems...
, JenaJenaJena is a university city in central Germany on the river Saale. It has a population of approx. 103,000 and is the second largest city in the federal state of Thuringia, after Erfurt.-History:Jena was first mentioned in an 1182 document... - Max Planck Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, HanoverHanoverHanover or Hannover, on the river Leine, is the capital of the federal state of Lower Saxony , Germany and was once by personal union the family seat of the Hanoverian Kings of Great Britain, under their title as the dukes of Brunswick-Lüneburg...
- Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial PhysicsMax Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial PhysicsThe Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics is a Max Planck Institute, located in Garching, near Munich, Germany.In 1991 the Max Planck Institute for Physics and Astrophysics split up into the Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, the Max Planck Institute for Physics and the...
, Garching - Max Planck Research Unit for Enzymology of Protein FoldingMax Planck Research Unit for Enzymology of Protein FoldingThe Max Planck Research Unit for Enzymology of Protein Folding is located in Halle , Germany. It was founded in 1996. It is one of 80 institute in the Max Planck Society ....
, Halle/Saale - Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, PlönPlönPlön is the district seat of the Plön district in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany, and has about 13,000 inhabitants. It lies right on the shores of Schleswig-Holstein's biggest lake, the Great Plön Lake, as well as on several smaller lakes, touching the town on virtually all sides...
, formerly Max Planck Institute of LimnologyMax Planck Institute of LimnologyThe Max Planck Institute of Limnology concerned the study of inland waters like lakes, ponds and rivers. It is located in Plön, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. It was founded as Hydrobiologische Station zu Plön in 1892, and was renamed 1966...
- Max Planck Florida Institute, Palm Beach, FloridaPalm Beach, FloridaThe Town of Palm Beach is an incorporated town in Palm Beach County, Florida, United States. The Intracoastal Waterway separates it from the neighboring cities of West Palm Beach and Lake Worth...
- The Friedrich Miescher Laboratory of the MPGThe Friedrich Miescher Laboratory of the MPGThe Friedrich Miescher Laboratory of the Max-Planck-Gesellschaft was founded in 1969 to offer highly qualified junior scientists in the area of biology an opportunity to establish independent research groups and pursue their own line of research within a five-year period...
, TübingenTübingenTübingen is a traditional university town in central Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is situated south of the state capital, Stuttgart, on a ridge between the Neckar and Ammer rivers.-Geography:... - Fritz Haber Institute of the MPGFritz Haber Institute of the MPGThe Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society is a science research institute located at the heart of the academic district of Dahlem, in Berlin, Germany....
, BerlinBerlinBerlin is the capital city of Germany and is one of the 16 states of Germany. With a population of 3.45 million people, Berlin is Germany's largest city. It is the second most populous city proper and the seventh most populous urban area in the European Union...
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular GeneticsMax Planck Institute for Molecular GeneticsThe Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics is a research institute for molecular genetics based in Berlin, Germany. It is part of the Max Planck Institute network of the Max Planck Society for the Advancement of Science.- External links :*...
, BerlinBerlinBerlin is the capital city of Germany and is one of the 16 states of Germany. With a population of 3.45 million people, Berlin is Germany's largest city. It is the second most populous city proper and the seventh most populous urban area in the European Union... - Max Planck Institute for Gravitational PhysicsMax Planck Institute for Gravitational PhysicsThe Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics is a Max Planck Institute whose research is aimed at investigating Einstein’s theory of relativity and beyond: Mathematics, quantum gravity, astrophysical relativity, and gravitational wave astronomy...
(Albert Einstein Institute), Golm (Potsdam)Golm (Potsdam)Golm is a locality of Potsdam, the capital of the German state of Brandenburg. The former municipality was incorporated in 2003....
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research (W. G. Kerckhoff Institute), Bad NauheimBad NauheimBad Nauheim is a town in the Wetteraukreis district of Hesse state of Germany. , Bad Nauheim has a population of 30,365. The town is located approximately 35 kilometers north of Frankfurt am Main, on the east edge of the Taunus mountain range. It is a world-famous resort, noted for its salt...
, formerly Max Planck Institute for Physiological and Clinical Research - Max Planck Institute for the History of ScienceMax Planck Institute for the History of ScienceThe Max Planck Institute for the History of Science in Berlin was established in March 1994. Its research is primarily devoted to a theoretically oriented history of science, principally of the natural sciences, but with methodological perspectives drawn from the cognitive sciences and from...
, BerlinBerlinBerlin is the capital city of Germany and is one of the 16 states of Germany. With a population of 3.45 million people, Berlin is Germany's largest city. It is the second most populous city proper and the seventh most populous urban area in the European Union... - Max Planck Institute for Human DevelopmentMax Planck Institute for Human DevelopmentThe Max Planck Institute for Human Development is located in Berlin, Germany. It was founded in 1963 and is one of 80 institutes in the Max Planck Society ....
, BerlinBerlinBerlin is the capital city of Germany and is one of the 16 states of Germany. With a population of 3.45 million people, Berlin is Germany's largest city. It is the second most populous city proper and the seventh most populous urban area in the European Union...
- Max Planck Institute for Immunobiology and Epigenetics, FreiburgFreiburgFreiburg im Breisgau is a city in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. In the extreme south-west of the country, it straddles the Dreisam river, at the foot of the Schlossberg. Historically, the city has acted as the hub of the Breisgau region on the western edge of the Black Forest in the Upper Rhine Plain...
- Max Planck Institute for Infection BiologyMax Planck Institute for Infection BiologyThe Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology is a research institute of the Max Planck Society located in Berlin. The institute was founded 1993 near the Charité hospital in Berlin on the campus of the Humboldt University of Berlin in Berlin-Mitte....
, BerlinBerlinBerlin is the capital city of Germany and is one of the 16 states of Germany. With a population of 3.45 million people, Berlin is Germany's largest city. It is the second most populous city proper and the seventh most populous urban area in the European Union... - Max Planck Institute for Informatics, SaarbrückenSaarbrückenSaarbrücken is the capital of the state of Saarland in Germany. The city is situated at the heart of a metropolitan area that borders on the west on Dillingen and to the north-east on Neunkirchen, where most of the people of the Saarland live....
- Max Planck Institute for Intellectual Property and Competition Law, München
- Max Planck Institute for Iron Research GmbHMax Planck Institute for Iron Research GmbHThe Max Planck Institute for Iron Research GmbH is a research institute of the Max Planck Society located in Düsseldorf. The institute was founded as Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Iron Research in Aachen 1917 and moved 1921 to Düsseldorf.-External links:* *...
, DüsseldorfDüsseldorfDüsseldorf is the capital city of the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia and centre of the Rhine-Ruhr metropolitan region.Düsseldorf is an important international business and financial centre and renowned for its fashion and trade fairs. Located centrally within the European Megalopolis, the...
- Max Planck Institute for Foreign and International Criminal LawMax Planck Institute for Foreign and International Criminal LawThe Max Planck Institute for Foreign and International Criminal Law is a non-university research institute located in Freiburg, Germany. The institute is part of the Max Planck Society and is conducting basic research into criminal law and criminology....
, FreiburgFreiburgFreiburg im Breisgau is a city in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. In the extreme south-west of the country, it straddles the Dreisam river, at the foot of the Schlossberg. Historically, the city has acted as the hub of the Breisgau region on the western edge of the Black Forest in the Upper Rhine Plain... - Max Planck Institute for Comparative Public Law and International LawMax Planck Institute for Comparative Public Law and International LawThe Max Planck Institute for Comparative Public Law and International Law is a legal research institute located in Heidelberg, Germany. It is operated by the Max Planck Society...
, HeidelbergHeidelberg-Early history:Between 600,000 and 200,000 years ago, "Heidelberg Man" died at nearby Mauer. His jaw bone was discovered in 1907; with scientific dating, his remains were determined to be the earliest evidence of human life in Europe. In the 5th century BC, a Celtic fortress of refuge and place of... - Max Planck Institute for Comparative and International Private Law, HamburgHamburg-History:The first historic name for the city was, according to Claudius Ptolemy's reports, Treva.But the city takes its modern name, Hamburg, from the first permanent building on the site, a castle whose construction was ordered by the Emperor Charlemagne in AD 808...
- Max Planck Institute for Foreign and International Social LawMax Planck Institute for Foreign and International Social LawThe Max Planck Institute for Foreign and International Social Law is a research institute devoted to the field of foreign and international social law. It is one of the research institutes of the Max Planck Society....
, München - Max Planck Institute for European Legal HistoryMax Planck Institute for European History of LawThe Max Planck Institute for European History of Law was founded in 1946 in Frankfurt am Main, Germany. As one of 80 institutes in the Max Planck Society it focuses on trans-national comparisons and the portrayal of European legal development.-History:The Max Planck Institute for European Legal...
, Frankfurt/Main
- Max Planck Institute for Mathematics, BonnBonnBonn is the 19th largest city in Germany. Located in the Cologne/Bonn Region, about 25 kilometres south of Cologne on the river Rhine in the State of North Rhine-Westphalia, it was the capital of West Germany from 1949 to 1990 and the official seat of government of united Germany from 1990 to 1999....
- Max Planck Institute for Mathematics in the SciencesMax Planck Institute for Mathematics in the SciencesThe Max Planck Institute for Mathematics in the Sciences in Leipzig was founded on March 1, 1996.At the institute scientists work on projects which apply mathematics in various areas of natural sciences, in particular physics, biology, chemistry and material science.Main research areas are*...
, LeipzigLeipzigLeipzig Leipzig has always been a trade city, situated during the time of the Holy Roman Empire at the intersection of the Via Regia and Via Imperii, two important trade routes. At one time, Leipzig was one of the major European centres of learning and culture in fields such as music and publishing... - Max Planck Institute for Medical ResearchMax Planck Institute for Medical ResearchThe Max Planck Institute for Medical Research in Heidelberg, Germany, is a facility of the Max Planck Society for basic medical research. Since its foundation, six Nobel Prize laureates worked at the Institute: Otto Fritz Meyerhof , Richard Kuhn , Walther Bothe , André Michel Lwoff , Rudolf...
, HeidelbergHeidelberg-Early history:Between 600,000 and 200,000 years ago, "Heidelberg Man" died at nearby Mauer. His jaw bone was discovered in 1907; with scientific dating, his remains were determined to be the earliest evidence of human life in Europe. In the 5th century BC, a Celtic fortress of refuge and place of... - Max Planck Institute for Experimental MedicineMax Planck Institute for Experimental MedicineThe Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine is located in Göttingen, Germany. It was founded as Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Medical Research in 1947, and was renamed in 1965. It is one of 80 institutes in the Max Planck Society ....
, GöttingenGöttingenGöttingen is a university town in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is the capital of the district of Göttingen. The Leine river runs through the town. In 2006 the population was 129,686.-General information:... - Max Planck Institute for Metals ResearchMax Planck Institute for Metals ResearchThe Max Planck Institute for Metals Research is a research institute of the Max Planck Society located in Stuttgart. The institute was founded 1921 as Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Metal Research in Berlin and closed 1932. 1934 it was reopened in Stuttgart and incorporated into the Max Planck...
, StuttgartStuttgartStuttgart is the capital of the state of Baden-Württemberg in southern Germany. The sixth-largest city in Germany, Stuttgart has a population of 600,038 while the metropolitan area has a population of 5.3 million .... - Max Planck Institute for Meteorology,http://www.mpimet.mpg.de/home.html, HamburgHamburg-History:The first historic name for the city was, according to Claudius Ptolemy's reports, Treva.But the city takes its modern name, Hamburg, from the first permanent building on the site, a castle whose construction was ordered by the Emperor Charlemagne in AD 808...
- Max Planck Institute for Marine MicrobiologyMax Planck Institute for Marine MicrobiologyThe Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology is located in Bremen, Germany. It was founded in 1992, almost a year after the foundation of its sister institute, the Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology at Marburg. In 1996, the institute moved into new buildings at the campus of the...
, Bremen - Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial MicrobiologyMax Planck Institute for Terrestrial MicrobiologyThe Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology is a research institute for microbiology in Marburg, Germany. It was founded in 1991 and is one of 80 institutes in the Max Planck Society ....
, MarburgMarburgMarburg is a city in the state of Hesse, Germany, on the River Lahn. It is the main town of the Marburg-Biedenkopf district and its population, as of March 2010, was 79,911.- Founding and early history :... - Max Planck Institute for Microstructure PhysicsMax Planck Institute for Microstructure PhysicsSituated at a lush green meadow by the river Saale, the at is a premier institute in Germany, as well as in the world, in the field of material research. It was founded in 1992 as a follow up of the Academy of Science Institute of Solid State Physics and Electron Microscopy and moved into the new...
, Halle/Saale - Max Planck Working Groups for Structural Molecular Biology at DESY, HamburgHamburg-History:The first historic name for the city was, according to Claudius Ptolemy's reports, Treva.But the city takes its modern name, Hamburg, from the first permanent building on the site, a castle whose construction was ordered by the Emperor Charlemagne in AD 808...
- Max Planck Institute of NeurobiologyMax Planck Institute of NeurobiologyThe Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology is a research institute of the Max Planck Society located in Martinsried, a suburb of Munich in Germany. Research centers on the basic mechanisms and functions of the developing and adult nervous system. Main focus areas include the mechanisms of...
, MartinsriedMartinsriedMartinsried is a section of Planegg, a municipality neighboring Munich, Germany. Martinsried lies about 15 km southwest of Munich's city center.Martinsried is mostly known as the location of the Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry and the... - Max Planck Institute for Neurological Research, KölnKOLNKOLN, digital channel 10, is the CBS affiliate in Lincoln, Nebraska. It operates a satellite station, KGIN, on digital channel 11 in Grand Island. KGIN repeats all KOLN programming, but airs separate commercials...
- Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, AndechsAndechsThe Benedictine abbey of Andechs is a place of pilgrimage on a hill east of the Ammersee in the Landkreis of Starnberg in Germany, in the municipality Andechs. Andechs Abbey is famed for its flamboyant Baroque church and its brewery...
-Erling (Biological Rhythms and Behaviour), RadolfzellRadolfzellRadolfzell am Bodensee is a town in Germany at the western end of Lake Constance approximately 18 km northwest of Konstanz. It is the third largest town, after Constance and Singen, in the district of Konstanz, in Baden-Württemberg....
, Seewiesen (Reproductive Biology and Behaviour)http://www.orn.mpg.de/
- Max Planck Institute for PhysicsMax Planck Institute for PhysicsMax Planck Institute for Physics is a physics institute in Munich, Germany that specializes in High Energy Physics and Astroparticle physics. It is part of the Max-Planck-Gesellschaft and is also known as the Werner Heisenberg Institute, after its first director.It was founded as the Kaiser Wilhelm...
(Werner Heisenberg Institute), München - Max Planck Institute for Nuclear PhysicsMax Planck Institute for Nuclear PhysicsThe Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik is aresearch institute in Heidelberg, Germany.The institute is one of the 80 institutes of the Max-Planck-Gesellschaft , an independent, non-profit research organization. The Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics has been founded in 1958 under the...
, HeidelbergHeidelberg-Early history:Between 600,000 and 200,000 years ago, "Heidelberg Man" died at nearby Mauer. His jaw bone was discovered in 1907; with scientific dating, his remains were determined to be the earliest evidence of human life in Europe. In the 5th century BC, a Celtic fortress of refuge and place of... - Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex SystemsMax Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex SystemsThe Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex systems is one of the 80 institutes of the Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, located in Dresden, Germany.- Research :...
, DresdenDresdenDresden is the capital city of the Free State of Saxony in Germany. It is situated in a valley on the River Elbe, near the Czech border. The Dresden conurbation is part of the Saxon Triangle metropolitan area.... - Max Planck Institute for the Chemical Physics of Solids, DresdenDresdenDresden is the capital city of the Free State of Saxony in Germany. It is situated in a valley on the River Elbe, near the Czech border. The Dresden conurbation is part of the Saxon Triangle metropolitan area....
- Max Planck Institute for Behavioral PhysiologyMax Planck Institute for Behavioral PhysiologyThe former Max Planck Institute for Behavioral Physiology was located in Seewiesen, Bavaria, Germany. It was one of 80 institutes in the Max Planck Society ....
, Seewiesen closing - Max Planck Institute for Molecular PhysiologyMax Planck Institute for Molecular PhysiologyThe Max Planck Institute for Molecular Physiology is located in Dortmund, Germany next to the university. It is one of 80 institutes in the Max Planck Society .The institute is divided into four departments:...
, DortmundDortmundDortmund is a city in Germany. It is located in the Bundesland of North Rhine-Westphalia, in the Ruhr area. Its population of 585,045 makes it the 7th largest city in Germany and the 34th largest in the European Union.... - Max Planck Institute for Molecular Plant PhysiologyMax Planck Institute for Molecular Plant PhysiologyThe Max Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology is a research institute for molecular plant physiology based in Golm , Germany. It focuses on the study of the dynamics of plant metabolism and how that relates to the entire plant system. It is part of the Max Planck Institute network of the...
, Golm (Potsdam)Golm (Potsdam)Golm is a locality of Potsdam, the capital of the German state of Brandenburg. The former municipality was incorporated in 2003.... - Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding ResearchMax Planck Institute for Plant Breeding ResearchThe Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research is located in Cologne, Germany. The institute was founded as part of the Kaiser Wilhelm Society as the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Plant Breeding Research in 1928 in Müncheberg, midway between Berlin and the German-Polish border...
, KölnKOLNKOLN, digital channel 10, is the CBS affiliate in Lincoln, Nebraska. It operates a satellite station, KGIN, on digital channel 11 in Grand Island. KGIN repeats all KOLN programming, but airs separate commercials... - Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, GarchingGarching bei MünchenGarching bei München or Garching is a city in Bavaria, Germany near Munich. It is the home of several research institutes and university departments. It became a city on 14 September 1990.-Location:...
and GreifswaldGreifswaldGreifswald , officially, the University and Hanseatic City of Greifswald is a town in northeastern Germany. It is situated in the state of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, at an equal distance of about from Germany's two largest cities, Berlin and Hamburg. The town borders the Baltic Sea, and is crossed... - Max Planck Institute for Polymer ResearchMax Planck Institute for Polymer ResearchThe Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research is a scientific research institute located in Mainz, Germany. It concentrates on foundational research on macromolecular materials. The institute was founded in 1983...
, MainzMainzMainz under the Holy Roman Empire, and previously was a Roman fort city which commanded the west bank of the Rhine and formed part of the northernmost frontier of the Roman Empire... - Max Planck Institute of PsychiatryMax Planck Institute of PsychiatryThe Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry is a psychiatric institute in Munich, Germany. It is a part of the Max Planck Society.-History:The Institute was founded as Deutsche Forschungsanstalt für Psychiatrie by King Ludwig III of Bavaria in Munich on February 13, 1917. The main force behind the...
, München - Max Planck Institute for PsycholinguisticsMax Planck Institute for PsycholinguisticsThe Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics is an institute for scientific research in the area of psycholinguistics. The institute is located in Nijmegen in the province of Gelderland in The Netherlands. The institute is a member of the German Max Planck Society and is the only institute of...
, Nijmegen
- Max Planck Institute of Quantum OpticsMax Planck Institute of Quantum OpticsThe Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics is a part of the Max Planck Society which operates 80 research facilities in Germany.The institute is located in Garching, Germany, which in turn is located 10 km north-east of Munich...
, GarchingGarching bei MünchenGarching bei München or Garching is a city in Bavaria, Germany near Munich. It is the home of several research institutes and university departments. It became a city on 14 September 1990.-Location:...
- Max Planck Institute for Radio AstronomyMax Planck Institute for Radio AstronomyThe Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy is located in Bonn, Germany. It is one of 80 institutes in the Max Planck Society .-History:...
, BonnBonnBonn is the 19th largest city in Germany. Located in the Cologne/Bonn Region, about 25 kilometres south of Cologne on the river Rhine in the State of North Rhine-Westphalia, it was the capital of West Germany from 1949 to 1990 and the official seat of government of united Germany from 1990 to 1999....
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, ErlangenErlangenErlangen is a Middle Franconian city in Bavaria, Germany. It is located at the confluence of the river Regnitz and its large tributary, the Untere Schwabach.Erlangen has more than 100,000 inhabitants....
- Max Planck Institute for Software SystemsMax Planck Institute for Software SystemsThe Max Planck Institute for Software Systems is a computer science research institute co-located in Saarbrücken and Kaiserslautern, Germany. The institute is chartered to conduct basic research in all areas related to the design, analysis, modeling, implementation and evaluation of complex...
, KaiserslauternKaiserslauternKaiserslautern is a city in southwest Germany, located in the Bundesland of Rhineland-Palatinate at the edge of the Palatinate forest . The historic centre dates to the 9th century. It is from Paris, from Frankfurt am Main, and from Luxembourg.Kaiserslautern is home to 99,469 people...
and SaarbrückenSaarbrückenSaarbrücken is the capital of the state of Saarland in Germany. The city is situated at the heart of a metropolitan area that borders on the west on Dillingen and to the north-east on Neunkirchen, where most of the people of the Saarland live.... - Max Planck Institute for Solar System ResearchMax Planck Institute for Solar System ResearchThe Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research is a research institute in Astronomy/Astrophysics, located in Lindau , Germany; 20 km north east of Göttingen. The exploration of our solar system is the central theme for the scientific research done at this Institute...
, formerly Max Planck Institute for Aeronomy, Lindau (Katlenburg-Lindau)Lindau (Katlenburg-Lindau)Lindau variously referred to as Lindau am Harz, Lindau and K-L-Lindau is a village in the southern Niedersachsen section of the Eichsfeld, Germany. Lindau belongs to the Gemeinde of Katlenburg-Lindau and to the Landkreis of Northeim... - Max Planck Institute for Solid State ResearchMax Planck Institute for Solid State ResearchThe Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research is part of the Max Planck Society which operates 80 research facilities in Germany. It is a research institute located in Büsnau which is part of Stuttgart, Germany....
, StuttgartStuttgartStuttgart is the capital of the state of Baden-Württemberg in southern Germany. The sixth-largest city in Germany, Stuttgart has a population of 600,038 while the metropolitan area has a population of 5.3 million .... - Max Planck Institute for the Study of SocietiesMax Planck Institute for the Study of SocietiesThe Max Planck Institute for the Study of Societies is a German social-science research institute within the Max Planck Society located in Cologne. Established in 1985, it was initially headed by sociologist Renate Mayntz , followed by political scientist Fritz W...
, KölnKOLNKOLN, digital channel 10, is the CBS affiliate in Lincoln, Nebraska. It operates a satellite station, KGIN, on digital channel 11 in Grand Island. KGIN repeats all KOLN programming, but airs separate commercials... - Max Planck Institute for Tax Law and Public FinanceMax Planck Institute for Tax Law and Public FinanceThe is an interdisciplinary research center in Munich. The Institute is part of the Max Planck Society, Germany’s foremost provider of basic research in science and humanities, funded largely from public resources.- History :...
, MunichMunichMunich The city's motto is "" . Before 2006, it was "Weltstadt mit Herz" . Its native name, , is derived from the Old High German Munichen, meaning "by the monks' place". The city's name derives from the monks of the Benedictine order who founded the city; hence the monk depicted on the city's coat...
International Max Planck Research Schools
Together with the Association of Universities and other Education Institutions in Germany, the Max Planck Society established numerous International Max Planck Research Schools (IMPRS) to promote junior scientists:- International Max Planck Research School for Advanced Materials, StuttgartStuttgartStuttgart is the capital of the state of Baden-Württemberg in southern Germany. The sixth-largest city in Germany, Stuttgart has a population of 600,038 while the metropolitan area has a population of 5.3 million ....
- International Max Planck Research School for Analysis, Design and Optimization in Chemical and Biochemical Process Engineering http://www.pe-imprs.mpg.de/, MagdeburgMagdeburgMagdeburg , is the largest city and the capital city of the Bundesland of Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Magdeburg is situated on the Elbe River and was one of the most important medieval cities of Europe....
- International Max Planck Research School for Astronomy and Cosmic Physics, HeidelbergHeidelberg-Early history:Between 600,000 and 200,000 years ago, "Heidelberg Man" died at nearby Mauer. His jaw bone was discovered in 1907; with scientific dating, his remains were determined to be the earliest evidence of human life in Europe. In the 5th century BC, a Celtic fortress of refuge and place of...
at the MPI for AstronomyMax Planck Institute for AstronomyThe Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie is a research institute of the Max Planck Society. It is located in Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany near the top of the Koenigstuhl, adjacent to the historic Landessternwarte Heidelberg-Königstuhl astronomical observatory.The institute was founded in... - International Max Planck Research School for Astrophysics, Garching at the MPI for AstrophysicsMax Planck Institute for AstrophysicsThe Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics is a Max Planck Institute, located in Garching, near Munich, Bavaria, Germany. It was founded as Max Planck Institute for Physics and Astrophysics in 1958 and split up into the Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics and the Max Planck Institute for Physics...
- International Max Planck Research School for Complex Surfaces in Material Sciences http://www.imprs-cs.mpg.de, BerlinBerlinBerlin is the capital city of Germany and is one of the 16 states of Germany. With a population of 3.45 million people, Berlin is Germany's largest city. It is the second most populous city proper and the seventh most populous urban area in the European Union...
- International Max Planck Research School for Computer Science http://www.imprs-cs.de, SaarbrückenSaarbrückenSaarbrücken is the capital of the state of Saarland in Germany. The city is situated at the heart of a metropolitan area that borders on the west on Dillingen and to the north-east on Neunkirchen, where most of the people of the Saarland live....
- International Max Planck Research School for Earth System Modeling http://www.earthsystemschool.de/, HamburgHamburg-History:The first historic name for the city was, according to Claudius Ptolemy's reports, Treva.But the city takes its modern name, Hamburg, from the first permanent building on the site, a castle whose construction was ordered by the Emperor Charlemagne in AD 808...
- International Max Planck Research School for Elemantary Particle Physics http://www.mppmu.mpg.de/imprs/, Munich, at the MPI for PhysicsMax Planck Institute for PhysicsMax Planck Institute for Physics is a physics institute in Munich, Germany that specializes in High Energy Physics and Astroparticle physics. It is part of the Max-Planck-Gesellschaft and is also known as the Werner Heisenberg Institute, after its first director.It was founded as the Kaiser Wilhelm...
- International Max Planck Research School for Environmental, Cellular and Molecular Microbiology, MarburgMarburgMarburg is a city in the state of Hesse, Germany, on the River Lahn. It is the main town of the Marburg-Biedenkopf district and its population, as of March 2010, was 79,911.- Founding and early history :...
at the Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial MicrobiologyMax Planck Institute for Terrestrial MicrobiologyThe Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology is a research institute for microbiology in Marburg, Germany. It was founded in 1991 and is one of 80 institutes in the Max Planck Society .... - International Max Planck Research School for Evolutionary Biology http://imprs.evolbio.mpg.de/, PlönPlönPlön is the district seat of the Plön district in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany, and has about 13,000 inhabitants. It lies right on the shores of Schleswig-Holstein's biggest lake, the Great Plön Lake, as well as on several smaller lakes, touching the town on virtually all sides...
at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology - International Max Planck Research School for Global Biogeochemical Cycles http://www.bgc-jena.mpg.de/, JenaJenaJena is a university city in central Germany on the river Saale. It has a population of approx. 103,000 and is the second largest city in the federal state of Thuringia, after Erfurt.-History:Jena was first mentioned in an 1182 document...
- International Max Planck Research School on Gravitational Wave Astronomy http://imprs-gw.aei.mpg.de/, Hannover and Potsdam MPI for Gravitational PhysicsMax Planck Institute for Gravitational PhysicsThe Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics is a Max Planck Institute whose research is aimed at investigating Einstein’s theory of relativity and beyond: Mathematics, quantum gravity, astrophysical relativity, and gravitational wave astronomy...
- International Max Planck Research School for Language Sciences http://www.mpi.nl/education/imprs-for-language-sciences, Nijmegen
- International Max Planck Research School for Neurosciences http://www.gpneuro.uni-goettingen.de, GöttingenGöttingenGöttingen is a university town in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is the capital of the district of Göttingen. The Leine river runs through the town. In 2006 the population was 129,686.-General information:...
- International Max Planck Research School for Marine Microbiology (MarMic) http://www.marmic.mpg.de/marmic/, joint program of the Max Planck Institute for Marine MicrobiologyMax Planck Institute for Marine MicrobiologyThe Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology is located in Bremen, Germany. It was founded in 1992, almost a year after the foundation of its sister institute, the Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology at Marburg. In 1996, the institute moved into new buildings at the campus of the...
in BremenBremenThe City Municipality of Bremen is a Hanseatic city in northwestern Germany. A commercial and industrial city with a major port on the river Weser, Bremen is part of the Bremen-Oldenburg metropolitan area . Bremen is the second most populous city in North Germany and tenth in Germany.Bremen is...
, the University of BremenUniversity of BremenThe University of Bremen is a university of approximately 23,500 people from 126 countries that are studying, teaching, researching, and working in Bremen, Germany...
, the Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine ResearchAlfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine ResearchThe Alfred Wegener Institute of Polar and Marine Research is a scientific organization located in Bremerhaven, Germany. The institute was founded in 1980 and is named after revolutionary meteorologist climatologist, and geologist Alfred Wegener...
in BremerhavenBremerhavenBremerhaven is a city at the seaport of the free city-state of Bremen, a state of the Federal Republic of Germany. It forms an enclave in the state of Lower Saxony and is located at the mouth of the River Weser on its eastern bank, opposite the town of Nordenham...
, and the Jacobs University Bremen - International Max Planck Research School for Molecular and Cellular BiologyInternational Max Planck Research School for Molecular and Cellular BiologyThe International Max Planck Research School for Molecular and Cellular Biology is an international PhD program in molecular biology and cellular biology founded in 2006 by the Max Planck Institute for Immunobiology and the University of Freiburg.The Max Planck Society started in 2000 an...
, FreiburgFreiburgFreiburg im Breisgau is a city in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. In the extreme south-west of the country, it straddles the Dreisam river, at the foot of the Schlossberg. Historically, the city has acted as the hub of the Breisgau region on the western edge of the Black Forest in the Upper Rhine Plain... - International Max Planck Research School for Molecular and Cellular Life SciencesInternational Max Planck Research School for molecular and cellular Life Sciences-International Max Planck Research Schools:To date more than 60 have been established in Germany, each representing a joint cooperative of Max Planck Institutes and one or several German universities...
http://www.imprs-ls.de, MunichMunichMunich The city's motto is "" . Before 2006, it was "Weltstadt mit Herz" . Its native name, , is derived from the Old High German Munichen, meaning "by the monks' place". The city's name derives from the monks of the Benedictine order who founded the city; hence the monk depicted on the city's coat... - International Max Planck Research School for Molecular BiologyInternational Max Planck Research School for Molecular BiologyInternational Max Planck Research School for Molecular Biology, also known as IMPRS for Molecular Biology, is a 1.5 years MSc program or a 4 year PhD program. The first year in both programs is the same and the students for both programs, or more exactly tracks, are studying in their first year...
http://www.gpmolbio.uni-goettingen.de/, GöttingenGöttingenGöttingen is a university town in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is the capital of the district of Göttingen. The Leine river runs through the town. In 2006 the population was 129,686.-General information:... - International Max Planck Research School for Molecular Cell Biology and Bioengineering http://www.imprs-mcbb.de/, DresdenDresdenDresden is the capital city of the Free State of Saxony in Germany. It is situated in a valley on the River Elbe, near the Czech border. The Dresden conurbation is part of the Saxon Triangle metropolitan area....
- International Max Planck Research School Molecular Biomedicine http://www.imprs-mbm-cedad.mpg.de/, program combined with the 'Graduate Programm Cell Dynamics And Disease' at the University of MünsterMünsterMünster is an independent city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is located in the northern part of the state and is considered to be the cultural centre of the Westphalia region. It is also capital of the local government region Münsterland...
and the Max Planck Institute for Molecular BiomedicineMax Planck Institute for Molecular BiomedicineThe Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine was founded on 1 April 2001 in Münster, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is part of the Max Planck Society. The managing director is Prof. Dr. Ralf H. Adams.- History :... - International Max Planck Research School on Physical Processes in the Solar System and Beyond, Katlenburg-LindauKatlenburg-LindauKatlenburg-Lindau is a municipality in the Landkreis of Northeim, in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is situated approx. 10 km southeast of Northeim, and 20 km northeast of Göttingen...
at the MPI for Solar System ResearchMax Planck Institute for Solar System ResearchThe Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research is a research institute in Astronomy/Astrophysics, located in Lindau , Germany; 20 km north east of Göttingen. The exploration of our solar system is the central theme for the scientific research done at this Institute... - International Max Planck Research School for Radio and Infrared Astronomy, Bonn at MPI for Radio AstronomyMax Planck Institute for Radio AstronomyThe Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy is located in Bonn, Germany. It is one of 80 institutes in the Max Planck Society .-History:...
- International Max Planck Research School for the Social and Political Constitution of the Economy http://www.mpifg.de/fo/doc_program_en.html, CologneCologneCologne is Germany's fourth-largest city , and is the largest city both in the Germany Federal State of North Rhine-Westphalia and within the Rhine-Ruhr Metropolitan Area, one of the major European metropolitan areas with more than ten million inhabitants.Cologne is located on both sides of the...
- International Max Planck Research School for Surface and Interface Engineering in Advanced Materials, Düsseldorf at Max Planck Institute for Iron Research GmbHMax Planck Institute for Iron Research GmbHThe Max Planck Institute for Iron Research GmbH is a research institute of the Max Planck Society located in Düsseldorf. The institute was founded as Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Iron Research in Aachen 1917 and moved 1921 to Düsseldorf.-External links:* *...
- International Max Planck Research School for Ultrafast Imaging and Structural DynamicsInternational Max Planck Research School for Ultrafast Imaging and Structural DynamicsThe International Max Planck Research School for Ultrafast Imaging and Structural Dynamics is a joint venture of the Max Planck Research Department for Structural Dynamics at the University of Hamburg , the Max Planck Advanced Study Group ] at the Center for Free Electron Laser Science , the...
http://www.imprs.ufast.de, HamburgHamburg-History:The first historic name for the city was, according to Claudius Ptolemy's reports, Treva.But the city takes its modern name, Hamburg, from the first permanent building on the site, a castle whose construction was ordered by the Emperor Charlemagne in AD 808...
Former institutes
Among others:- Max Planck Institute for Aeronomics in Katlenburg-LindauKatlenburg-LindauKatlenburg-Lindau is a municipality in the Landkreis of Northeim, in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is situated approx. 10 km southeast of Northeim, and 20 km northeast of Göttingen...
was renamed to Max Planck Institute for Solar System ResearchMax Planck Institute for Solar System ResearchThe Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research is a research institute in Astronomy/Astrophysics, located in Lindau , Germany; 20 km north east of Göttingen. The exploration of our solar system is the central theme for the scientific research done at this Institute...
in 2004 - Max Planck Institute for BiologyMax Planck Institute for BiologyThe Max Planck Institute for Biology was located in Tübingen, Germany. It was created as the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Biology in Berlin in 1912, and moved to Tübingen 1943. It was one of 80 institutes in the Max Planck Society and was closed in 2005....
in TübingenTübingenTübingen is a traditional university town in central Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is situated south of the state capital, Stuttgart, on a ridge between the Neckar and Ammer rivers.-Geography:...
was closed in 2005 - Max Planck Institute for Cell BiologyMax Planck Institute for Cell BiologyThe Max Planck Institute for Cell Biology was located in Ladenburg, Germany. It was founded 1947 as Max Planck Institute for Oceanic biology in Wilhelmshaven, after renaming in 1968, it was moved to Ladenburg 1977. It was closed 1 July 2003. It was one of 80 institutes in the Max Planck Society...
in Ladenburg b. HeidelbergLadenburgLadenburg is a town in the district of Rhein-Neckar-Kreis, in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is situated on the right bank of the Neckar, 10 km east of Mannheim, and 10 km northwest of Heidelberg.It has an old town from the Late Middle Ages...
was closed 2003 - Max Planck Institute for Ionospheric Research in Katlenburg-LindauKatlenburg-LindauKatlenburg-Lindau is a municipality in the Landkreis of Northeim, in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is situated approx. 10 km southeast of Northeim, and 20 km northeast of Göttingen...
was renamed to Max Planck Institute for Aeronomics in 1958 - Max Planck Institute of Oceanic Biology in WilhelmshavenWilhelmshavenWilhelmshaven is a coastal town in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is situated on the western side of the Jade Bight, a bay of the North Sea.-History:...
renamed to Max Planck Institute of Cell Biology in 1968 and moved to LadenburgLadenburgLadenburg is a town in the district of Rhein-Neckar-Kreis, in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is situated on the right bank of the Neckar, 10 km east of Mannheim, and 10 km northwest of Heidelberg.It has an old town from the Late Middle Ages...
1977 - Max Planck Institute for Psychological ResearchMax Planck Institute for Psychological ResearchThe Max Planck Institute for Psychological Research was a research institute of the Max Planck Society formerly located in Munich in Germany.Founded in 1981, the institute included during its history the following units:...
in München merged into the Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain SciencesMax Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain SciencesThe Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences is located Leipzig, Germany. The institute was founded in 2004 by a merger between the former Max Planck Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience in Leipzig and the Max Planck Institute for Psychological Research in Munich...
in 2004 - Max Planck Institute for Protein and Leather Research in RegensburgRegensburgRegensburg is a city in Bavaria, Germany, located at the confluence of the Danube and Regen rivers, at the northernmost bend in the Danube. To the east lies the Bavarian Forest. Regensburg is the capital of the Bavarian administrative region Upper Palatinate...
moved to MunichMunichMunich The city's motto is "" . Before 2006, it was "Weltstadt mit Herz" . Its native name, , is derived from the Old High German Munichen, meaning "by the monks' place". The city's name derives from the monks of the Benedictine order who founded the city; hence the monk depicted on the city's coat...
1957 and was united with the Max Planck Institute for Biochemistry in 1977 - Max Planck Institute for Virus Research in TübingenTübingenTübingen is a traditional university town in central Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is situated south of the state capital, Stuttgart, on a ridge between the Neckar and Ammer rivers.-Geography:...
since 1985 Max Planck Institute for Developmental BiologyMax Planck Institute for Developmental BiologyThe Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology is located in Tübingen, Germany. The main topics of scientific research conducted by the Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology focus on the molecular mechanisms underlying spatial information within the embryo, communication between cells... - "Max-Planck-Institut zur Erforschung der Lebensbedingungen der wissenschaftlich-technischen Welt" in StarnbergStarnbergThe city of Starnberg is in Bavaria, Germany, some 30 km south-west of Munich. It lies at the north end of Lake Starnberg, in the heart of the "Five Lakes Country", and serves as capital of the district of Starnberg...
(from 1970 until 1981 (closed)) directed by Carl Friedrich von WeizsäckerCarl Friedrich von WeizsäckerCarl Friedrich Freiherr von Weizsäcker was a German physicist and philosopher. He was the longest-living member of the research team which performed nuclear research in Germany during the Second World War, under Werner Heisenberg's leadership...
and Jürgen HabermasJürgen HabermasJürgen Habermas is a German sociologist and philosopher in the tradition of critical theory and pragmatism. He is perhaps best known for his theory on the concepts of 'communicative rationality' and the 'public sphere'...
Discrimination controversy
A controversial point regarding the Max Planck Society is the case of discrimination against foreign workers . Until the year 2004, it was explicitly stated in internal documents of the Max Planck Society that Foreign researchers should not be granted the same type of contract as german workers. German researchers were to have contracts with social benefits (i.e. unemployment benefits, health inssurance, retirement pensions, etc.), while foreigners were to have a grant (internally called stipendium) which does not include social benefits . While the net monthly salary of both types of contracts is comparable, the tax benefits amount to a significant portion of the salary.The case of discrimination was brought to the European Parliament by Giorgio Calo among others, and then to the Europan civil Court by Andrea Raccanelli in the year 2004. Further allegations were made, such as the possibly illegal termination of tax benefits to about 20 foreigners once the MPI for Colloids and Interfaces discovered that giving foreigners tax benefits was against Max Planck Society's regulations . The European Court failed in favour of Raccanelli, stating that giving German research workers a different type of contract than other citizens from the European Union is considered a violation of the Article 39 EC . As a result, the European Court addressed the Max Planck Society to change such regulations, which they did.
In the first months after the resolution opposing data were presented: Raccanelli addressed the European Union civil court again stating that, although formally regulations had changed, Max Planck Institutes continued to de facto proceed in the same way, for which he provided data. He requested that data were provided by the MPG to verify that their change in policy was being implemented. The civil court replied that the Max Planck Society had provided data stating that, while there still were inequalities between foreign and local workers, these had been diminished. Whether this change of policy has been consolidated and expanded over time has not been siystematically studied.
High charges of the Max Planck Society have justified the previous internal regulations. For instance, the Head of Dpt. of Personnel and Legal affairs (Ruediger Willems) alleged to historical reasons as the basis of this discrimination, he furthermore stated that foreign students having a Stipendium were asked to work much less. Although a Stipendium indeed has weaker contractual bounds, the students were treated as if having a regular contract. Also, the director of the Max Planck Society (Peter Gruss) as well as the director of the Max Planck Institute for Colloids and Interfaces (Reinhard Lipowsky) alleged that regulations of the Bund-Länder-Kommission forced them to discriminate foreign workers.
Max-Planck-Society (since 1948)
- Gerhard ErtlGerhard ErtlGerhard Ertl is a German physicist and a Professor emeritus at the Department of Physical Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft in Berlin, Germany...
, Nobel prizeNobel PrizeThe Nobel Prizes are annual international awards bestowed by Scandinavian committees in recognition of cultural and scientific advances. The will of the Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite, established the prizes in 1895...
chemistry 2007 - Theodor W. Hänsch, Nobel prizeNobel PrizeThe Nobel Prizes are annual international awards bestowed by Scandinavian committees in recognition of cultural and scientific advances. The will of the Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite, established the prizes in 1895...
physics 2005 - Christiane Nüsslein-VolhardChristiane Nüsslein-VolhardChristiane Nüsslein-Volhard is a German biologist who won the Albert Lasker Award for Basic Medical Research in 1991 and the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1995, together with Eric Wieschaus and Edward B...
, Nobel prizeNobel PrizeThe Nobel Prizes are annual international awards bestowed by Scandinavian committees in recognition of cultural and scientific advances. The will of the Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite, established the prizes in 1895...
medicine 1995 - Paul Crutzen, Nobel prizeNobel PrizeThe Nobel Prizes are annual international awards bestowed by Scandinavian committees in recognition of cultural and scientific advances. The will of the Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite, established the prizes in 1895...
chemistry 1995 - Erwin NeherErwin NeherErwin Neher is a German biophysicist.Erwin Neher studied physics at the Technical University of Munich from 1963 to 1966. In 1966, He was awarded a Fulbright Scholarship to study in the US...
, Nobel prizeNobel PrizeThe Nobel Prizes are annual international awards bestowed by Scandinavian committees in recognition of cultural and scientific advances. The will of the Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite, established the prizes in 1895...
medicine 1991 - Bert SakmannBert Sakmann-External links:*...
, Nobel prizeNobel PrizeThe Nobel Prizes are annual international awards bestowed by Scandinavian committees in recognition of cultural and scientific advances. The will of the Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite, established the prizes in 1895...
medicine 1991 - Robert HuberRobert HuberRobert Huber is a German biochemist and Nobel laureate.He was born 20 February 1937 in Munich where his father, Sebastian, was a bank cashier. He was educated at the Humanistisches Karls-Gymnasium from 1947 to 1956 and then studied chemistry at the Technische Hochschule, receiving his diploma in 1960...
, Nobel prizeNobel PrizeThe Nobel Prizes are annual international awards bestowed by Scandinavian committees in recognition of cultural and scientific advances. The will of the Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite, established the prizes in 1895...
chemistry 1988 - Hartmut MichelHartmut MichelHartmut Michel is a German biochemist and Nobel Laureate.He was born 18 July 1948 in Ludwigsburg. After compulsory military service, he studied biochemistry at the University of Tübingen, working for his final year at Dieter Oesterhelt’s laboratory on ATPase activity of halobacteria.In 1986, he...
, Nobel prizeNobel PrizeThe Nobel Prizes are annual international awards bestowed by Scandinavian committees in recognition of cultural and scientific advances. The will of the Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite, established the prizes in 1895...
chemistry 1988 - Johann DeisenhoferJohann DeisenhoferJohann Deisenhofer is a German biochemist who, along with Hartmut Michel and Robert Huber, received the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1988 for their determination of the structure of a membrane-bound complex of proteins and co-factors that is essential to photosynthesis.Deisenhofer earned his...
, Nobel prizeNobel PrizeThe Nobel Prizes are annual international awards bestowed by Scandinavian committees in recognition of cultural and scientific advances. The will of the Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite, established the prizes in 1895...
chemistry 1988 - Ernst RuskaErnst RuskaErnst August Friedrich Ruska was a German physicist who won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1986 for his work in electron optics, including the design of the first electron microscope.Ruska was born in Heidelberg...
, Nobel prizeNobel PrizeThe Nobel Prizes are annual international awards bestowed by Scandinavian committees in recognition of cultural and scientific advances. The will of the Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite, established the prizes in 1895...
physics 1986 - Klaus von KlitzingKlaus von KlitzingKlaus von Klitzing is a German physicist known for discovery of the integer quantum Hall Effect, for which he was awarded the 1985 Nobel Prize in Physics....
, Nobel prizeNobel PrizeThe Nobel Prizes are annual international awards bestowed by Scandinavian committees in recognition of cultural and scientific advances. The will of the Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite, established the prizes in 1895...
physics 1985 - Georges Köhler, Nobel prizeNobel PrizeThe Nobel Prizes are annual international awards bestowed by Scandinavian committees in recognition of cultural and scientific advances. The will of the Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite, established the prizes in 1895...
medicine 1984 - Konrad LorenzKonrad LorenzKonrad Zacharias Lorenz was an Austrian zoologist, ethologist, and ornithologist. He shared the 1973 Nobel Prize with Nikolaas Tinbergen and Karl von Frisch...
, Nobel prizeNobel PrizeThe Nobel Prizes are annual international awards bestowed by Scandinavian committees in recognition of cultural and scientific advances. The will of the Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite, established the prizes in 1895...
medicine 1973 - Manfred EigenManfred EigenManfred Eigen is a German biophysical chemist who won the 1967 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for work on measuring fast chemical reactions.-Career:...
, Nobel prizeNobel PrizeThe Nobel Prizes are annual international awards bestowed by Scandinavian committees in recognition of cultural and scientific advances. The will of the Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite, established the prizes in 1895...
chemistry 1967 - Feodor Lynen, Nobel prizeNobel PrizeThe Nobel Prizes are annual international awards bestowed by Scandinavian committees in recognition of cultural and scientific advances. The will of the Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite, established the prizes in 1895...
medicine 1964 - Karl ZieglerKarl ZieglerKarl Waldemar Ziegler was a German chemist who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1963, with Giulio Natta, for work on polymers. The Nobel Committee recognized his "excellent work on organometallic compounds [which]...led to new polymerization reactions and ... paved the way for new and highly...
, Nobel prizeNobel PrizeThe Nobel Prizes are annual international awards bestowed by Scandinavian committees in recognition of cultural and scientific advances. The will of the Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite, established the prizes in 1895...
chemistry 1963 - Walter Bothe, Nobel prizeNobel PrizeThe Nobel Prizes are annual international awards bestowed by Scandinavian committees in recognition of cultural and scientific advances. The will of the Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite, established the prizes in 1895...
physics 1954
Kaiser-Wilhelm-Society (1914-1948)
- Otto HahnOtto HahnOtto Hahn FRS was a German chemist and Nobel laureate, a pioneer in the fields of radioactivity and radiochemistry. He is regarded as "the father of nuclear chemistry". Hahn was a courageous opposer of Jewish persecution by the Nazis and after World War II he became a passionate campaigner...
, Nobel prizeNobel PrizeThe Nobel Prizes are annual international awards bestowed by Scandinavian committees in recognition of cultural and scientific advances. The will of the Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite, established the prizes in 1895...
chemistry 1944 - Adolf ButenandtAdolf ButenandtAdolf Friedrich Johann Butenandt was a German biochemist and member of the Nazi party. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1939 for his "work on sex hormones." He initially rejected the award in accordance with government policy, but accepted it in 1949 after World War...
, Nobel prizeNobel PrizeThe Nobel Prizes are annual international awards bestowed by Scandinavian committees in recognition of cultural and scientific advances. The will of the Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite, established the prizes in 1895...
chemistry 1939 - Richard KuhnRichard KuhnRichard Kuhn was an Austrian-German biochemist, Nobel laureate, and Nazi collaborator.-Early life:Kuhn was born in Vienna, Austria where he attended grammar school and high school. His interest in chemistry surfaced early; however he had many interests and decided late to study chemistry...
, Nobel prizeNobel PrizeThe Nobel Prizes are annual international awards bestowed by Scandinavian committees in recognition of cultural and scientific advances. The will of the Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite, established the prizes in 1895...
chemistry 1938 - Peter J. W. Debye, Nobel prizeNobel PrizeThe Nobel Prizes are annual international awards bestowed by Scandinavian committees in recognition of cultural and scientific advances. The will of the Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite, established the prizes in 1895...
chemistry 1936 - Hans SpemannHans SpemannHans Spemann was a German embryologist who was awarded a Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1935 for his discovery of the effect now known as embryonic induction, an influence, exercised by various parts of the embryo, that directs the development of groups of cells into particular tissues...
, Nobel prizeNobel PrizeThe Nobel Prizes are annual international awards bestowed by Scandinavian committees in recognition of cultural and scientific advances. The will of the Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite, established the prizes in 1895...
medicine 1935 - Werner HeisenbergWerner HeisenbergWerner Karl Heisenberg was a German theoretical physicist who made foundational contributions to quantum mechanics and is best known for asserting the uncertainty principle of quantum theory...
, Nobel prizeNobel PrizeThe Nobel Prizes are annual international awards bestowed by Scandinavian committees in recognition of cultural and scientific advances. The will of the Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite, established the prizes in 1895...
physics 1932 - Otto Heinrich WarburgOtto Heinrich WarburgOtto Heinrich Warburg , son of physicist Emil Warburg, was a German physiologist, medical doctor and Nobel laureate. He served as an officer in the elite Uhlan during the First World War and won the Iron Cross for bravery. Warburg was one of the twentieth century's leading biochemists...
, Nobel prizeNobel PrizeThe Nobel Prizes are annual international awards bestowed by Scandinavian committees in recognition of cultural and scientific advances. The will of the Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite, established the prizes in 1895...
medicine 1931 - Carl BoschCarl BoschCarl Bosch was a German chemist and engineer and Nobel laureate in chemistry. He was a pioneer in the field of high-pressure industrial chemistry and founder of IG Farben, at one point the world's largest chemical company....
, Nobel prizeNobel PrizeThe Nobel Prizes are annual international awards bestowed by Scandinavian committees in recognition of cultural and scientific advances. The will of the Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite, established the prizes in 1895...
chemistry 1931 - James FranckJames FranckJames Franck was a German Jewish physicist and Nobel laureate.-Biography:Franck was born to Jacob Franck and Rebecca Nachum Drucker. Franck completed his Ph.D...
, Nobel prizeNobel PrizeThe Nobel Prizes are annual international awards bestowed by Scandinavian committees in recognition of cultural and scientific advances. The will of the Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite, established the prizes in 1895...
physics 1925 - Otto Meyerhof, Nobel prizeNobel PrizeThe Nobel Prizes are annual international awards bestowed by Scandinavian committees in recognition of cultural and scientific advances. The will of the Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite, established the prizes in 1895...
medicine 1922 - Albert EinsteinAlbert EinsteinAlbert Einstein was a German-born theoretical physicist who developed the theory of general relativity, effecting a revolution in physics. For this achievement, Einstein is often regarded as the father of modern physics and one of the most prolific intellects in human history...
, Nobel prizeNobel PrizeThe Nobel Prizes are annual international awards bestowed by Scandinavian committees in recognition of cultural and scientific advances. The will of the Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite, established the prizes in 1895...
physics 1921 - Max PlanckMax PlanckMax Karl Ernst Ludwig Planck, ForMemRS, was a German physicist who actualized the quantum physics, initiating a revolution in natural science and philosophy. He is regarded as the founder of the quantum theory, for which he received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1918.-Life and career:Planck came...
, Nobel prizeNobel PrizeThe Nobel Prizes are annual international awards bestowed by Scandinavian committees in recognition of cultural and scientific advances. The will of the Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite, established the prizes in 1895...
physics 1918 - Fritz HaberFritz HaberFritz Haber was a German chemist, who received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1918 for his development for synthesizing ammonia, important for fertilizers and explosives. Haber, along with Max Born, proposed the Born–Haber cycle as a method for evaluating the lattice energy of an ionic solid...
, Nobel prizeNobel PrizeThe Nobel Prizes are annual international awards bestowed by Scandinavian committees in recognition of cultural and scientific advances. The will of the Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite, established the prizes in 1895...
chemistry 1918 - Richard WillstätterRichard WillstätterRichard Martin Willstätter was a German organic chemist whose study of the structure of plant pigments, chlorophyll included, won him the 1915 Nobel Prize for Chemistry. Willstätter invented paper chromatography independently of Mikhail Tsvet.-Biography:Willstätter was born in to a Jewish family...
, Nobel prizeNobel PrizeThe Nobel Prizes are annual international awards bestowed by Scandinavian committees in recognition of cultural and scientific advances. The will of the Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite, established the prizes in 1895...
chemistry 1915 - Max von LaueMax von LaueMax Theodor Felix von Laue was a German physicist who won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1914 for his discovery of the diffraction of X-rays by crystals...
, Nobel prizeNobel PrizeThe Nobel Prizes are annual international awards bestowed by Scandinavian committees in recognition of cultural and scientific advances. The will of the Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite, established the prizes in 1895...
physics 1914
See also
- Harnack medalHarnack medalThe highest award which is presented by the Max Planck Society for services to society is the Harnack Medal, first awarded in 1925. Past recipients of the Harnack Medal are*Hermann Neuhaus 2008*Lu Yongxiang 2006*Hubert Markl 2004*Haim Harari 2001...
- Max PlanckMax PlanckMax Karl Ernst Ludwig Planck, ForMemRS, was a German physicist who actualized the quantum physics, initiating a revolution in natural science and philosophy. He is regarded as the founder of the quantum theory, for which he received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1918.-Life and career:Planck came...
- Kaiser Wilhelm InstituteKaiser Wilhelm InstituteThe Kaiser Wilhelm Society for the Advancement of Science was a German scientific institution established in 1911. It was implicated in Nazi science, and after the Second World War was wound up and its functions replaced by the Max Planck Society...
- Research Materials: Max Planck Society ArchiveResearch Materials: Max Planck Society ArchiveAt the end of World War II, the Kaiser Wilhelm Society was renamed the Max Planck Society, and the institutes associated with the Kaiser Wilhelm Society were renamed "Max Planck" institutes. The records that were archived under the former Kaiser Wilhelm Society and its institutes were placed in the...
- Schloss RingbergSchloss RingbergSchloss Ringberg is located in the Bavarian Alps, 50 km south of Munich, on a foothill overlooking the Tegernsee. Not open to the general public, it is a property of the Max Planck Society and used for conferences.- History :...
- InterdisciplinarityInterdisciplinarityInterdisciplinarity involves the combining of two or more academic fields into one single discipline. An interdisciplinary field crosses traditional boundaries between academic disciplines or schools of thought, as new needs and professions have emerged....
- TransdisciplinarityTransdisciplinarityTransdisciplinarity connotes a research strategy that crosses many disciplinary boundaries to create a holistic approach. It applies to research efforts focused on problems that cross the boundaries of two or more disciplines, such as research on effective information systems for biomedical...
Literature
- Alison Abbott: German science starts facing up to its historical amnesia, in: Nature Vol 403 (2000), S.474f. (article about the Commission for the history of the Kaiser-Wilhelm-Gesellschaft under National Socialism)
- Gretchen Vogel: Aufbau Ost: Max Planck's East German Experiment, in: Science Vol. 326, 6. November 2009 (about the new institutes in the eastern part of Germany)