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Mauro Giuseppe Sergio Pantaleo Giuliani (July 27, 1781 – May 8, 1829) was an Italian
Italy

Italy , officially the Italian Republic , is a country located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe and on the two largest islands in the Mediterranean Sea, Sicily and Sardinia....
 guitarist
Classical guitar

The classical guitar, also known as the "Spanish guitar", and in more recent times as the "nylon string guitar" ? is a plucked string instrument from the family of instruments called chordophones....
 and composer
Composer

A composer is a person who creates music, usually in the medium of musical notation, for interpretation and performance. The level of distinction between composers and other musicians varies, which affects issues such as copyright and the deference given to individual interpretations of a particular piece of music....
, and is considered by many to be one of the leading guitar
Classical guitar

The classical guitar, also known as the "Spanish guitar", and in more recent times as the "nylon string guitar" ? is a plucked string instrument from the family of instruments called chordophones....
 virtuosi of the 19th century.

Biography
Although born in Bisceglie
Bisceglie

Bisceglie is a town on the Adriatic Sea, with a population of c. 53,700, in Apulia region, in the province of Bari.According to a theory, in Roman Empire times there would be here a settlement called Vigiliae ....
, Giuliani's center of study was in Barletta
Barletta

Barletta is a city in the north of Apulia in southern Italy with c. 93,000 inhabitants. It is currently in the province of Bari, but, starting from 2009, will become the government seat of the new Province of Barletta-Andria-Trani....
 where he moved with his brother Nicola in the first years of his life. His first instrumental training was on the cello
Cello

The violoncello is a bowed string instrument. A person who plays a cello is called a cellist. The cello is used as a solo instrument, in chamber music, and as a member of the string section of an orchestra....
—an instrument which he never completely abandoned—and he probably also studied the violin
Violin

The violin is a Bow string instrument with four strings usually tuned in perfect fifths. It is the smallest and highest-pitched member of the violin family of string instruments, which also includes the viola and cello....
.






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Mauro Giuseppe Sergio Pantaleo Giuliani (July 27, 1781 – May 8, 1829) was an Italian
Italy

Italy , officially the Italian Republic , is a country located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe and on the two largest islands in the Mediterranean Sea, Sicily and Sardinia....
 guitarist
Classical guitar

The classical guitar, also known as the "Spanish guitar", and in more recent times as the "nylon string guitar" ? is a plucked string instrument from the family of instruments called chordophones....
 and composer
Composer

A composer is a person who creates music, usually in the medium of musical notation, for interpretation and performance. The level of distinction between composers and other musicians varies, which affects issues such as copyright and the deference given to individual interpretations of a particular piece of music....
, and is considered by many to be one of the leading guitar
Classical guitar

The classical guitar, also known as the "Spanish guitar", and in more recent times as the "nylon string guitar" ? is a plucked string instrument from the family of instruments called chordophones....
 virtuosi of the 19th century.

Biography


Although born in Bisceglie
Bisceglie

Bisceglie is a town on the Adriatic Sea, with a population of c. 53,700, in Apulia region, in the province of Bari.According to a theory, in Roman Empire times there would be here a settlement called Vigiliae ....
, Giuliani's center of study was in Barletta
Barletta

Barletta is a city in the north of Apulia in southern Italy with c. 93,000 inhabitants. It is currently in the province of Bari, but, starting from 2009, will become the government seat of the new Province of Barletta-Andria-Trani....
 where he moved with his brother Nicola in the first years of his life. His first instrumental training was on the cello
Cello

The violoncello is a bowed string instrument. A person who plays a cello is called a cellist. The cello is used as a solo instrument, in chamber music, and as a member of the string section of an orchestra....
—an instrument which he never completely abandoned—and he probably also studied the violin
Violin

The violin is a Bow string instrument with four strings usually tuned in perfect fifths. It is the smallest and highest-pitched member of the violin family of string instruments, which also includes the viola and cello....
. Subsequently he devoted himself to the guitar, becoming a very skilled performer on it in a short time. The names of his teachers are unknown, and we cannot be sure of his exact movements in Italy.

He married Maria Giuseppe del Monaco, and they had a child, Michael, born in Barletta in 1801. After that he was probably in Bologna
Bologna

Bologna is the capital city of Emilia-Romagna in northern Italy, in the Po Valley , between the Po River and the Apennine Mountains, exactly between the Reno River and the S?vena River....
 and Trieste
Trieste

Trieste is a city and port in northeastern Italy very near to the Slovenian border, to the North, East, and South. Trieste is located at the head of the Gulf of Trieste on the Adriatic Sea....
 for a brief stay; by the summer of 1806, fresh from his studies of counterpoint, cello and guitar in Italy, he had moved to Vienna
Vienna

Vienna is the Capital of Republic of Austria and also one of the nine states of Austria. Vienna is Austria's primary city, with a population of about 1.7 million...
 without his family. Here he began a relationship with a certain Fräulein Willmuth, with whom he had a daughter, Maria, in 1807.

In Vienna he became acquainted with the classical instrumental style. In 1807 Giuliani began to publish compositions in the classical style. His concert tours took him all over Europe. Everywhere he went he was acclaimed for his virtuosity and musical taste. He achieved great success and became a musical celebrity, equal to the best of the many instrumentalists and composers who were active in the Austrian capital city at the beginning of the 19th century.

Giuliani defined a new role for the guitar in the context of European music. He was acquainted with the highest figures of Austrian society and with notable composers such as Rossini
Gioacchino Rossini

Gioachino Antonio Rossini was a popular Italian composer who created 39 operas as well as sacred music and chamber music. His best known works include Il barbiere di Siviglia , La Cenerentola and Guillaume Tell ....
 and Beethoven
Ludwig van Beethoven

Ludwig van Beethoven was a German composer and pianist. He was a crucial figure in the transitional period between the Classical music era and Romantic music eras in classical music, and remains one of the most acclaimed and influential composers of all time....
, and cooperated with the best active concert musicians in Vienna. In 1815 he appeared with the pianist Johann Nepomuk Hummel
Johann Nepomuk Hummel

Johann Nepomuk Hummel or Jan Nepomuk Hummel was a composer and virtuoso pianist of Austrian origin who was born in Pressburg , but a part of Kingdom of Hungary when he was born....
 (followed later by Ignaz Moscheles
Ignaz Moscheles

Ignaz Moscheles was a Bohemian composer and piano virtuoso, whose career after his early years was based initially in London, and later at Leipzig, where he succeeded his friend and sometime pupil Felix Mendelssohn as head of the Conservatoire....
), the violinist Joseph Mayseder and the cellist Joseph Merk, in a series of chamber concerts in the botanical gardens of Schönbrunn Palace
Schönbrunn Palace

Sch?nbrunn Palace in Vienna is one of the most important cultural monuments in Austria and since the 1960s has also been one of the major tourist attractions in Vienna....
, concerts that were called the "Dukaten Concerte", after the price of the ticket, which was a ducat
Ducat

The ducat is a gold coin that was used as a trade currency throughout Europe before World War I. Its weight is 3.4909 grams of .986 gold, which is 0.1107 troy ounce, actual gold weight, actual gold weight....
. This exposure gave Giuliani prominence in the musical environment of the city. Also in 1815, he was the official concert artist for the celebrations of the Congress in Vienna. Two years earlier, on the 8th of December, 1813, he had played (probably cello) in an orchestra for the first performance of Beethoven
Ludwig van Beethoven

Ludwig van Beethoven was a German composer and pianist. He was a crucial figure in the transitional period between the Classical music era and Romantic music eras in classical music, and remains one of the most acclaimed and influential composers of all time....
's Seventh Symphony
Symphony No. 7 (Beethoven)

Ludwig van Beethoven began concentrated work on his Symphony No. 7 in A major in 1811, while he was staying in the Bohemian spa town of Teplice in the hope of improving his health....
.

In Vienna, Giuliani had minor success as a composer. He worked mostly with the publisher Artaria
Artaria

Artaria and company was one of the most important publisher of sheet music firms of the late eighteenth and nineteenth century. Founded in the eighteenth century in Vienna, the company is associated with many leading names of the Classical music era....
, who published the large part of his works for guitar, but he had dealings with all the other local publishers, who spread his compositions all over Europe. He developed here a teaching reputation as well; among his numerous students were Bobrowicz and Horetzky.

In 1819 Giuliani left Vienna, mainly for financial reasons: his property and bank accounts were confiscated to pay his debtors. He returned to Italy, spending time in Trieste and Venice
Venice

Venice is a city in northern Italy, the capital city of the Italian regions Veneto, a population of 271,251 . Together with Padua, Italy, the city is included in the Padua-Venice Metropolitan Area ....
, and finally settling in Rome
Rome

Rome is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city, with 2,724,347 residents in an urban area of some ....
. He brought with him his daughter Emilia, who was born in 1813. She was educated at the nunnery L'adorazione del Gesù from 1821 to 1826, together with Giuliani's illegitimate daughter Maria. In Rome he did not have much success; he published a few compositions and gave only one concert.

In July 1823 he began a series of frequent trips to Naples
Naples

Naples is a city in southern Italy, the capital of the region of Campania and of the province of Naples. The city is known for its rich history, art, culture and gastronomy, playing an important role throughout much of its existence; it is over 2,800 years old....
 to be with his father, who was seriously ill. In the Bourbon city of Naples Giuliani would find a better reception to his guitar artistry, and there he was able to publish other works for guitar with local publishers.

In 1826 he performed in Portici before Francesco I and the Bourbon court. In this time, which we could call Giuliani's Neapolitan period, he appeared frequently in duo concert with his daughter Emilia, who had become a skilled performer on the guitar. Toward the end of 1827 the health of the musician began to fail; he died in Naples on 8 May, 1829. The news of his death did not create much of a stir in the Neapolitan musical environment.

Works


As a guitar composer he was very fond of the theme and variations— an extremely popular form in Vienna. He had a remarkable ability to weave a melody into a passage with musical effect while remaining true to the idiom of the instrument. One example of this ability is to be found in his Variations on a theme of Handel
George Frideric Handel

George Frideric Handel was an England Baroque music composer of Germany birth who is famous for his operas, oratorios, and concerto grosso. His life and music may justly be described as "cosmopolitan": he was born in Germany, trained in Italy, and spent most of his life in England....
, Op. 107. This popular theme, known as "The Harmonious Blacksmith", appears in the Aria from Handel's Suite no. 5 in E for harpsichord
Harpsichord

A harpsichord is a musical instrument played by means of a musical keyboard. It produces sound by plucking a string when each Key is pressed....
.

Giuliani's achievements as a composer were numerous. Giuliani's 150 compositions for guitar with opus number constitute the nucleus of the nineteenth-century guitar repertory. He composed extremely challenging pieces for solo guitar as well as works for orchestra and Guitar-Violin and Guitar-Flute duos.

Outstanding pieces by Giuliani include his three guitar concertos (op. 30-36 and 70); a series of six fantasias
Fantasia (music)

The fantasia is a musical composition with its roots in the art of improvisation. Because of this, it seldom approximates the textbook rules of any strict musical form ....
 for guitar solo, op. 119-124, based on airs from Rossini
Gioacchino Rossini

Gioachino Antonio Rossini was a popular Italian composer who created 39 operas as well as sacred music and chamber music. His best known works include Il barbiere di Siviglia , La Cenerentola and Guillaume Tell ....
 operas and entitled the "Rossiniane"; several sonatas for violin and guitar and flute and guitar; a quintet
Quintet

A quintet is a group containing five members.It is commonly associated with musical groups, such as a string quintet, or a group of five singers, but can be applied to any situation where five similar or related objects are considered a single unit....
, op. 65, for strings and guitar; some collections for voice and guitar, and a Grand Overture
Overture

Overture in music is the instrumental introduction to a dramatic, choir or, occasionally, Musical composition. During the early Romantic era, composers such as Ludwig van Beethoven and Felix Mendelssohn began to use the term to refer to instrumental, programmatic works that presaged genres such as the symphonic poem....
 written in the Italian style. He also transcribed many symphonic works, both for solo guitar and guitar duo. One such transcription arranges the overture to The Barber of Seville
The Barber of Seville

The Barber of Seville, or The Useless Precaution is an opera buffa in two acts by Gioachino Rossini with a libretto by Cesare Sterbini. The overture, first written for Aureliano in Palmira, is a famous example of Rossini's characteristic Italian style....
 by Rossini, for two guitars. There are further numerous didactic works, among which is a method for guitar that is used frequently by teachers to this day.

Today, Giuliani's concertos and solo pieces are performed by professionals and still demonstrate the ability of the guitarist to play the piece, as well as Giuliani's natural ability as a composer for the classical guitar.

Selected list of compositions


  • Rondo en La Mayor, op. 14 no. 4 (guitar)
  • Sonata, op. 15 (guitar) c. 1812
  • Duo Concertante, op. 25 (violin & guitar)
  • Concerto, op. 30 (guitar & orchestra), c. 1812
  • Grandi Variazioni Concertanti, op. 35 (two guitars) c. 1833
  • Gran Concerto, op. 36 (guitar & orchestra), c. 1812
  • Gran Concerto, op. 36 (guitar & pianoforte), c. 1824
  • Sei variazioni sull'aria "A Schisserl und a Reindl", op. 38 (guitar), 1812
  • Sei Cavatine, op. 39 Canto e Chitarra
  • Gran Duetto Concertante, op. 52 (flute or violin & guitar), c. 1812
  • Grande Ouverture, op. 61 (guitar) 1809
  • Gran Quintetto, op. 65 (two violins, viola, cello & guitar), c. 1812
  • Gran Concerto, op. 70 (guitar & orchestra), c. 1822
  • Gran Concerto, op. 70 (guitar & pianoforte), c. 1824
  • Gran Serenata, op. 82 (flute & guitar)
  • Gran Duetto Concertante, op. 85 (flute or violin & guitar), c. 1817
  • Variazioni Brillanti, op. 87 (guitar) c. 1815
  • Grandi Variazioni, op. 88 (guitar)
  • Sei Lieder, op. 89 (soprano & guitar)
  • Tre Sonate Brillanti, op. 96 (guitar)
  • Rossiniana, op. 119 (guitar) c. 1820
  • Rossiniana, op. 120 (guitar) c. 1821
  • Rossiniana, op. 121 (guitar) c. 1821
  • Rossiniana, op. 122 (guitar) c. 1824
  • Rossiniana, op. 123 (guitar) c. 1824
  • Rossiniana, op. 124 (guitar) c. 1828
  • Polonesi concertanti, op. 137 (two guitars)
  • Gran Sonata Eroica, op. 150 (guitar) c. 1843


Books by Mauro Giuliani


  • Mauro Giuliani: Studio per la chitarra. Type: Italian : Book Book. Publisher: Bonn [etc.] : chez N. Simrock [etc.], [1812]


  • Mauro Giuliani: 120 daily guitar studies for the right hand. Type: English : Book Book Publisher: New York : Celesta Pub. Co., [©1949]


Books about Mauro Giuliani


Biographies

  • : 2005, ISBN 8887618062


  • : , Bari, Levante, 2008 ("La Puglia nei documenti", 12). ISBN 9788879494953


  • : Publisher: Columbus : Editions Orphée, 1995. (English) ISBN 0-936186-87-9 OCLC 32394767 / Publisher: New Haven, 1970. OCLC: 125002


  • : Omaggio a Mauro Giuliani : l'Orfeo della Puglia Type: Italian : Book Book Publisher: [S.l. : s.n.], 1999. OCLC: 45035045


  • Marco Riboni: Mauro Giuliani (1782-1829) : profilo biografico-critico ed analisi delle trascrizioni per chitarra Type: Italian : Book Book : Thesis/dissertation/manuscript Publisher: Anno accademico 1990-1991. OCLC: 32930581


  • Marco Riboni: Mauro Giuliani (1781-1829) : profilo biografico-critico ed analisi delle trascrizioni per chitarra Type: English : Book Book Publisher: [S.l. : s.n.], 1992. OCLC: 69237592


  • Brian Jeffery: Introduction and indexes Type: English : Book Book Publisher: London : Tecla Editions, ©1988. OCLC: 24958769


  • Filippo E Araniti: Nuove acquisizioni sull'opera e sulla vita di Mauro Giuliani : gli anni del soggiorno napoletano (1824-1829) Type: Italian : Book Book Publisher: Barletta-Trani : Regione Puglia-Assessorato Pubblica Istruzione, 1993. OCLC: 42716282


  • Thomas Fitz / Simons Heck: The birth of the classic guitar and its cultivation in Vienna, reflected in the career and compositions of Mauro Giuliani (d.1829) ; Thematic catalogue of the complete works of Mauro Giuliani.Type: English : Book Book Publisher: New Haven, Conn. : Yale University, 1970. OCLC: 53726031


  • Brian Jeffery: Introductions and indexes by Mauro Giuliani. Type: English : Book Book.Publisher: Penderyn, South Wales : Tecla Editions, ©1988. OCLC: 52613698


  • Antonio Lasada: The butterfly, op. 30 by Mauro Giuliani. Type: English : Book Book. Publisher: Sydney : J. Albert & Son, 1976. ISBN 0-909700-90-7 OCLC: 27600649


  • Thomas Fitz / Simons Heck: The birth of the classic guitar and its cultivation in Vienna reflected in the career and compositions of Mauro Giuliani (d. 1829) Type: English : Book Book. Publisher: [S.l. : s.n.], 1970. OCLC: 65932060


  • Eduardo Caliendo: Metodo per chitarra by Mauro Giuliani. Type: Italian : Book Book. Publisher: Ancona ; Milano : Edizioni musicali Bèrben, [1978], ©1964.OCLC: 23479377


  • Mauro Giuliani: 25 etudes [Múscia]. Type: Spanish : Book Book.Publisher: Japon : Zen-On music, [19--]. OCLC: 70134885


  • Gaspare Spontini; Mauro Giuliani; Brian Jeffery; Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart; Vincenzo Bellini: Three operatic overtures arranged for two guitars : Spontini's La Vestale, Mozart's La Clemenza di Tito, and Bellini's Il Pirata : Wo0, 2G-1, 2, 4. Type: English : Book Book. Publisher: London : Tecla Editions, ©1986. ISBN 0-906953-83-9 OCLC: 38002311


  • Tomasina Soto Michel: Survey of program music in early romantic guitarists, 1800-1850. Type: English : Book Book : Thesis/dissertation/manuscript Publisher: 1994. OCLC: 30986316


  • Joseph Zuth: 24 [i.e. Vierundzwanzig] Studien für Gitarre, op. 100 by Mauro Giuliani; Type: German : Book Book Publisher: Mainz : B. Schott's Söhne ; New York : Schott Music Corp., 1929. OCLC: 41699112


  • Joseph J Gonzales; Johann Sebastian Bach: Recital document. Type: English : Book Book : Thesis/dissertation/manuscript. Publisher: 1995. OCLC: 33850916


  • Hans Ritter: 24 [i.e. Vierundzwanzig] Etüden für Gitarre, op. 48 by Mauro Giuliani; Type: German : Book Book Publisher: Mainz : B. Schott's Söhne ; New York : Schott Music Corp., [19--] OCLC: 41699167


  • Ludwig van Beethoven: Beethoven-Festnummer der Oesterreichischen Gitarre-Zeitschrift Type: German : Book Book Publisher: Wien : Kunstdruckerie Frisch & Co., 1927. OCLC: 40961302


  • Antonio Francesco Gori; Liuba Giuliani: Type: Italian : Book Book Publisher: Roma : Consiglio nazionale delle ricerche, ©1987. OCLC: 20634181


Analysis


  • Yvonne Regina Chavez: The flute and guitar duos of Mauro Giuliani Book: Thesis/dissertation/manuscript Publisher: 1991. (English) OCLC: 24571012


  • Roger West Hudson: The orchestration of the guitar concerto : a comparison of the Concerto in A major, op. 30, by Mauro Giuliani and the Concierto del sol by Manuel Ponce. Type: English : Book Book : Thesis/dissertation/manuscript. Publisher: 1992.OCLC: 31118635


  • Heike Vajen Rossiniana no. 6 op. 124 by Mauro Giuliani.Type: German : Book Book. Publisher: Celle : Moeck, (1986). OCLC: 46051295


  • Volker Höh: Sonata op. 15 : Fingersatz by Mauro Giuliani. Type: Book Book Publisher: Celle : Moeck, 1989. OCLC: 46095695


  • Horacio Ceballos: Sonata Op. 15 [Música] by Mauro Giuliani. Type: Spanish : Book Book. Publisher: Buenos Aires, Argentina : RICORDI, 1977. OCLC: 70134745


  • Kurt L Schuster: Performing Joseph Haydn's Divertimento a quattro, opus 2, no. 2 and Mauro Giuliani's Grand sonata eroica, opus 150. Type: English : Book Book : Thesis/dissertation/manuscript. Publisher: 1989.: 20402277


External links

  • ( by Philip James Bone, 1914)
  • (Handbuch der Laute und Gitarre: Wien 1926-28, By Josef Zuth; ISBN 3487042908, ISBN 9783487042909)
  • (by Nicola Giuliani)
  • by Paul Pleijsier, 2001
  • (Tecla Editions)


Sheetmusic

  • [https://rex.kb.dk/F?func=find-c&ccl_term=(WRD=Giuliani%20AND%20WWW=http%20NOT%20WWW=sheetmusicnow%20NOT%20WWW=freehandmusic%20NOT%20WWW=hebeonline)&local_base=mus01&con_lng=ENG Rischel & Birket-Smith's Collection of guitar music] Det Kongelige Bibliotek, Denmark
  • The Music Library of Sweden
  • Washington University