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Matanzas
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Matanzas is the capital of the Cuban province of Matanzas. It is famed for its Afro-Cuban folklore.
It is located on the northern shore of the island of Cuba, on the Bay of Matanzas (Spanish Bahia de Matanzas), east of the capital Havana and west of the resort town of Varadero.
Matanzas is called the city of bridges, of which there are seventeen crossing the three rivers that traverse the city (Rio Yumuri, San Juan, and Canimar).
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Encyclopedia
Matanzas is the capital of the Cuban province of Matanzas. It is famed for its Afro-Cuban folklore.
It is located on the northern shore of the island of Cuba, on the Bay of Matanzas (Spanish Bahia de Matanzas), east of the capital Havana and west of the resort town of Varadero.
Matanzas is called the city of bridges, of which there are seventeen crossing the three rivers that traverse the city (Rio Yumuri, San Juan, and Canimar). For this reason it was referred to as the "Venice of Cuba." It was also called "La Atenas de Cuba" (the Athens of Cuba) for its poets.
History
Matanzas was founded in 1693 as San Carlos y San Severino de Matanzas.
Matanzas was one of the regions that saw intensive development of sugar plantations during the colonial era. Consequently, many African slaves were imported to support the sugar industry, particularly during the first half of the nineteenth century. For example, in 1792 there were 1900 slaves in Matanzas, roughly 30% of its population. In 1817, the slave population of Matanzas had grown to 10,773, comprising nearly 50% of the overall population. By 1841, 53,331 slaves made up 62.7% of the population of Matanzas.Census figures for 1859 put the Matanzas slave population at 104,519. Matanzas was the site of several slave insurrections and plots, including the infamous Escalera conspiracy (discovered in late 1843). Due to the high number of both slaves and, importantly, free Afro-Cubans in Matanzas, the retention of African traditions is especially strong there. In 1898, Matanzas became the location of the first action in the Spanish/American War. The city was bombarded by American Navy vessels on April 25th 1898, just after the beggining of the war.
Name origin
The name Matanzas means "massacre" and refers to a putative slaughter at the port of the same name in which 30 Spanish soldiers were crossing one of the rivers to attack an aboriginal camp on the far shore. However, they didn't have any boats, and enlisted the help of some native fishermen. However, once they reached the middle of the river, the fishermen flipped the boats, and due to the Spanish soldiers' heavy metal armor, most of them drowned. Only two women -- one said to be the beautiful María de Estrada -- survived, the result of being "taken" by a Cacique. De Estrada is said to have later escaped the "power of the Cacique" and married Pedro Sánchez Farfán in the city of Trinidad.
Geography
The city is located on the north shore of the island of Cuba, on all three sides of the Bay of Matanzas. The bay cuts deep in the island, and three rivers flow in the bay inside city limits (Rio Yumuri, San Juan, and Canimar). To the south-east, the landscape rises into a hill called Pan de Matanzas, divided from the Atlantic coast by the Yumuri Valley and a coastal ridge.
The municipality is divided into the barrios of Bachicha, Bailén, Barracones, Bellamar, Camarioca, Cárcel, Ceiba Mocha, Colón, Corral Nuevo, Guanábana, Ojo de Agua, Refugio, San Luis, San Severino, Simpson y Monserrate, Versalles and Yumurí.
Transportation
Matanzas is served by Juan Gualberto Gómez Airport, 15 km east of the city.
The city has two railway stations. The main station is on the main line from Havana to Santiago de Cuba. The electrified Hershey train operates by a different route to Havana from a separate station in the barrio of Versalles.
Matanzas is also served by Viazul and Astro buses.
The Via Blanca highway connects the city with both Havana in the west and Varadero in the east.
Main sights
- Pharmaceutical Museum - established in 1882
- Museo Historico Provincial de Matanzas - Provincial History Museum
- Sauto Theatre - Teatro Sauto - Opened in 1863, the theatre hosts plays, opera, ballet, and symphonic concerts. It is a National Monument of Cuba.
- Catedral San Carlos De Borromeo
- nearby Bellamar caves, also a National Monument of Cuba.
- boating on the Canimar River
- Matanzas bridges
- Casino Español - Now being restored (May 2008).
- Matanzas High School (Palm Coast)
- Necropolis de San Carlos Borromeo
- Quinta de Bellamar, heritage house and church
- University of Matanzas is the province's secondary education institution.
Demographics
In 2004, the municipality of Matanzas had a population of 143,706. With a total area of , it has a population density of .
Notable residents
- Lyen Wong - Cuban-German fitness athlete was born in Matanzas in 1974
- Leo Cardenas - Former major league baseball player and 5-time All-Star was born in Matanzas in 1938
- Perez Prado - Famous mambo bandleader and composer was born in Matanzas.
- Elian Gonzalez - A little boy who was in trouble with the law in Miami, Florida
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