Massachusetts Maritime Academy
Encyclopedia
Massachusetts Maritime Academy (also called Maritime, Mass Maritime or MMA) is a regionally accredited, coeducation
Coeducation
Mixed-sex education, also known as coeducation or co-education, is the integrated education of male and female persons in the same institution. It is the opposite of single-sex education...

al, state
Massachusetts
The Commonwealth of Massachusetts is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States of America. It is bordered by Rhode Island and Connecticut to the south, New York to the west, and Vermont and New Hampshire to the north; at its east lies the Atlantic Ocean. As of the 2010...

 college
College
A college is an educational institution or a constituent part of an educational institution. Usage varies in English-speaking nations...

 offering undergraduate degrees in maritime-related fields, as well as graduate degrees and professional studies. Established in 1891, Mass Maritime is the second oldest state maritime academy in the country. The Academy is located on Taylor's Point in Buzzards Bay, Massachusetts
Buzzards Bay, Massachusetts
Buzzards Bay is a census-designated place in the town of Bourne in Barnstable County, Massachusetts. The population was 3,549 at the 2000 census.-Geography:Buzzards Bay is located at...

, in the United States
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...

 and prepares students for careers in the maritime, engineering, emergency management and environmental fields. Originally established to graduate deck and engineering officers for the U.S. Merchant Marine
United States Merchant Marine
The United States Merchant Marine refers to the fleet of U.S. civilian-owned merchant vessels, operated by either the government or the private sector, that engage in commerce or transportation of goods and services in and out of the navigable waters of the United States. The Merchant Marine is...

, the academy has since expanded its curriculum. Though not required, some graduates go on to serve in active & reserve components of the U.S. Armed Forces
Military of the United States
The United States Armed Forces are the military forces of the United States. They consist of the Army, Navy, Marine Corps, Air Force, and Coast Guard.The United States has a strong tradition of civilian control of the military...

. The Academy operates a training ship, the USTS Kennedy.

The Academy offers Bachelor of Science
Bachelor of Science
A Bachelor of Science is an undergraduate academic degree awarded for completed courses that generally last three to five years .-Australia:In Australia, the BSc is a 3 year degree, offered from 1st year on...

 degrees in Marine Transportation
Ship transport
Ship transport is watercraft carrying people or goods . Sea transport has been the largest carrier of freight throughout recorded history. Although the importance of sea travel for passengers has decreased due to aviation, it is effective for short trips and pleasure cruises...

, Marine Engineering
Marine propulsion
Marine propulsion is the mechanism or system used to generate thrust to move a ship or boat across water. While paddles and sails are still used on some smaller boats, most modern ships are propelled by mechanical systems consisting a motor or engine turning a propeller, or less frequently, in jet...

, Marine Safety & Environmental Protection
Environmental protection
Environmental protection is a practice of protecting the environment, on individual, organizational or governmental level, for the benefit of the natural environment and humans. Due to the pressures of population and our technology the biophysical environment is being degraded, sometimes permanently...

, Facilities & Environmental Engineering
Engineering
Engineering is the discipline, art, skill and profession of acquiring and applying scientific, mathematical, economic, social, and practical knowledge, in order to design and build structures, machines, devices, systems, materials and processes that safely realize improvements to the lives of...

, International Maritime Business
Business
A business is an organization engaged in the trade of goods, services, or both to consumers. Businesses are predominant in capitalist economies, where most of them are privately owned and administered to earn profit to increase the wealth of their owners. Businesses may also be not-for-profit...

, and Emergency Management
Emergency management
Emergency management is the generic name of an interdisciplinary field dealing with the strategic organizational management processes used to protect critical assets of an organization from hazard risks that can cause events like disasters or catastrophes and to ensure the continuance of the...

.

The Academy also offers a Master of Science in Emergency Management as well as Facilities Management and a wide array of professional/continuing education programs.

History

Massachusetts Maritime Academy was founded by an act of the state legislature
Massachusetts General Court
The Massachusetts General Court is the state legislature of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. The name "General Court" is a hold-over from the Colonial Era, when this body also sat in judgment of judicial appeals cases...

 on June 11, 1891 as the Massachusetts Nautical Training School, the name was changed in 1913 to the Massachusetts Nautical School and took its present name in 1942. The school's first training ship was the USS Enterprise
USS Enterprise (1874)
USS Enterprise, a barque-rigged screw sloop, was launched 13 June 1874 at Portsmouth Navy Yard, Kittery, Maine, USA, by John W. Griffiths, a private contractor; and commissioned 16 March 1877, Commander George C. Remey in command. She was later commanded by Bowman H...

 on loan from the Navy
United States Navy
The United States Navy is the naval warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces and one of the seven uniformed services of the United States. The U.S. Navy is the largest in the world; its battle fleet tonnage is greater than that of the next 13 largest navies combined. The U.S...

.

The school was located at a pier in Boston, MA until 1936. It then was moved to Hyannis, MA on Cape Cod, where it remained until after World War II. In 1946 the Academy acquired land at the State Pier on Taylors Point in Buzzards Bay, MA at the southern end of the Cape Cod Canal with a berth deep enough to accommodate the USS Charleston
USS Charleston
USS Charleston has been the name of more than one United States Navy ship, and may refer to:, a galley in commission from 1798 to 1802, a protected cruiser commissioned in 1889 and wrecked in 1899, a protected cruiser in commission from 1905 to 1923, a gunboat in commission from 1936 to 1946, an...

, the school's new training ship. A classroom building was built, but life and education at the school continued to revolve around its training ships for the next 25 years.

In 1972 the state legislature appropriated money to build brick dormitories, a cadet mess hall, the library, a second classroom building that also encompassed the school's administrative offices, a football and baseball diamond, and a gymnasium. At this time the structure of the Corps of Cadets shifted from ship-based watches and divisions to a platoon, company and battalion system similar to that of the Naval Academy better suited to the new dormitories.

Women were first admitted to the Academy in 1978, with the Class of 1981. At this time the existing battalion structure was expanded to become a two-battalion regiment as two additional company dormitories were completed. The most recently completed building was for the school's radar simulator trainer.

One unique off-campus program run by the Academy is the scale model shiphandling program (similar to the supertanker training school in France) that is run on a pond ten miles from the campus. It is the only program of its kind in the United States. Many types of 'ships' and several scale model 'ports' are set up on the pond. The quality of the training ship's officers receive from this program is such that the U.S. Coast Guard will remit a quarter of the sea time required to upgrade a deck officer's license from Chief Mate to Master upon successful completion of the course.

Mass. Maritime's traditional Marine Transportation or Marine Engineering majors were expanded to include many additional maritime-related majors in 1990 (see Academic Programs, below) in time for the school's centennial celebration. At the same time, for the first time the Academy began offering master's degree programs in various disciplines.

In 2008, the Academy acquired a Vestas 660 kilowatt wind turbine and began installation of solar power screens on top of the dormitories. As the windspeed across the campus averages 12 to 15 knots year round, the location is ideal for wind power. At present, 30% of the Academy's power needs are supplied by the wind turbine and solar power. The current administration hopes to eventually make Massachusetts Maritime Academy's campus self-sufficent in regard to electric power. As it is, the Academy is the 'greenest' of the twelve colleges in the state college system and one of the greenest colleges in the country.

Regiment of Cadets

All residential students are members of the Academy's Regiment
Regiment
A regiment is a major tactical military unit, composed of variable numbers of batteries, squadrons or battalions, commanded by a colonel or lieutenant colonel...

 of Cadet
Cadet
A cadet is a trainee to become an officer in the military, often a person who is a junior trainee. The term comes from the term "cadet" for younger sons of a noble family.- Military context :...

s. Within the Regiment, cadets supervise other cadets in a broad variety of activities, including the orientation of freshmen, room inspections, sea term planning and shipboard responsibilities. Students who seek to enroll in the Facilities & Environmental Engineering or the Emergency Management programs as non-uniformed commuter students must apply in writing for admission to that status.

Academy freshmen, called "Youngies", arrive at the Academy in mid-August for Orientation, a two-week military-style indoctrination program that is physically and mentally demanding. It encompasses regimental training, military drill, and physical fitness. It also serves as an introduction to shipboard/maritime safety, nomenclature, and customs.

After Orientation the academic year begins. For the rest of their first academic year as fourth class cadets, Youngies continue to be required to adhere to stringent rules affecting many aspects of their daily life.

Second class cadets, or juniors, are designated Squad Leaders and are in charge of the training of the Youngies. First class cadets, or seniors, hold cadet officer positions within the regiment and/or training ship.

Academic programs

Marine Transportation and Marine Engineering

Prior to the expansion of its offered majors in 1990, the Academy was exclusively a merchant marine college, tasked with the training of future cargo ship
Cargo ship
A cargo ship or freighter is any sort of ship or vessel that carries cargo, goods, and materials from one port to another. Thousands of cargo carriers ply the world's seas and oceans each year; they handle the bulk of international trade...

 officer
Licensed mariner
A licensed mariner is a person who holds a license issued by one or more countries to hold senior positions aboard ships, boats, and similar vessels. The United States Coast Guard grants licenses to members of the United States Merchant Marine in five categories: deck officers, engineers, staff...

s. The Academy only offered majors in the ship transport
Ship transport
Ship transport is watercraft carrying people or goods . Sea transport has been the largest carrier of freight throughout recorded history. Although the importance of sea travel for passengers has decreased due to aviation, it is effective for short trips and pleasure cruises...

 subjects of Marine Transportation
Ship transport
Ship transport is watercraft carrying people or goods . Sea transport has been the largest carrier of freight throughout recorded history. Although the importance of sea travel for passengers has decreased due to aviation, it is effective for short trips and pleasure cruises...

 and Marine Engineering
Marine propulsion
Marine propulsion is the mechanism or system used to generate thrust to move a ship or boat across water. While paddles and sails are still used on some smaller boats, most modern ships are propelled by mechanical systems consisting a motor or engine turning a propeller, or less frequently, in jet...

.

Marine Transportation (or Deck) students are in training to become deck officers and learn seamanship
Seamanship
Seamanship is the art of operating a ship or boat.It involves a knowledge of a variety of topics and development of specialised skills including: navigation and international maritime law; weather, meteorology and forecasting; watchstanding; ship-handling and small boat handling; operation of deck...

, ship navigation
Navigation
Navigation is the process of monitoring and controlling the movement of a craft or vehicle from one place to another. It is also the term of art used for the specialized knowledge used by navigators to perform navigation tasks...

, cargo handling, navigation rules
International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea
The International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea 1972 are published by the International Maritime Organization , and set out, inter alia, the "rules of the road" or navigation rules to be followed by ships and other vessels at sea in order to prevent collisions between two or more...

 and maritime law
Admiralty law
Admiralty law is a distinct body of law which governs maritime questions and offenses. It is a body of both domestic law governing maritime activities, and private international law governing the relationships between private entities which operate vessels on the oceans...

. Marine Engineering (or Engine) students learn the functions, operation, and maintenance of the ship's propulsion
Marine propulsion
Marine propulsion is the mechanism or system used to generate thrust to move a ship or boat across water. While paddles and sails are still used on some smaller boats, most modern ships are propelled by mechanical systems consisting a motor or engine turning a propeller, or less frequently, in jet...

 engines (steam
Steam turbine
A steam turbine is a mechanical device that extracts thermal energy from pressurized steam, and converts it into rotary motion. Its modern manifestation was invented by Sir Charles Parsons in 1884....

 and diesel
Diesel engine
A diesel engine is an internal combustion engine that uses the heat of compression to initiate ignition to burn the fuel, which is injected into the combustion chamber...

) and other shipboard systems.

In addition to completing all shore-side college classes, students in these two majors must sail on four Sea Terms (the third may be as a cadet on a U.S.-flag commercial cargo ship
Cargo ship
A cargo ship or freighter is any sort of ship or vessel that carries cargo, goods, and materials from one port to another. Thousands of cargo carriers ply the world's seas and oceans each year; they handle the bulk of international trade...

) and pass a 4-day professional exam administered by the U.S. Coast Guard
United States Coast Guard
The United States Coast Guard is a branch of the United States Armed Forces and one of the seven U.S. uniformed services. The Coast Guard is a maritime, military, multi-mission service unique among the military branches for having a maritime law enforcement mission and a federal regulatory agency...

 in the latter part of senior year. These students earn a Merchant Marine Officer's License
Licensed mariner
A licensed mariner is a person who holds a license issued by one or more countries to hold senior positions aboard ships, boats, and similar vessels. The United States Coast Guard grants licenses to members of the United States Merchant Marine in five categories: deck officers, engineers, staff...

 upon graduation. Marine Transportation students earn Third Mate
Third Mate
A Third Mate or Third Officer is a licensed member of the deck department of a merchant ship. The third mate is a watchstander and customarily the ship's safety officer and fourth-in-command...

 licenses while Marine Engineering students earn Third Assistant Engineer
Third Assistant Engineer
The Third Assistant Engineer, also known as the Fourth Engineer, is a licensed member of the engineering department on a merchant vessel....

 licenses.

Marine Safety and Environmental Protection (MSEP)

This major prepares students for positions in the fields of environmental protection
Environmental protection
Environmental protection is a practice of protecting the environment, on individual, organizational or governmental level, for the benefit of the natural environment and humans. Due to the pressures of population and our technology the biophysical environment is being degraded, sometimes permanently...

, environmental management and marine safety. Students receive a multi-disciplinary, integrated education in sciences, management, law, communications and safety as related to environmental issues.

These students must be members of the Regiment and must sail on at least one Sea Term. MSEP students also supplement their college classes with independent studies and internships.

Facilities and Environmental Engineering

This major prepares students for the safe and economical operation of the variety of equipment found in industrial plants, office buildings, hospitals, power plants, and all facilities requiring heat, air conditioning, and electrical power.

The curriculum also includes one sea term and three, six-week co-ops with industry.

International Maritime Business

This major prepares graduates to enter the maritime shipping and transportation industry as a business professional. The program includes elements of international business, logistics, and transportation.

The curriculum includes introductory courses in vessel familiarization and computer applications; cognate courses in such areas as marine safety and port terminal operations; and courses in economics, finance, accounting, business of shipping, global logistics,chartering and brokerage, marine insurance, international business, negotiations and organization management. It also includes a capstone seminar in international maritime business during the senior year.

The practical component of the curriculum includes one sea term and two internships.

Emergency Management

This major's curriculum encompasses the three key concepts of hazard, risk, and disaster in emergency management
Emergency management
Emergency management is the generic name of an interdisciplinary field dealing with the strategic organizational management processes used to protect critical assets of an organization from hazard risks that can cause events like disasters or catastrophes and to ensure the continuance of the...

. The program teaches risk management concepts including Risk Assessment, Control Analysis, Strategy Section and Implementation and Evaluation. In the case of disaster, the students will study the different time stages in a disaster cycle: Mitigation or Prevention, Preparedness, Response and Recovery.

The Academy hosted a summit of faculty of Maritime Academies on April 17, 2009, in order to address the need to respond to pirate attacks.

Sea term

Sea Terms are conducted between the two academic semesters, in January and February. Cadets register soon after the New Year holiday, and prepare the USTS Kennedy for sailing, including loading provisions in the freezers and dry stores spaces. The ship sails for foreign ports of the Caribbean Sea
Caribbean Sea
The Caribbean Sea is a sea of the Atlantic Ocean located in the tropics of the Western hemisphere. It is bounded by Mexico and Central America to the west and southwest, to the north by the Greater Antilles, and to the east by the Lesser Antilles....

 three out of four years, and one in four formerly traveled to the Mediterranean Sea
Mediterranean Sea
The Mediterranean Sea is a sea connected to the Atlantic Ocean surrounded by the Mediterranean region and almost completely enclosed by land: on the north by Anatolia and Europe, on the south by North Africa, and on the east by the Levant...

. At least one of the Caribbean voyages includes the Panama Canal
Panama Canal
The Panama Canal is a ship canal in Panama that joins the Atlantic Ocean and the Pacific Ocean and is a key conduit for international maritime trade. Built from 1904 to 1914, the canal has seen annual traffic rise from about 1,000 ships early on to 14,702 vessels measuring a total of 309.6...

 and an Equator
Equator
An equator is the intersection of a sphere's surface with the plane perpendicular to the sphere's axis of rotation and containing the sphere's center of mass....

 crossing.

The voyage lasts about 52 days on average, and during that time a cadet will rotate through class and laboratory training at sea, ships operations including deck and engine watches, maintenance and emergency drills. Port visits offer a time to relax, but still include watch responsibilities and ship's maintenance.

Training ships

  • USS Enterprise
    USS Enterprise (1874)
    USS Enterprise, a barque-rigged screw sloop, was launched 13 June 1874 at Portsmouth Navy Yard, Kittery, Maine, USA, by John W. Griffiths, a private contractor; and commissioned 16 March 1877, Commander George C. Remey in command. She was later commanded by Bowman H...

     (17 October 1892 – 4 May 1909)
  • USS Ranger
    USS Nantucket (IX-18)
    |...

     (26 April 1909 – 29 October 1917) rechristened to Rockport
    • Rockport (30 October 1917 – 20 February 1918) rechristened to USS Nantucket during World War I
      World War I
      World War I , which was predominantly called the World War or the Great War from its occurrence until 1939, and the First World War or World War I thereafter, was a major war centred in Europe that began on 28 July 1914 and lasted until 11 November 1918...

    • USS Nantucket (21 February 1918 – 1920s) rechristened to Bay State
    • Bay State (1920s–1941) rechristened to TV Emery Rice upon her transfer to the US Merchant Marine Academy
  • Keystone State (1942) former USCGC Seneca
    USCGC Seneca (1908)
    USCGC Seneca had an interesting and varied history. Fighting submarines in World War I, making the International Ice Patrol, capturing rum runners in the Prohibition era, saving lives from Greenland to Puerto Rico, from Gibraltar to the Gulf of Mexico, participating in colorful ceremonies and...

    , borrowed from Pennsylvania Maritime Academy
  • American Pilot (1943–1945) former Empire State
  • American Mariner (1946) former George Calvert
  • Yankee States (1947) former USS Sirona
    USS Sirona (AKA-43)
    USS Sirona was an named after the asteroid 116 Sirona, which in turn is named after the Celtic goddess Sirona. USS Sirona served as a commissioned ship for 13 months....

    , shared with Maine Maritime Academy
  • SC 1321 (1946–1948)
  • USS Charleston
    USS Charleston (PG-51)
    USS Charleston , the fourth vessel to carry her name, was the second of two -class patrol gunboats. Launched from the Charleston Navy Yard on 25 February 1936, and commissioned on 8 July 1936, under the command of Captain Robert King Awtrey, and was part of the Atlantic Fleet.-Inter-war...

     (1949–1957)
  • USTS Bay State II (1957–1973) former USS Doyen
  • USTS Bay State III (1974–1978) former Empire State IV, former USS Henry Gibbins
    USNS Henry Gibbins (T-AP-183)
    USNS Henry Gibbins was a troop transport that served with the United States Military Sea Transportation Service during the 1950s. Prior to her MSTS service, she served as US Army transport USAT Henry Gibbins during World War II...

  • USTS Empire State V
    Empire State V
    USTS Empire State V, was a troop ship of the US Navy and training vessel of the United States Maritime Service. She was laid down as the SS President Jackson and later served as USS Barrett ...

     (1979) former USNS Barrett, borrowed from SUNY Maritime
    State University of New York Maritime College
    SUNY Maritime College is a maritime college located in the Bronx, New York City in historic Fort Schuyler on the Throggs Neck peninsula where the East River meets Long Island Sound...

  • USTS Bay State IV (1980–1981) former Barrett class USNS Geiger
    USNS Geiger (T-AP-197)
    USNS Geiger /USTS Bay State IV was a transport ship in the United States Navy. She was named after General Roy Geiger, who, from July 1945 to November 1946, commanded Marine Force, Pacific Fleet.- Career :...

    , destroyed by fire, December 1981
  • USTS State of Maine (1982–1983) former Barrett class USNS Upshur, borrowed from Maine Maritime Academy
  • USTS Empire State V (1984) borrowed again from SUNY Maritime
  • USTS State of Maine (1985) borrowed again from Maine Maritime Academy
  • USTS Patriot State (1986–1998) former Santa Mercedes
  • USTS Empire State VI (1999–2003) borrowed from SUNY Maritime
  • USTS Enterprise (2003–2008) former USNS Cape Bon, former SS Velma Lykes
    Lykes Brothers Steamship Company
    Lykes Bros. Steamship Co., also called Lykes Lines, was a cargo shipping company acting from the beginning of the 20th century to 2005 having its main business in the trade to and from the United States.-History:In 1900 the sons of Dr...

    • USTS Kennedy
      TS Kennedy
      USTS Kennedy , callsign KVMU, IMO number 6621662, is a troop ship of the United States Navy and training vessel of the United States Maritime Service.-Birth and early years:...

       (2009–Present) rechristened from Enterprise in honor of the Kennedy family
      Kennedy family
      In the United States, the phrase Kennedy family commonly refers to the family descending from the marriage of the Irish-Americans Joseph P. Kennedy, Sr. and Rose Elizabeth Fitzgerald that was prominent in American politics and government. Their political involvement has revolved around the...


Athletics

Sports teams for Massachusetts Maritime Academy compete as the Buccaneers and currently include baseball, crew, cross country, football, lacrosse, rifle, sailing, soccer, softball, track & field and volleyball. These teams compete in the Massachusetts State College Athletic Conference
Massachusetts State College Athletic Conference
The Massachusetts State College Athletic Conference is an intercollegiate athletic conference affiliated with the NCAA's Division III...

, Eastern College Athletic Conference
Eastern College Athletic Conference
The Eastern College Athletic Conference is a college athletic conference comprising schools that compete in 21 sports . It has 317 member institutions in NCAA Divisions I, II, and III, ranging in location from Maine to North Carolina and west to Illinois...

, New England Football Conference
New England Football Conference
The New England Football Conference is an athletic conference which competes in football in the NCAA's Division III. Member teams are located in New England...

, Pilgrim Lacrosse League
Pilgrim League
The Pilgrim Lacrosse League is an NCAA Division III men's college lacrosse conference that has member schools in Massachusetts.-Members:The member schools are:* Babson College* Clark University* Massachusetts Institute of Technology...

, Mid Atlantic Rifle Conference, Intercollegiate Sailing Association
Intercollegiate Sailing Association
The Inter-Collegiate Sailing Association is a volunteer organization that serves as the governing authority for all sailing competition at colleges and universities throughout the United States and in some parts of Canada.-History:...

 and the New England Women's Lacrosse Alliance
New England Women's Lacrosse Alliance
The New England Women's Lacrosse Alliance is an NCAA Division III women's lacrosse conference. The NEWLA has eight member schools representing three states .-Member schools:* Becker College...

.
  • 2005 Mens Cross Country: The Buccaneers earned the school's first MASCAC
    Massachusetts State College Athletic Conference
    The Massachusetts State College Athletic Conference is an intercollegiate athletic conference affiliated with the NCAA's Division III...

     conference championship in over 20 years. The team placed 2nd in 2003 and 2006.

Alumni

  • Emory Rice, Commander, USNR, MMA, Class of 1891. Quartermaster of USS Olympia
    USS Olympia
    USS Olympia may refer to: is a protected cruiser in active service from 1895 to 1922, most notably in the Spanish-American War, and presently a museum ship in Philadelphia...

     at the Battle of Manila Bay; while in command of a freighter in World War I, attacked, rammed and sank a German U-boat
    U-boat
    U-boat is the anglicized version of the German word U-Boot , itself an abbreviation of Unterseeboot , and refers to military submarines operated by Germany, particularly in World War I and World War II...

    , for which he received the Navy Cross
    Navy Cross
    The Navy Cross is the highest decoration that may be bestowed by the Department of the Navy and the second highest decoration given for valor. It is normally only awarded to members of the United States Navy, United States Marine Corps and United States Coast Guard, but can be awarded to all...

    .

  • Christine M. Griffin deputy director of the United States Office of Personnel Management.
  • Lee Van Gemert, MMA, Class of 1940. Author of Stability and Trim for the Ship's Officer, the Merchant Marine standard textbook on the subject.
  • Maurice J. Bresnahan Jr., Rear Admiral, USN, MMA, Class of 1959. President of Massachusetts Maritime Academy from 1998 to 2004.
  • Captain Shane Murphy
    Shane Murphy (captain)
    Captain Shane Murphy is a 33-year-old American Merchant Marine deck officer employed by Maersk. He was the Chief Mate of the MV Maersk Alabama. C/M Murphy garnered national attention after the attempted hijacking of the Maersk Alabama in April 2009 when he took over as Master for Captain Richard...

     was Chief Mate
    Chief Mate
    A Chief Mate or Chief Officer, usually also synonymous with the First Mate or First Officer , is a licensed member and head of the deck department of a merchant ship...

     durning the of the MV Maersk Alabama
    MV Maersk Alabama
    MV Maersk Alabama is a container ship owned by Maersk Line Limited and operated by Waterman Steamship Corporation....

    .
  • Robert K. Coughlin, member of the Mass. House of Representatives
    Massachusetts House of Representatives
    The Massachusetts House of Representatives is the lower house of the Massachusetts General Court, the state legislature of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. It is composed of 160 members elected from single-member electoral districts across the Commonwealth. Representatives serve two-year terms...

    from 2002 to 2007.

External links

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