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Market access for goods in the WTO
World Trade Organization

The World Trade Organization is an international organization designed to supervise and Free trade international trade. The WTO came into being on 1 January 1995, and is the successor to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade , which was created in 1947, and continued to operate for almost five decades as a de facto international org...
 means the conditions, tariff
Tariff

A tariff is a tax imposed on goods when they are moved across a political boundary. They are usually associated with protectionism, the economic policy of restraining trade between nations....
 and non-tariff measures, agreed by members for the entry of specific goods into their markets. Tariff commitments for goods are set out in each member's schedules of concessions
Schedules of concessions

Schedules of concessions are documents in which the specific commitments are listed. World Trade Organization negotiations produce general rules that apply to all members, and specific commitments made by individual member governments....
 on goods. The schedules represent commitments not to apply tariffs above the listed rates — these rates are “bound”. Non-tariff measures are dealt with under specific WTO agreements.






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Market access for goods in the WTO
World Trade Organization

The World Trade Organization is an international organization designed to supervise and Free trade international trade. The WTO came into being on 1 January 1995, and is the successor to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade , which was created in 1947, and continued to operate for almost five decades as a de facto international org...
 means the conditions, tariff
Tariff

A tariff is a tax imposed on goods when they are moved across a political boundary. They are usually associated with protectionism, the economic policy of restraining trade between nations....
 and non-tariff measures, agreed by members for the entry of specific goods into their markets. Tariff commitments for goods are set out in each member's schedules of concessions
Schedules of concessions

Schedules of concessions are documents in which the specific commitments are listed. World Trade Organization negotiations produce general rules that apply to all members, and specific commitments made by individual member governments....
 on goods. The schedules represent commitments not to apply tariffs above the listed rates — these rates are “bound”. Non-tariff measures are dealt with under specific WTO agreements. WTO Members seek to continually improve market access through the regular WTO work programme and through negotiations such as those launched at the Doha Ministerial Conference in November 2001.

Market access and import regulations

Countries have various different systems controlling the import of products. Often authorization from certification bodies and/or international product certification
Product certification

Product certification or product qualification is the process of certifying that a certain product has passed performance and quality assurance tests or qualification requirements stipulated in regulations such as a building code and nationally accredited test standards, or that it complies with a set of regulations governing quality an...
 is required. An overview of market access regulations can be given for example by http://fita.org/countries/ or http://marketaccess.tuv.com

Pharmacoeconomics

Market Access is also used in Pharmacoeconomics
Pharmacoeconomics

Pharmacoeconomics refers to the scientific discipline that compares the value of one pharmaceutical drug or drug therapy to another. It is a sub-discipline of Health economics....
 and refers to the process by which a company gets a drug to market so that it becomes available for patients. Access is defined as a patient's ability to obtain medical care. Ease of access is determined by such factors as the availability of medical services and their acceptability to the patient, location of health care facilities, the transportation, the hours of operation and cost of care.1 Evidence-Based Market Access (see Evidence-based medicine
Evidence-based medicine

Evidence-based medicine aims to apply evidence gained from the scientific method to certain parts of medical practice. It seeks to assess the quality of evidence relevant to the risks and benefits of therapy ....
) refers to a process for producing Market Access reports based on scientific, preferably peer-reviewed and referenced material. (for example see Biomedcom
Biomedcom

BioMedCom Consultants inc is a contract research organization1.Based in Montreal, Canada, BioMedCom Consultants inc.2 was established in 1996 to address the application needs evident in the health economics and health outcomes research community ? the transmission of health outcomes information to its audiences ? other...
)