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The Anglicised name used for this article derives from the Arabic Banu Marin (also Beni Merin, which is the source of the Spanish name).

The Marinid dynasty (aka Marinid or Benemerine dynasty) was a Berber dynasty formed in 1244. They were largely concentrated in present-day Morocco
Morocco

Morocco , officially the Kingdom of Morocco , is a country located in North Africa with a population of nearly 34 million and an area just under 447,000 km2....
 and Spain
Spain

Spain or the Kingdom of Spain , is a country located in Southern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula.The Spanish constitution does not establish any official denomination of the country, even though Espa?a , Estado espa?ol and Naci?n espa?ola are used interchangeably....
. They overtook the Berber
Berber

Berber may refer to:*a member of the Berber people**the Berber languages, a family of Afro-Asiatic languages**Berberism, a political-cultural supporting a distinct Berber identity....
 Almohad dynasty in controlling most of the Maghreb
Maghreb

The Maghreb , also rendered Maghrib , meaning "place of sunset" or "western" in Arabic, is a region in North Africa. The term is generally applied to all of Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia, but in older Arabic usage pertained only to the area of the three countries between the high ranges of the Atlas Mountains and the Mediterranean Sea....
 from the mid-1300s to the 15th century, and also supported the Kingdom of Granada, in Al-Andalus
Al-Andalus

Al-Andalus was the Arabic name given to the parts of the Iberian Peninsula governed by Arab Muslims, at various times in the period between 711 and 1492....
, in the 13th and 14th centuries.






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The Anglicised name used for this article derives from the Arabic Banu Marin (also Beni Merin, which is the source of the Spanish name).

The Marinid dynasty (aka Marinid or Benemerine dynasty) was a Berber dynasty formed in 1244. They were largely concentrated in present-day Morocco
Morocco

Morocco , officially the Kingdom of Morocco , is a country located in North Africa with a population of nearly 34 million and an area just under 447,000 km2....
 and Spain
Spain

Spain or the Kingdom of Spain , is a country located in Southern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula.The Spanish constitution does not establish any official denomination of the country, even though Espa?a , Estado espa?ol and Naci?n espa?ola are used interchangeably....
. They overtook the Berber
Berber

Berber may refer to:*a member of the Berber people**the Berber languages, a family of Afro-Asiatic languages**Berberism, a political-cultural supporting a distinct Berber identity....
 Almohad dynasty in controlling most of the Maghreb
Maghreb

The Maghreb , also rendered Maghrib , meaning "place of sunset" or "western" in Arabic, is a region in North Africa. The term is generally applied to all of Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia, but in older Arabic usage pertained only to the area of the three countries between the high ranges of the Atlas Mountains and the Mediterranean Sea....
 from the mid-1300s to the 15th century, and also supported the Kingdom of Granada, in Al-Andalus
Al-Andalus

Al-Andalus was the Arabic name given to the parts of the Iberian Peninsula governed by Arab Muslims, at various times in the period between 711 and 1492....
, in the 13th and 14th centuries. The last Marinid fortress in the Iberian Peninsula
Iberian Peninsula

The Iberian Peninsula, or Iberia, is located in the extreme southwest of Europe and includes modern-day Spain, Portugal, Andorra and Gibraltar and a very small area of France....
 fell to Castile
Crown of Castile

The Crown of Castile, as a historic entity, is usually considered to have begun in 1230 with the third and definitive union of the two kingdoms of Kingdom of Le?n and Kingdom of Castile, or more concretely, with the union of their parliaments a few decades later....
 in 1344, and they were in turn replaced by the Hafsid dynasty in 1465.

The Marinid (aka Beni Marin, Arabic
Arabic language

Arabic is a Central Semitic language, thus related to and classified alongside other Semitic languages languages such as Hebrew language and Aramaic language....
: ??????? marîniyûn or ??? ???? banû marîn; Spanish
Spanish language

Spanish or Castilian is a Romance languages that originated in northern Spain, and gradually spread in the Kingdom of Castile and evolved into the principal language of government and trade....
 Mariní/Mariníes) were an Arabised tribe of Zenata
Zenata

The Zenata are one of the main divisions of the medieval Berber people, along with Senhaja and Masmuda. They were traditionally nomads whose main home was the Middle Maghreb , an area stretching, roughly speaking, from the Rif to Chlef Province....
 Berber heritage.

History


The Marinids originally came from Ifriqiya
Ifriqiya

In Middle Ages, Ifriqiya or Ifriqiyah was the area comprising the coastal regions of what are today western Libya, Tunisia, and eastern Algeria....
, through the southeast of present-day Morocco
Morocco

Morocco , officially the Kingdom of Morocco , is a country located in North Africa with a population of nearly 34 million and an area just under 447,000 km2....
, from which they were expelled in 1224 by another tribe, the Hilali. As early as 1145 the Marinids engaged in battles with the Almohad
Almohad

The Almohad Dynasty , was a Berber people, Muslim dynasty that was founded in the 12th century, and conquered all northern Africa as far as Libya, together with Al-Andalus ....
, which defeated them until 1169.

In 1169, the Marinids began their pursuit of taking Morocco
Morocco

Morocco , officially the Kingdom of Morocco , is a country located in North Africa with a population of nearly 34 million and an area just under 447,000 km2....
 from the Almohads, the ruling dynasty at the time. Following their expulsion from the south, they moved northwards under command of Abu Yahya ibn Abd al-Haqq
Abu Yahya ibn Abd al-Haqq

Abu Yahya ibn Abd al-Haqq was a Marinid ruler. He was the son of Abd al-Haqq I and the brother of both Uthman ibn Abd al-Haqq and Muhammad ibn Abd Al-Haqq....
 and took Fes
Fes, Morocco

Fes or Fez is the fourth largest city in Morocco, after Casablanca, Rabat and Marrakech with a population of 946,815 . It is the capital of the F?s-Boulemane Region....
 in 1248, making it their capital. This marked the beginning of the Marinid dynasty.

The Marinid leadership installed in Fes
Fes, Morocco

Fes or Fez is the fourth largest city in Morocco, after Casablanca, Rabat and Marrakech with a population of 946,815 . It is the capital of the F?s-Boulemane Region....
 declared war on the Almohads with the aid of Christian mercenaries
Mercenary

A mercenary is a person who takes part in an armed conflict, who is not a national or a party to the conflict, and is "motivated to take part in the hostilities essentially by the desire for private gain and, in fact, is promised, by or on behalf of a party to the conflict, material compensation substantially in excess of that promised or p...
. Abu Yusuf Yaqub (1259-1286) captured Marrakech
Marrakech

Marrakesh or Marrakech , known as the "Red City", is an important city/Wiktionary:medina in Morocco. It has a population of 1,036,500 , and is the capital of the mid-southwestern economic region of Marrakech-Tensift-Al Haouz , near the foothills of the snow-capped Atlas Mountains....
 in 1269, and then took control of most of the Maghreb
Maghreb

The Maghreb , also rendered Maghrib , meaning "place of sunset" or "western" in Arabic, is a region in North Africa. The term is generally applied to all of Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia, but in older Arabic usage pertained only to the area of the three countries between the high ranges of the Atlas Mountains and the Mediterranean Sea....
 towards the end of 1268, including present-day Morocco, Algeria
Algeria

Algeria , officially the People's Democratic Republic of Algeria, is a country located in North Africa. It is the largest country of the Mediterranean sea, second largest in the Arab World, and the second largest on the African continent and the eleventh-largest country in the world in terms of land area....
 and part of Tunisia
Tunisia

Tunisia , officially the Tunisian Republic , is a country located in North Africa. It is bordered by Algeria to the west and Libya to the southeast....
. After the Nasrids cession of Algeciras
Algeciras

Algeciras is a port city in the south of Spain, and is the largest urban area on the Bay of Gibraltar . It is the busiest port in SpainmeThe site of Roman cities called Portus Albus, Caetaria and Iuliua Tracta, the current name of Algeciras seems to come from the Arab occupation of the Iberian Peninsula: Al-Caetaria or...
 to the Marinidas, Abu Yusuf went to Andalucia to support them in their struggle against the Kingdom of Castile
Kingdom of Castile

Kingdom of Castile was one of the medieval kingdoms of the Iberian Peninsula. It emerged as a political autonomous entity in the 9th century. It was called County of Castile and was held in vassalage from the Kingdom of Le?n....
.

Having obtained this control, the Marinid dynasty tried to extend its control to the commercial traffic of the Strait of Gibraltar
Strait of Gibraltar

The Strait of Gibraltar is the strait that connects the Atlantic Ocean to the Mediterranean Sea and separates Spain from Morocco. The name comes from Gibraltar, which in turn originates from the Arabic language Jebel Tariq meaning mountain of Tariq....
. To this end, they declared jihad
Jihad

Jihad , an List of Islamic terms in Arabic, is a religious duty of Muslims. In Arabic language, the word jihad is a noun meaning "struggle." Jihad appears frequently in the Qur'an and common usage as the idiomatic expression "striving in the way of Allah "....
 on the Christians and occupied the cities of Rota
Rota, Spain

Rota is a town of approximately 27,000 people in the Andalusia region of Spain, located in Cadiz province, across the Bay of Cadiz from the city of that name....
, Algiers
Algiers

Algiers Nicknamed El-Bahdja or Alger la Blanche for the glistening white of its buildings as seen rising up from the sea, Algiers is situated on the west side of a bay of the Mediterranean Sea....
 and Gibraltar
Gibraltar

Gibraltar is a British overseas territory located near the southernmost tip of the Iberian Peninsula overlooking the Strait of Gibraltar. The territory shares a border with Spain to the north....
 successively, surrounding Tarifa
Tarifa

Tarifa is a small town on the southernmost coast of Spain. It is part of the province of C?diz , which, in turn, is part of the Andalusia region....
 for the first time in 1294.

Internal power struggles among the Merinids followed, which didn't however prevent Abu Said Utman II (1310-1331) from substantial construction work in Fez. Several madrassas for the education of public servants were founded, in order to support the centralisation of administration
Administration

In business, administration consists of the performance or management of business operations and thus the making or implementing of major decisions....
 and to reduce the influence of the not always reliable Marabuts.

The Marinids also strongly influenced the policy of the Kingdom of Granada, from which they enlarged their army in 1275. In the mid 1300s, Castile made several incursions into Morocco and in 1267 a full-scale invasion of Morocco, but the Marinids successfully defended Morocco and drove out the Castilians.

Under Abu Hasan (1331-1348) another attempt to reunite the Maghreb
Maghreb

The Maghreb , also rendered Maghrib , meaning "place of sunset" or "western" in Arabic, is a region in North Africa. The term is generally applied to all of Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia, but in older Arabic usage pertained only to the area of the three countries between the high ranges of the Atlas Mountains and the Mediterranean Sea....
 was made. In 1337 the empire of the Abdalwadid
Abdalwadid

Abdalwadid is the name of a Berber Zenata dynasty in North Africa. The Abdalwadid kingdom with capital at Tlemcen, in what is now western Algeria, existed from 1236 to 1550....
s in (what is now called) Algeria
Algeria

Algeria , officially the People's Democratic Republic of Algeria, is a country located in North Africa. It is the largest country of the Mediterranean sea, second largest in the Arab World, and the second largest on the African continent and the eleventh-largest country in the world in terms of land area....
 was conquered, followed in 1347 by the empire of the Hafsids in Ifriqiya
Ifriqiya

In Middle Ages, Ifriqiya or Ifriqiyah was the area comprising the coastal regions of what are today western Libya, Tunisia, and eastern Algeria....
 (Tunisia). However in 1340 the Marinids suffered a crushing defeat at the hands of a Portuguese-Castilian coalition at the Battle of Rio Salado
Battle of Rio Salado

The Battle of R?o Salado , was a battle of King Afonso IV of Portugal and King Alfonso XI of Castile against sultan Abu al-Hasan 'Ali of the Marinid dynasty of Morocco and the Nasrid Dynasty ruler Yusuf I of the Kingdom of Granada....
, and finally had to withdraw from Andalusia. Abu l-Hasan was deposed by his son Abu Inan Faris
Abu Inan Faris

Abu Inan Faris was a Marinid ruler. He succeeded his father Abu al-Hasan 'Ali as sultan of Morocco in 1348. He died strangled by his vizier in 1358....
 (1348-1358), who tried to reconquer Algeria and Tunisia. Despite several successes, the dynasty began to decline after the murder of Abu Inan Faris, strangled by his own vizier in 1358.

Unruly Bedouin
Bedouin

The Bedouin, , are predominantly Muslim, desert-dwelling Arab nomadic pastoralist, or previously nomadic group, found throughout most of the desert belt extending from the Atlantic coast of the Sahara via the Western Desert , Sinai Peninsula, and Negev to the Arabian Desert....
 and Berber tribes increasingly spread anarchy in Morocco, which accelerated the fall of the empire. The support of the Marabuts also declined, after the Merinids reduced their financial support in the 15th century due to a financial crisis. The empire became fractured into multiple small kingdoms and city-states, such as the Kingdom of Fez
Kingdom of Fez

The Kingdom of Fez was a state of North Africa. It bordered the Mediterranean Sea to its north, Spain to the northeast, Abdalwadid to the east, Saadi dynasty by Oum Er-Rbia River to the south, Atlantic ocean to the west, and Portugal to the northwest....
, which partitioned from the Marinid dynasty in 1374, and opposed the Kingdom of Marrakech. The Kingdom of Fez covered a vast area in today's eastern Algeria to the gates of Tlemsen, Spanish Plaza de soberanía and northern Morocco.

Merinid rulers after 1358 came under the control of the Wattasid
Wattasid

The Wattassids or Ban? Wat?s were an Amazigh dynasty of Kingdom of Fez. They followed the Amazigh Marinids and were followed by theSaadi Dynasty, also of Amazigh descent....
s which exercised the real power in the empire as vizier
Vizier

A Vizier , is a term for a high-ranking political advisor or minister, often to a Muslim monarch such as a Caliph, or Sultan. It sometimes refers to ministers and advisors of the Persian Empire's Shahs....
s. They rotated Merinid sultans, often still children, in quick succession to ensure a strong viziership. The Wattasids were however equally unable to consolidated the empire, so that in 1415 Portugal
Portugal

Portugal , officially the Portuguese Republic , is a country on the Iberian Peninsula. Located in southwestern Europe, Portugal is the westernmost country of mainland Europe and is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the west and south and by Spain to the north and east....
 occupied the town of Ceuta
Ceuta

Ceuta is an autonomous community#autonomous cities of Spain located on the North African side of the Strait of Gibraltar, on the Mediterranean, which separates it from the Spanish mainland....
 and by 1513 had occupied all important harbours on the Atlantic coast of Morocco. After Abdalhaqq II (1421-1465) tried in vain to break the power of the Wattasids, they finally toppled the dynasty of the Merinids.The actual Head of the dynasty is Mark Tabili that it comes down from the Sultan Abu Tabil

Chronology of events

  • 1215: Banu Marin (Marinids) attack the Almohads when the young 16 year old Almohad caliph Yusuf II Al-Mustansir
    Yusuf II, Almohad Caliph

    Yusuf II was King of Morocco from 1213 until his death. Son of the previous caliph, Muhammad an-Nasir, Yusuf assumed the throne following his father's death, at the age of only sixteen years....
     took power in 1213. The battle took place on the coast of Rif
    Rif

    The Rif is a mainly mountainous region of northern Morocco, stretching from Cape Spartel and Tangier in the west to Ras Kebdana and the Moulouya River in the east, and from the Mediterranean Sea in the north to the river of Ouargha in the south....
    . Under the reign of Yusuf II Al-Mustansir a great tower to protect the royal palace in Seville was erected.
  • 1217: Abd al-Haqq I
    Abd al-Haqq I

    Abd al-Haqq I was the first Marinid sheikh, leader and an eponym of the same dynasty....
     dies during a victorious combat against Almohads. His son Uthman ibn Abd al-Haqq
    Uthman ibn Abd al-Haqq

    Uthman ibn Abd al-Haqq was a Marinid leader and son of Abd al-Haqq I.After the death of his father, he went on chasing the Almohads. Uthman was killed by one of his Christian slaves....
     (Uthman I) succeeds to the throne. Marinids take possession of Rif and seemed to want to remain there. The Almohades take the initiative of vain counter-attacks.
  • 1240: Uthman I
    Uthman ibn Abd al-Haqq

    Uthman ibn Abd al-Haqq was a Marinid leader and son of Abd al-Haqq I.After the death of his father, he went on chasing the Almohads. Uthman was killed by one of his Christian slaves....
     is assassinated by one of his Christian
    Christian

    A Christian is a person who adheres to Christianity, a Monotheism#Christian view religion centered on the life and teachings of Jesus and interpreted by Christians to have been prophesied in the Hebrew Bible/Old Testament....
     slaves. His brother Muhammad ibn Abd Al-Haqq
    Muhammad ibn Abd Al-Haqq

    Muhammad ibn Abd Al-Haqq was a Marinid ruler. He was the son of Abd al-Haqq I and the brother of Uthman ibn Abd al-Haqq.He continued to fight the Almohads especially around the city of Meknes....
     (Muhammad I) succeeds him.
  • 1244: Muhammad I is killed by an officer of his own Christian mercenaries
    Mercenary

    A mercenary is a person who takes part in an armed conflict, who is not a national or a party to the conflict, and is "motivated to take part in the hostilities essentially by the desire for private gain and, in fact, is promised, by or on behalf of a party to the conflict, material compensation substantially in excess of that promised or p...
    ' militia. Abu Yahya ibn Abd al-Haqq
    Abu Yahya ibn Abd al-Haqq

    Abu Yahya ibn Abd al-Haqq was a Marinid ruler. He was the son of Abd al-Haqq I and the brother of both Uthman ibn Abd al-Haqq and Muhammad ibn Abd Al-Haqq....
    , the third son of Abd Al-Haqq, succeeds him.
  • 1249: Severe repression of an anti-marinids in Fes
    FES

    Fes may refer to:* Fes, Morocco, also known as Fez, a city in Morocco* Persona 3 FES, an 'add-on' disk for Shin Megami Tensei:Persona 3.FES is a three-letter acronym that may refer to:...
    .
  • 1258: Abu Yahya ibn Abd al-Haqq dies of disease. After a period of abandonment of the ancient city of Chellah
    Chellah

    File:Chella Rabat Morocco roman street.jpgChellah, or Sala Colonia is a necropolis and complex of ancient and medieval ruins that lie on the outskirts of Rabat, Morocco?s Ville Nouvelle, or modern section....
    , a necropolis
    Necropolis

    A necropolis is a large cemetery or burial place . Apart from the occasional application of the word to modern cemeteries outside large towns, the term...
     is built there and Abu Yahya ibn Abd al-Haqq is buried at Chellah. His uncle Abu Yusuf Yaqub ibn Abd Al-Haqq, fourth son of Abd Al-Haqq succeeds to the throne.
  • 1260: Raid of the Castilians
    Kingdom of Castile

    Kingdom of Castile was one of the medieval kingdoms of the Iberian Peninsula. It emerged as a political autonomous entity in the 9th century. It was called County of Castile and was held in vassalage from the Kingdom of Le?n....
     over Salé
    Salé

    Sal? is the twin city to Rabat, capital of Morocco. Today it is home to just over 900,000 people, mostly impoverished factory workers. It was once a self-contained, self-ruled Republic with international scope, situated on the mouth of the Bou Regreg river on the Atlantic coast....
    .
  • 1269: Seizure of Marrakesh and the end of the Almohad domination in Western Maghreb
    Maghreb

    The Maghreb , also rendered Maghrib , meaning "place of sunset" or "western" in Arabic, is a region in North Africa. The term is generally applied to all of Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia, but in older Arabic usage pertained only to the area of the three countries between the high ranges of the Atlas Mountains and the Mediterranean Sea....
    . The Marinids prefer build a new city Fes Jdid
    Fes Jdid

    Fes Jdid is one of the 3 parts of Fes, Morocco. It was founded by the Marinids in 1276 as an extension to Fes el Bali.ar:??? ??????de:F?s Jdid...
     that will replace Marrakesh as a capital city 1276.
  • 1274: The marinids seizure of Sijilmassa.
  • 1276: Founding of Fes Jdid
    Fes Jdid

    Fes Jdid is one of the 3 parts of Fes, Morocco. It was founded by the Marinids in 1276 as an extension to Fes el Bali.ar:??? ??????de:F?s Jdid...
     (New Fes), a new city beside Fes
    FES

    Fes may refer to:* Fes, Morocco, also known as Fez, a city in Morocco* Persona 3 FES, an 'add-on' disk for Shin Megami Tensei:Persona 3.FES is a three-letter acronym that may refer to:...
     which is considered rather as a new district of Fes in opposition to Fes el Bali
    Fes el Bali

    Fes el Bali is the oldest and walled part of Fes, Morocco. It was founded by the Idrisid Idris II. The Bali term came in contrast with Fes Jdid which was built by the Marinids in 1276....
     (Old Fes).
  • 1286: Abu Yusuf Yaqub ibn Abd Al-Haqq dies of disease in Algeciras
    Algeciras

    Algeciras is a port city in the south of Spain, and is the largest urban area on the Bay of Gibraltar . It is the busiest port in SpainmeThe site of Roman cities called Portus Albus, Caetaria and Iuliua Tracta, the current name of Algeciras seems to come from the Arab occupation of the Iberian Peninsula: Al-Caetaria or...
     (nowadays in Spain
    Spain

    Spain or the Kingdom of Spain , is a country located in Southern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula.The Spanish constitution does not establish any official denomination of the country, even though Espa?a , Estado espa?ol and Naci?n espa?ola are used interchangeably....
    ) after a fourth expedition to the Iberian Peninsula
    Iberian Peninsula

    The Iberian Peninsula, or Iberia, is located in the extreme southwest of Europe and includes modern-day Spain, Portugal, Andorra and Gibraltar and a very small area of France....
    . His son Abu Yaqub Yusuf an-Nasr replaces him.
  • 1286: Abu Yaqub Yusuf an-Nasr fights against the revolts which occurred in around Draa River
    Draa River

    The Draa is Morocco's longest river . It is formed by the confluence of the Dad?s River and Imini River. It flows from the High Atlas mountains south-ward to Tagounit and from Tagounit mostly westwards to the Atlantic Ocean somewhat north of Tan-Tan....
     and the province of Marrakesh.
  • 1296: Construction of Sidi Boumediene mosque , or Sidi Belhasan in Tlemcen
    Tlemcen

    Tlemcen is a town in Northwestern Algeria, and the capital of the Tlemcen Province. Its population is 132,341 as of the 1998 census. Located inland, it is located in the center of a region known for its olive plantations and vineyards....
     (nowadays Algeria
    Algeria

    Algeria , officially the People's Democratic Republic of Algeria, is a country located in North Africa. It is the largest country of the Mediterranean sea, second largest in the Arab World, and the second largest on the African continent and the eleventh-largest country in the world in terms of land area....
    ).
  • 1299: Beginning of Tlemcen's siege
    Siege

    A siege is a military blockade of a city or fortress with the intent of conquering by Battle of attrition and/or assault. The term derives from sedere, Latin for "to sit." A siege occurs when an attacker encounters a city or fortress that cannot be easily taken by a coup de main and refuses to surrender ....
     by the Marinids which will last nine years.
  • 1288: Abu Yaqub Yusuf an-Nasr receives envoys of king de Granada
    Al-Andalus

    Al-Andalus was the Arabic name given to the parts of the Iberian Peninsula governed by Arab Muslims, at various times in the period between 711 and 1492....
     in Fes to which it was returned the town of Cadiz
    Cádiz

    C?diz is a city and port in southwestern Spain. It is the capital of the province of C?diz, one of eight which make up the Autonomous communities of Spain of Andalusia....
     (nowadays Spain
    Spain

    Spain or the Kingdom of Spain , is a country located in Southern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula.The Spanish constitution does not establish any official denomination of the country, even though Espa?a , Estado espa?ol and Naci?n espa?ola are used interchangeably....
    ).
  • 1291: Construction of the mosque of Taza
    Taza

    Taza is a city in northern Morocco, about 100 km east of Fez, Morocco. It has a population of 139,686 and is the capital of Taza Province.Taza city, north-central Morocco....
    , the first preserved Marinid building.
  • 1306: conquest & destroy Taroudant
    Taroudant

    Taroudant is a Moroccan city located in the Sous Valley in the southern part of the country. It is situated east from Agadir on the road to Ouarzazate and south from Marrakech....
  • 1307: Abu Yaqub Yusuf an-Nasr is assassinated by an eunuch
    Eunuch

    A eunuch is a castrated man, in particular one castrated early enough to have major hormonal consequences; the term usually refers to those castrated in order to perform a specific social function, as was common in many societies of the past....
     for an obscure business of harem
    Harem

    Harem refers to the sphere of women in a usually polygyny household and their quarters which is enclosed and forbidden to men. It originated in the Near East and came to the Western world via the Ottoman Empire....
    . His son Abu Thabit Amir succeeds him to the throne.
  • 1308: Abu Thabit dies of disease in Tetouan
    Tétouan

    T?touan , also spelled Tetuan, sometimes Tettawen or Tettawin, is a city in northern Morocco. It is the only open port of Morocco on the Mediterranean Sea, a few miles south of the Strait of Gibraltar, and about 40 mi E.S.E....
    , a city which he had just founded. He dies of a disease after one year in power. His brother, Abu al-Rabi Sulayman succeeds him.
  • 1309: Abu al-Rabi Sulayman enters Ceuta
    Ceuta

    Ceuta is an autonomous community#autonomous cities of Spain located on the North African side of the Strait of Gibraltar, on the Mediterranean, which separates it from the Spanish mainland....
    .
  • 1310: Abu al-Rabi dies carried of disease after having repressed a revolt of army official in Taza. Among them Gonzalve, chief of the Christian militia. His brother Abu Said Uthman succeeds him to the throne.
  • 1323: Construction of the Attarin's madrasa in Fes.
  • 1329: Victory against the Castilians in Algeciras
    Algeciras

    Algeciras is a port city in the south of Spain, and is the largest urban area on the Bay of Gibraltar . It is the busiest port in SpainmeThe site of Roman cities called Portus Albus, Caetaria and Iuliua Tracta, the current name of Algeciras seems to come from the Arab occupation of the Iberian Peninsula: Al-Caetaria or...
    , establish a foothold in the south of the Iberian peninsula with the hope of reversing the Reconquista
    Reconquista

    The Reconquista was a period of 800 years in the Middle Ages during which several Christian kingdoms of the Iberian Peninsula succeeded in retaking the Iberian Peninsula from the Muslims....
    .
  • 1331: Abu Said Uthman dies. His son Abu al-Hasan ibn Uthman succeeds him .
  • 1337: First occupation of Tlemcen
    Tlemcen

    Tlemcen is a town in Northwestern Algeria, and the capital of the Tlemcen Province. Its population is 132,341 as of the 1998 census. Located inland, it is located in the center of a region known for its olive plantations and vineyards....
    .
  • 1340: A combined Portuguese-Castilian army defeats the Marinids at the battle of Rio Salado
    Battle of Rio Salado

    The Battle of R?o Salado , was a battle of King Afonso IV of Portugal and King Alfonso XI of Castile against sultan Abu al-Hasan 'Ali of the Marinid dynasty of Morocco and the Nasrid Dynasty ruler Yusuf I of the Kingdom of Granada....
     close to Tarifa
    Tarifa

    Tarifa is a small town on the southernmost coast of Spain. It is part of the province of C?diz , which, in turn, is part of the Andalusia region....
    , the southernmost town of the Iberian peninsula. At that point the Marinids move back to Africa.
  • 1344: The Castilians take over Algeciras
    Algeciras

    Algeciras is a port city in the south of Spain, and is the largest urban area on the Bay of Gibraltar . It is the busiest port in SpainmeThe site of Roman cities called Portus Albus, Caetaria and Iuliua Tracta, the current name of Algeciras seems to come from the Arab occupation of the Iberian Peninsula: Al-Caetaria or...
    . Marinids ejected from Iberia.
  • 1347: Abu al-Hasan ibn Uthman destroys the Hafsid dynasty
    Hafsid dynasty

    Hafsid was a dynasty ruling Ifriqiya from 1229 to 1574....
     of Tunis
    Tunis

    Tunis is the Capital of the Tunisian Republic and also the Tunis Governorate, with a population of 1 200,000 in 2008 and over 3,980,500 in the municipal area....
     and restores his authority on all Maghreb
    Maghreb

    The Maghreb , also rendered Maghrib , meaning "place of sunset" or "western" in Arabic, is a region in North Africa. The term is generally applied to all of Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia, but in older Arabic usage pertained only to the area of the three countries between the high ranges of the Atlas Mountains and the Mediterranean Sea....
     but this success was of short duration.
  • 1348: Abu al-Hasan dies, his son Abu Inan Faris
    Abu Inan Faris

    Abu Inan Faris was a Marinid ruler. He succeeded his father Abu al-Hasan 'Ali as sultan of Morocco in 1348. He died strangled by his vizier in 1358....
     succeeded him as Maririd ruler.
  • 1348: The Black Death
    Black Death

    The Black Death, was one of the deadliest pandemics in human history, widely thought to have been caused by a bacterium named Yersinia pestis , but recently attributed by some factors to other diseases....
     and the rebellions of Tlemcen
    Tlemcen

    Tlemcen is a town in Northwestern Algeria, and the capital of the Tlemcen Province. Its population is 132,341 as of the 1998 census. Located inland, it is located in the center of a region known for its olive plantations and vineyards....
     and Tunis
    Tunis

    Tunis is the Capital of the Tunisian Republic and also the Tunis Governorate, with a population of 1 200,000 in 2008 and over 3,980,500 in the municipal area....
     mark the beginning of the decline of Marinids which will not manage to drive back the Portuguese
    Portuguese Empire

    The Portuguese Empire was the first global empire in history and also the earliest and longest lived of the modern European Colonialism empires, spanning almost six centuries, from the capture of Ceuta in 1415 to the handover of Macau in 1999....
     and the Castilians, thus allowing them, by the means also of their successors Wattasids settling on the coast.
  • 1350: Construction of Bou Inania's medersa in Meknes
    Meknes

    Meknes is a city in northern Morocco, located 130 kilometres from the capital Rabat and 60 kilometres from Fes. It is served by the A2 expressway between those two cities and by the corresponding railway....
    .
  • 1351: Second seizure of Tlemcen.
  • 1357: Defeat of Abu Inan Faris in front of Tlemcen. Construction of another Bou Inania's medersa in Fes.
  • 1358: Abu Inan is assassinated by his vizir. Confusions started. Each vizier tries to install his weakest candidate on the throne.
  • 1358: Abu Zian as-Said Muhammad ibn Faris was named a Marinid Sultan by the vizirs, just after the assassination of Abu Inan. His reign will last a few months only. Abu Yahya abu Bakr ibn Faris comes to power. He also reigned only a few months.
  • 1359: Abu Salim Ibrahim is nominated a Sultan by the vizirs. He is one of sons of Abu al-Hasan ibn Uthman. He is supported by king of Castille Pedro the Cruel
    Pedro of Castile

    File:Estatua de Pedro I el Cruel 01.jpgPeter or Pedro , sometimes called the Cruel or the Lawful , was the king of Kingdom of Castile from 1350 to 1369....
    .
  • 1359: Resurgence of the Zianids of Tlemcen.
  • 1361: Abu Salim Ibrahim is replaced by Abu Umar Tachfin. This one was supported by the Christian militia and was named successor of Abu Salim Ibrahim by the vizirs. He reigned only a few months.
  • 1361: The period called the "reign of the vizirs" is over.
  • 1362: Muhammad ibn Yaqub takes power. He is a small son of Abu al-Hasan ibn Uthman who had taken refuge in Castille.
  • 1366: Muhammad ibn Yaqub is assassinated by his vizir. He is replaced by Abu Faris Abd al-Aziz ibn Ali, one of the sons of Abu al-Hasan ibn Uthman who until this time, had been held locked up in the palace of Fes.
  • 1370: Third seizure of Tlemcen.
  • 1372: Abu Faris Abd al-Aziz ibn Ali dies of disease leaving the throne to his very young son Muhammad as-Said. This led to a new period marked by instability. The vizirs try on several occasions to impose a puppet sovereign
    Puppet state

    The term puppet state describes a nominal sovereignty controlled effectively by a foreign power.. The term refers to a government controlled by the government of another country like a puppeteer controls the strings of a marionette....
    .
  • 1373: Muhammad as-Said who is presented like an heir to his father Abu Faris Abd al-Aziz ibn Ali at the 5 years old cannot reign as he dies in 1373.
  • 1374: Abu al-Abbas Ahmad, supported by the Nasrid princes of Granada takes power.
  • 1374: Partition of the empire into two Kingdoms; the Kingdom of Fes and the Kingdom of Marrakech.
  • 1384: Abu al-Abbas is removed temporarily by the Nasrids after 10 years of reign. Nasrids replace him with Abu Faris Musa ibn Faris, a disabled person and son of Abu Inan Faris which ensured a kind of interim during the reign of Abu al-Abbas Ahmad from 1384 to 1386.
  • 1384: Abu Zayd Abd ar-Rahman reigns over the Kingdom of Marrakech from 1384 to 1387 while the Marinid throne is still based in Fes.
  • 1386: Al-Wathiq ensures the second part of the interim in the reign of Abu al-Abbas from 1386 to 1387.
  • 1387: Abu Al-Abbas begins to give vizirs more power. Morocco knows six years of peace again although Abu Al-Abbas benefits from this period to reconquer Tlemcen
    Tlemcen

    Tlemcen is a town in Northwestern Algeria, and the capital of the Tlemcen Province. Its population is 132,341 as of the 1998 census. Located inland, it is located in the center of a region known for its olive plantations and vineyards....
     and Algiers
    Algiers

    Algiers Nicknamed El-Bahdja or Alger la Blanche for the glistening white of its buildings as seen rising up from the sea, Algiers is situated on the west side of a bay of the Mediterranean Sea....
    .
  • 1393: Abu Al-Abbas dies. Abu Faris Abd al-Aziz ibn Ahmad is designated as the new Sultan. The troubles which followed the sudden death of Abu Al-Abbas in Taza
    Taza

    Taza is a city in northern Morocco, about 100 km east of Fez, Morocco. It has a population of 139,686 and is the capital of Taza Province.Taza city, north-central Morocco....
     made it possible to the Christian sovereigns to carry the war in Morocco.
  • 1396: Abu Amir Abdallah succeeds to the throne.
  • 1398: Abu Amir dies. His brother Abu Said Uthman ibn Ahmad takes power.
  • 1399: Benefitting from the anarchy within the Marinid kingdom, the king Henry III of Castile
    Henry III of Castile

    Henry III , sometimes known as Henry the Sufferer or Henry the Infirm was the son of John I of Castile and Eleanor of Aragon, and succeeded him as List of Castilian monarchs of Kingdom of Castile and Kingdom of Le?n in 1390....
     unloads in Morocco, seizes Tetouan
    Tétouan

    T?touan , also spelled Tetuan, sometimes Tettawen or Tettawin, is a city in northern Morocco. It is the only open port of Morocco on the Mediterranean Sea, a few miles south of the Strait of Gibraltar, and about 40 mi E.S.E....
    , massacres half of the population and reduced it to slavery
    Slavery

    Slavery is a form of forced labor where a person is compelled to Labor for another . Slaves are held against their will from the time of their capture, purchase, or birth, and are deprived of the right to leave, to refuse to work, or to receive Remuneration in return for their labor....
    .
  • 1415: King John I of Portugal
    John I of Portugal

    John I, Portuguese language: Jo?o, , called the Good or of Happy Memory, was the tenth List of Portuguese monarchs and the first to use the title Lord of Ceuta....
     seizes Ceuta
    Ceuta

    Ceuta is an autonomous community#autonomous cities of Spain located on the North African side of the Strait of Gibraltar, on the Mediterranean, which separates it from the Spanish mainland....
    . This conquest marks the beginning of the overseas European expansion.
  • 1420: Abu Said Uthman dies. He is replaced by his son Abu Muhammad Abd al-Haqq at the age of 1 year.
  • 1437: Failure of a Portuguese at an expedition to Tangier
    Tangier

    Tangier or Tangiers [#Notes] is a city of northern Morocco with a population of about 700,000 . It lies on the North African coast at the western entrance to the Strait of Gibraltar where the Mediterranean meets the Atlantic Ocean off Cape Spartel....
    . Many prisoners are being held and the infant Fernando, the Saint Prince
    Fernando, the Saint Prince

    The Infante Fernando - , commonly known as the Saint Prince was an Infante of Portugal of the House of Aviz. Fernando was the sixth son of List of Portuguese monarchs John I of Portugal and his wife Philippa of Lancaster....
     is kept as a hostage. A treaty intervened where the Portuguese obtained to be able to re-embark themselves in condition of returning Ceuta
    Ceuta

    Ceuta is an autonomous community#autonomous cities of Spain located on the North African side of the Strait of Gibraltar, on the Mediterranean, which separates it from the Spanish mainland....
     back. Fernando is kept as a hostage to guarantee the execution of this pact. Influenced by Pope Eugene IV
    Pope Eugene IV

    Pope Eugene IV , born Gabriele Condulmer, was Pope from March 3, 1431, to his death....
    , Edward of Portugal
    Edward of Portugal

    Edward, ; Viseu, , called the Philosopher or the Eloquent, was the eleventh List of Portuguese monarchs and second Lord of Ceuta from 1433 until his death....
     sacrifices his brother for the national trade interests.
  • 1458: The king Afonso V of Portugal
    Afonso V of Portugal

    Afonso V , or Affonso , the African , was the 12th Algarve#History .He was born in Sintra, the eldest son of King Edward of Portugal by his wife, Infanta Leonor of Aragon ....
     prepares an army for a crusade against the Ottomans after the call of Pope Pius II
    Pope Pius II

    Pope Pius II, born Enea Silvio Piccolomini was Pope from August 19, 1458 until his death in 1464. Pius II, "whose character reflects almost every tendency of the age in which he lived", was born at Corsignano in the Siena territory of a noble but decayed family....
    . He finally preferred to turn over his force against a small port located between Tangier
    Tangier

    Tangier or Tangiers [#Notes] is a city of northern Morocco with a population of about 700,000 . It lies on the North African coast at the western entrance to the Strait of Gibraltar where the Mediterranean meets the Atlantic Ocean off Cape Spartel....
     and Ceuta
    Ceuta

    Ceuta is an autonomous community#autonomous cities of Spain located on the North African side of the Strait of Gibraltar, on the Mediterranean, which separates it from the Spanish mainland....
    .
  • 1459: Abu Muhammad Abd Al-Haqq revolts against his own Wattasid viziers. Only two brothers survived. They will become the first Watassids sultans in 1472.
  • 1462: Ferdinand IV of Castille takes over Gibraltar
    Gibraltar

    Gibraltar is a British overseas territory located near the southernmost tip of the Iberian Peninsula overlooking the Strait of Gibraltar. The territory shares a border with Spain to the north....
    .
  • 1465: Abu Muhammad Abd Al-Haqq has his throat cut in Fes when a popular revolt breaks out against his having appointed a Jewish vizier, Aaron ben Batash. The Portuguese king Afonso V
    Afonso V of Portugal

    Afonso V , or Affonso , the African , was the 12th Algarve#History .He was born in Sintra, the eldest son of King Edward of Portugal by his wife, Infanta Leonor of Aragon ....
     finally manages to take Tangier while benefitting from the troubles in Fes.
  • 1472: Abu Abdallah sheikh Muhammad ibn Yahya, one of the two Wattasid viziers survivors of 1459 massacre will install himself in Fes
    FES

    Fes may refer to:* Fes, Morocco, also known as Fez, a city in Morocco* Persona 3 FES, an 'add-on' disk for Shin Megami Tensei:Persona 3.FES is a three-letter acronym that may refer to:...
     where he would found the Wattasid dynasty.

Chronology of Marinid rulers

  • Abd al-Haqq I
    Abd al-Haqq I

    Abd al-Haqq I was the first Marinid sheikh, leader and an eponym of the same dynasty....
     (1195-1217)
  • Uthman I
    Uthman ibn Abd al-Haqq

    Uthman ibn Abd al-Haqq was a Marinid leader and son of Abd al-Haqq I.After the death of his father, he went on chasing the Almohads. Uthman was killed by one of his Christian slaves....
     (1217-1240)
  • Muhammad I
    Muhammad ibn Abd Al-Haqq

    Muhammad ibn Abd Al-Haqq was a Marinid ruler. He was the son of Abd al-Haqq I and the brother of Uthman ibn Abd al-Haqq.He continued to fight the Almohads especially around the city of Meknes....
     (1240-1244)
  • Abu Yahya ibn Abd al-Haqq
    Abu Yahya ibn Abd al-Haqq

    Abu Yahya ibn Abd al-Haqq was a Marinid ruler. He was the son of Abd al-Haqq I and the brother of both Uthman ibn Abd al-Haqq and Muhammad ibn Abd Al-Haqq....
     (1244 - 1258)
  • Umar (1258 - 1259)
  • Abu Yusuf Yaqub (1259 - 1286)
  • Abu Yaqub Yusuf (1286 - 1306)
  • Abu Thabit (1307 - 1308)
  • Abu l-Rabia (1308 - 1310)
  • Abu Said Uthman II (1310 - 1331)
  • Abu al-Hasan 'Ali
    Abu al-Hasan 'Ali

    Abu Al-Hasan 'Ali ibn 'Othman was a sultan of the Marinid Dynasty who reigned in Morocco and Al-Andalus .He succeeded his father Abu Sa'id Uthman II....
     (1331 - 1348)
  • Abu Inan Faris
    Abu Inan Faris

    Abu Inan Faris was a Marinid ruler. He succeeded his father Abu al-Hasan 'Ali as sultan of Morocco in 1348. He died strangled by his vizier in 1358....
     (1348 - 1358)
  • Muhammad II as Said (1359)
  • Abu Salim Ali II (1359 - 1361)
  • Abu Umar Taschufin (1361)
  • Abu Zayyan Muhammad III (1362 - 1366)
  • Abu l-Fariz Abdul Aziz I (1366 - 1372)
  • Abu l-Abbas Ahmad (1372 - 1374)
  • Abu Zayyan Muhammad IV (1384 - 1386)
  • Muhammad V (1386 - 1387)
  • Abu l-Abbas Ahmad (1387 - 1393)
  • Abdul Aziz II (1393 - 1398)
  • Abdullah (1398 - 1399)
  • Abu Said Uthman III (1399 - 1420)
  • Abdalhaqq II (1420 - 1465)

Chronology of Marinid vizir

  • 1344: Askar Ibn Tahabrit
Wattasid dynasty
  • 1420-1448 : Abu Zakariya Yahya
  • 1448-1458 : Ali ibn Yusuf
  • 1458-1459 : Yahya ibn Abi Zakariya Yahya

Culture

Catholic diocese in Fez and Marrakech, and Málaga
Málaga

M?laga is a port city in Andalusia, southern Spain, on the Costa del Sol coast of the Mediterranean. At the 2007 census the population is 576,725....
 (1274-1286).
  • 1220 arrived Anthony of Padua
    Anthony of Padua

    Saint Anthony also venerated as Saint Anthony of Lisbon and Saint Anthony of Padua, is a Catholic saint who was born in Lisbon, Portugal, as Fernando Martins de Bulh?es to a wealthy family and who died in Padua, Italy....
  • Fernando, the Saint Prince
    Fernando, the Saint Prince

    The Infante Fernando - , commonly known as the Saint Prince was an Infante of Portugal of the House of Aviz. Fernando was the sixth son of List of Portuguese monarchs John I of Portugal and his wife Philippa of Lancaster....
     was capture in 1437 and died in 1445


Jews:
  • 1356 Jews in Gibraltar
    Gibraltar

    Gibraltar is a British overseas territory located near the southernmost tip of the Iberian Peninsula overlooking the Strait of Gibraltar. The territory shares a border with Spain to the north....
     first mentioned
  • Mellah de Fès (1438)


Sufis:
  • Ibn Abbad al-Rundi
    Ibn Abbad al-Rundi

    Ibn Abbad al-Rundi or, in full Abu 'abd Allah Muhammad Ibn Abi Ishaq Ibrahim An-nafzi Al-himyari Ar-rundi , was one of the leading Sufi theologys of his time who was born in Ronda....
     (1333 - 1390)
  • Muhammad al-Jazuli
    Muhammad al-Jazuli

    Sidi Muhammad ibn Sulayman al-Jazuli al-Simlali was a Marinid Sufi leader of the Berber people tribe of the Jazulah who lived in the Sus area of nowadays is Morocco between the Atlantic Ocean and the Atlas Mountains....
     (m.1465)


Poet muslin Salih ben Sharif al-Rundi
Salih ben Sharif al-Rundi

Abu Muhammad Salih b. Abi Sharif al-Rundi was a poet from al-Andalus. He was born in Sevilla in 1204 and fled that town in 1248 and lived in Ceuta until his death in 1285....
 (1204-1285)
Explorer Ibn Battuta
Ibn Battuta

Ibn Battuta was a Muslim Berber, scholar and traveller who is known for the account of his travels and excursions called the Rihla. His journeys lasted for a period of nearly thirty years and covered almost the entirety of the known Muslim world and beyond, extending from North Africa, West Africa, Southern Europe and Eastern Europe in t...
 (1304-1368 or 1377)

External links

  • .

Line notes


Bibliography

  • JULIEN, Charles-André, Histoire de l'Afrique du Nord, des origines à 1830, édition originale 1931, réédition Payot, Paris, 1994