Marianna, Florida
Encyclopedia
Marianna is a city in Jackson County
, Florida
, United States
. The population was 6,230 at the 2000 census. As of 2004, the population estimated by the U.S. Census Bureau is 6,200 http://www.census.gov/popest/cities/tables/SUB-EST2004-04-12.xls. It is the county seat
of Jackson County
and is home to Chipola College
. The official nickname of Marianna is "The City of Southern Charm."
According to the United States Census Bureau
, the town has a total area of 8.1 square miles (21 km²). 8 square miles (20.7 km²) of it is land and 0.04 square mile (0.1035995244 km²) of it (0.37%) is water.
of 2000, there were 6,230 people, 2,398 households, and 1,395 families residing in the city. The population density
was 776.1 inhabitants per square mile (299.6/km²). There were 2,764 housing units at an average density of 344.3 per square mile (132.9/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 56.82% White, 40.16% African American, 0.26% Native American, 0.74% Asian, 0.87% from other races
, and 1.16% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.60% of the population.
There were 12,398 households out of which 28.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 34.3% were married couples
living together, 20.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 41.8% were non-families. 38.0% of all households were made up of individuals and 19.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.22 and the average family size was 2.96.
In the city the population was spread out with 26.7% under the age of 18, 11.8% from 18 to 24, 22.3% from 25 to 44, 18.4% from 45 to 64, and 20.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females there were 88.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 76.7 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $23,861, and the median income for a family was $29,590. Males had a median income of $28,500 versus $21,530 for females. The per capita income
for the city was $14,021. About 20.9% of families and 28.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 41.7% of those under age 18 and 34.6% of those age 65 or over.
It is the final resting place of the Confederate governor of Florida, Governor John Milton
, and the scene of a minor Civil War battle between a small home guard of about 150 boys, old men, and wounded soldiers, and a contingent of approximately 900 Federal troops.
Governor Milton, who owned the Milton Plantation and hundreds of slaves, was the Governor of Florida during the Civil War years. Governor Milton was vehemently against the Confederate States of America reuniting with the United States of America. He vowed that he would rather die than see the Confederates reunite with America.
In late spring 1865, as Federal Troops were preparing to take control of Tallahassee, Governor Milton received word the Civil War had ended and that Florida would now be part of the United States again. Upon this news, the Governor died of a gunshot wound. Historians tell it that Milton committed suicide because he could not stand the thought of slavery ending and becoming a part of America again.
Marianna was also the site of the 1934 lynching of Claude Neal, an African American man accused of rape and murder. The
national publicity generated by the lynching and resulting riot played a significant role in American history by helping to inspire national anti-lynching laws.
On Sunday, June 6, 2010 residents within Marianna city limits, were able to purchase alcoholic beverages on Sunday for the first time. To date there have been no changes to regulations dealing outside of Marianna "city" limits, and the No Beer on Sunday statue is in still effect for those areas.
grade scale. Golson for grades K-2, Riverside Elementary for grades 3-5, Marianna Middle School for grades 6-8, and Marianna High School
for grades 9-12. Dayspring Christian Academy, a private school, holds grades K-8.
Chipola College
, home of the Chipola Indians, is the choice for many residents and offers dual-enrollment classes for high school students.Chipola College is a 4-year state college offering Bachelor's Degrees in nine programs. Additionally, students can earn Masters and Doctorate degrees on the Chipola Campus through Troy State University, University of Florida, University of West Florida, and Florida State University.
, a former World War II
Army Air Corps
base, is a public-use airport
located 4 miles (6.4 km) northeast of the central business district
. It was the site of a fatal plane crash in April 2000, when a private lear jet carrying three businessmen from Maryland tried to make an emergency landing. Though the pilot was in line with the runway, the plane lost power short of the runway and crashed into nearby woods. Eye witnesses say the plane exploded on impact killing all aboard.
homes.
Florida Caverns State Park
is located near the town. There is also cave diving in underwater Blue Springs. St. Luke's Episcopal Church's chapel and cemetery are a State Landmark following a principal role in the American Civil War
battle of Marianna
in 1864. Neal's Landing on the Chattahoochee River is not far from Marianna and is a fishing and camping area. Neal's Landing is where the old Indian village of Ekanchattee once existed. The Chipola River is a source of recreation during the spring, summer, and fall months.
Jackson County, Florida
Jackson County is a county located in the U.S. state of Florida. The population as of the 2000 census was 46,755. As of 2005, the population was estimated to be 48,985 . Its county seat is Marianna, Florida.- History :...
, Florida
Florida
Florida is a state in the southeastern United States, located on the nation's Atlantic and Gulf coasts. It is bordered to the west by the Gulf of Mexico, to the north by Alabama and Georgia and to the east by the Atlantic Ocean. With a population of 18,801,310 as measured by the 2010 census, it...
, United States
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
. The population was 6,230 at the 2000 census. As of 2004, the population estimated by the U.S. Census Bureau is 6,200 http://www.census.gov/popest/cities/tables/SUB-EST2004-04-12.xls. It is the county seat
County seat
A county seat is an administrative center, or seat of government, for a county or civil parish. The term is primarily used in the United States....
of Jackson County
Jackson County, Florida
Jackson County is a county located in the U.S. state of Florida. The population as of the 2000 census was 46,755. As of 2005, the population was estimated to be 48,985 . Its county seat is Marianna, Florida.- History :...
and is home to Chipola College
Chipola College
Chipola College is a state college located in Marianna, Florida, USA. Chipola College is a member institution of the Florida College System.The College was named for the Chipola River, which is located less than a mile from the campus...
. The official nickname of Marianna is "The City of Southern Charm."
Geography
Marianna is located at 30°46′35"N 85°14′17"W (30.776370, -85.238149).According to the United States Census Bureau
United States Census Bureau
The United States Census Bureau is the government agency that is responsible for the United States Census. It also gathers other national demographic and economic data...
, the town has a total area of 8.1 square miles (21 km²). 8 square miles (20.7 km²) of it is land and 0.04 square mile (0.1035995244 km²) of it (0.37%) is water.
Demographics
As of the censusCensus
A census is the procedure of systematically acquiring and recording information about the members of a given population. It is a regularly occurring and official count of a particular population. The term is used mostly in connection with national population and housing censuses; other common...
of 2000, there were 6,230 people, 2,398 households, and 1,395 families residing in the city. The population density
Population density
Population density is a measurement of population per unit area or unit volume. It is frequently applied to living organisms, and particularly to humans...
was 776.1 inhabitants per square mile (299.6/km²). There were 2,764 housing units at an average density of 344.3 per square mile (132.9/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 56.82% White, 40.16% African American, 0.26% Native American, 0.74% Asian, 0.87% from other races
Race (United States Census)
Race and ethnicity in the United States Census, as defined by the Federal Office of Management and Budget and the United States Census Bureau, are self-identification data items in which residents choose the race or races with which they most closely identify, and indicate whether or not they are...
, and 1.16% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.60% of the population.
There were 12,398 households out of which 28.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 34.3% were married couples
Marriage
Marriage is a social union or legal contract between people that creates kinship. It is an institution in which interpersonal relationships, usually intimate and sexual, are acknowledged in a variety of ways, depending on the culture or subculture in which it is found...
living together, 20.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 41.8% were non-families. 38.0% of all households were made up of individuals and 19.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.22 and the average family size was 2.96.
In the city the population was spread out with 26.7% under the age of 18, 11.8% from 18 to 24, 22.3% from 25 to 44, 18.4% from 45 to 64, and 20.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females there were 88.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 76.7 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $23,861, and the median income for a family was $29,590. Males had a median income of $28,500 versus $21,530 for females. The per capita income
Per capita income
Per capita income or income per person is a measure of mean income within an economic aggregate, such as a country or city. It is calculated by taking a measure of all sources of income in the aggregate and dividing it by the total population...
for the city was $14,021. About 20.9% of families and 28.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 41.7% of those under age 18 and 34.6% of those age 65 or over.
History
Marianna was founded in 1828 and named the county seat the following year, supplanting the earlier settlement of Webbville, which soon dissolved and no longer exists.It is the final resting place of the Confederate governor of Florida, Governor John Milton
John Milton (Florida politician)
John Milton was an American politician who was the fifth Governor of Florida.John Milton was the son of Homer Virgil Milton and the grandson of Revolutionary War hero and former Georgia Secretary of State, John Milton .John was born near Louisville, Georgia...
, and the scene of a minor Civil War battle between a small home guard of about 150 boys, old men, and wounded soldiers, and a contingent of approximately 900 Federal troops.
Governor Milton, who owned the Milton Plantation and hundreds of slaves, was the Governor of Florida during the Civil War years. Governor Milton was vehemently against the Confederate States of America reuniting with the United States of America. He vowed that he would rather die than see the Confederates reunite with America.
In late spring 1865, as Federal Troops were preparing to take control of Tallahassee, Governor Milton received word the Civil War had ended and that Florida would now be part of the United States again. Upon this news, the Governor died of a gunshot wound. Historians tell it that Milton committed suicide because he could not stand the thought of slavery ending and becoming a part of America again.
Marianna was also the site of the 1934 lynching of Claude Neal, an African American man accused of rape and murder. The
national publicity generated by the lynching and resulting riot played a significant role in American history by helping to inspire national anti-lynching laws.
On Sunday, June 6, 2010 residents within Marianna city limits, were able to purchase alcoholic beverages on Sunday for the first time. To date there have been no changes to regulations dealing outside of Marianna "city" limits, and the No Beer on Sunday statue is in still effect for those areas.
Education
Marianna has five schools, all of which usually perform in the high C-low B range in the state's FCATFlorida Comprehensive Assessment Test
The Florida Comprehensive Assessment Test, or the FCAT , is the standardized test used in the primary and secondary public schools of Florida...
grade scale. Golson for grades K-2, Riverside Elementary for grades 3-5, Marianna Middle School for grades 6-8, and Marianna High School
Marianna High School
Marianna High School is a public high school in Marianna, Florida. It enrolls 805 students in grades 9–12 making it the largest of the five high schools in the Jackson County School District. Marianna High offers technical, and academic courses, as well as Dual Enrollment and Early Admission with...
for grades 9-12. Dayspring Christian Academy, a private school, holds grades K-8.
Chipola College
Chipola College
Chipola College is a state college located in Marianna, Florida, USA. Chipola College is a member institution of the Florida College System.The College was named for the Chipola River, which is located less than a mile from the campus...
, home of the Chipola Indians, is the choice for many residents and offers dual-enrollment classes for high school students.Chipola College is a 4-year state college offering Bachelor's Degrees in nine programs. Additionally, students can earn Masters and Doctorate degrees on the Chipola Campus through Troy State University, University of Florida, University of West Florida, and Florida State University.
Transportation
Marianna Municipal AirportMarianna Municipal Airport
Marianna Municipal Airport is a public use airport located four nautical miles northeast of the central business district of Marianna, a city in Jackson County, Florida, United States. It is owned by the Marianna Municipal Airport Authority. According to the FAA's National Plan of Integrated...
, a former World War II
World War II
World War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...
Army Air Corps
United States Army Air Corps
The United States Army Air Corps was a forerunner of the United States Air Force. Renamed from the Air Service on 2 July 1926, it was part of the United States Army and the predecessor of the United States Army Air Forces , established in 1941...
base, is a public-use airport
Airport
An airport is a location where aircraft such as fixed-wing aircraft, helicopters, and blimps take off and land. Aircraft may be stored or maintained at an airport...
located 4 miles (6.4 km) northeast of the central business district
Central business district
A central business district is the commercial and often geographic heart of a city. In North America this part of a city is commonly referred to as "downtown" or "city center"...
. It was the site of a fatal plane crash in April 2000, when a private lear jet carrying three businessmen from Maryland tried to make an emergency landing. Though the pilot was in line with the runway, the plane lost power short of the runway and crashed into nearby woods. Eye witnesses say the plane exploded on impact killing all aboard.
Attractions
Marianna is an official Florida Main Street town. The downtown area has been restored to look as it did many years ago. The downtown area includes the Marianna Historic District, with a number of antebellumAntebellum architecture
Antebellum architecture is a term used to describe the characteristic neoclassical architectural style of the Southern United States, especially the Old South, from after the birth of the United States in the American Revolution, to the start of the American Civil War...
homes.
Florida Caverns State Park
Florida Caverns State Park
Florida Caverns State Park is a Florida's State Park, located in the Florida Panhandle near Marianna. It is home to the only air-filled caves accessible to tourists in Florida....
is located near the town. There is also cave diving in underwater Blue Springs. St. Luke's Episcopal Church's chapel and cemetery are a State Landmark following a principal role in the American Civil War
American Civil War
The American Civil War was a civil war fought in the United States of America. In response to the election of Abraham Lincoln as President of the United States, 11 southern slave states declared their secession from the United States and formed the Confederate States of America ; the other 25...
battle of Marianna
Battle of Marianna
The Battle of Marianna was a small but significant engagement on September 27, 1864, in the panhandle of Florida during the American Civil War...
in 1864. Neal's Landing on the Chattahoochee River is not far from Marianna and is a fishing and camping area. Neal's Landing is where the old Indian village of Ekanchattee once existed. The Chipola River is a source of recreation during the spring, summer, and fall months.